【原】发包人拒付工程款的怎么办？民法典合同编逐条解析（法条附英文翻译）

第八百零七条 发包人未按照约定支付价款的，承包人可以催告发包人在合理期限内支付价款。发包人逾期不支付的，除根据建设工程的性质不宜折价、拍卖外，承包人可以与发包人协议将该工程折价，也可以请求人民法院将该工程依法拍卖。建设工程的价款就该工程折价或者拍卖的价款优先受偿。 

Article 807 The contractor may urge the employer to make the payment in a reasonable period of time if the employer failed to pay as agreed. The contractor may discuss with the employer to set off the payment with the project or ask the court to auction the project except that the project is not suitable for auction or discounted sales by nature. The contractor shall be prioritized with the income from the auction or discounted sale of the project.

发包人应当按照合同约定的期间支付工程款，发包人未按照约定支付的，承包人可以催告发包人并给予发包人一个合理的期限。超过约定期限的，承包人没有义务另外再给发包人多余的付款期限，只需要提醒发包人付款即可,甚至不需要催告。

承包人收回工程款的方法本条规定有两种：一种是与发包人协商将工程折价于承包人或其他人收款抵债，另一种是请求人民法院对工程项目进行拍卖（拍卖就没有那么简单了，一审、二审、执行等，没有个三年五年，搞不下来的）。

拍卖所得款项，承包人有优先权。 这种优先权是法律明确规定的优先权，不要去套什么抵押权或留置权，其内在的逻辑和合理性在于很多建设项目中，承包人都垫付了大量的资金，在承包人出人、出力、出钱的情况下，项目建成后却拖欠承包人的工程款不付，与理不合。其次，工程项目是劳动力密集型行业，支付工程款中有一部分是农民工的工资，具有支付的紧迫性。另外，建设行业业主拖欠工程款是恶习，应加重治理力度，这体现了立法者的态度。

承包人优先权的范围应限于项目拍卖所得或者折价变卖所得价款，不能扩大到发包人的所有财产，也就是说如果拍卖所得不足以支付承包人的工程款，承包人对发包人其它财产的执行也没有优先权，只是一般债权而已。另外，在房地产开发项目中，如果消费者交付购买商品房的全部或者大部分款项的，承包人不仅没有优先权，恐怕这都属于“根据建设工程的性质不宜折价、拍卖的情况”吧。

本条规定的承包人应做限缩解释。有学者认为，勘察、设计承包人， 与承包人签订转包、分包合同的实施施工人不享有优先权，支解发包的情况下，非主体工程的承包人不享有优先权，借用资质的承包人在主张权利时也一定会以承包人的名义进行，是否可享有优先权，要看情况了。

对于承包装修、装饰工程的款项，最高人民法院的司法解释也是准用本条关于建设工程款的优先权，主要原因也是因为农民工的工资问题。

本法特别之处还在于：建设工程质量不合格就谈不上请求权，更谈不上优先权；建设工程合同无效，不影响优先权的实施；因发包人的原因导致建设工程烂尾的，就谈不上质量合格，但不影响折价变卖或拍卖，因此，优先权也不受影响。

法律英语

WARRANTIES AND CONDITIONS

2.91

A contract of insurance will contain a variety of terms: some are express and others are implied.

2.92

The following are implied conditions of every policy of insurance:

(1) that the parties will observe utmost good faith towards each other (see above);

(2) that there is a subject matter of insurance in existence at the time when the policy is effective;

(3) that the subject matter of the insurance is sufficiently clearly described in the policy to enable it to be identified and to enable the risk to be undertaken by the insurers to be defined;

(4) that the insured has an insurable interest in the subject matter of the insurance (see above).

2.93

Often these terms will be the subject of express terms of the policy. To a limited extent these terms or the effects of these conditions can be modified by agreement between the parties—for example it is very often the case that professional indemnity policies contain a clause stating that insurers will not take advantage of a right which would otherwise exist to avoid a policy where non-disclosure is unintentional and non-fraudulent.