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2021年总理答记者问(17)|翻译详解及短语归纳

 Catti翻译解析 2022-09-07 发布于北京

创新还是要依靠市场的力量。企业是创新的主体。“十四五”期间政府会继续加大科技投入,同时要更多地依靠社会力量来加大研发投入,所以我们要增加“全社会”这个口径下的研发投入。这就需要采用一些机制。比如今年我们采取对制造业研发费用投入加计扣除100%的措施,这实际上是一项税收优惠,就是想通过市场化普惠制的办法,使企业投资研发有动力。

We must rely on market forces in driving innovations.Companies are the most important force. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, the government will continue to scale up inputs,and we also need to rely more on private actors in boosting their R&D spending. Hence our R&D spending increase needs to come from all stakeholders.This would require institutional arrangement in policy support. This year we will introduce the tax incentive of raising the extra tax deduction on the R&D expenses of manufacturing firms to 100 percent.This is a market-oriented and inclusive tax break measure aiming to keep companies driven to scale up inputs in research and development.

翻译详解及短语归纳

1.创新还是要依靠市场的力量 We must rely on market forces in driving innovations.

(1)处理这句时,先锁定谓动“依靠”,然后通过“增主”确定本句结构。

(2)“创新”在译文中通过增译动词“drive”变成动词的宾语。或者,也可以增译动词“make”

(3)“要”处理为“must”,表示一种主观的义务和必要。

2.企业是创新的主体 Companies are the most important force.

(1)官方根据语境做了意译处理。直译的话可以处理为“Companies are innovation entities”。

3.加大科技投入 scale up/increase inputs(in/into R&D of science and technology)

(1)官方处理得很精简:从本段语境来看,都是在讲“研发”(科技研发),因此删除“into…”后面的内容不会影响语意理解。

4.同时要更多地依靠社会力量来加大研发投入 and we also need to rely more on private actors in boosting their R&D spending.

(1)“同时”可以简单处理为连词“and”,不一定每次都处理为“at the same time/meanwhile”,

  (2) 更多依靠…来做… rely more on sth in doing sth else

 (3)社会力量 private actors(actor: a participant in an action or process(行动或过程)参与者)

注:本段中,该词侧重于“参与研发投入的私营公司或个人”这层意思。

  (4) 加大研发投入 boost R&D spending(注意对比“3”中的类似表达)

5.所以我们要增加“全社会”这个口径下的研发投入 Hence our R&D spending increase needs to come from all stakeholders.

(1)本句采用“逆序翻译”的处理方法。

  (2) “我们”和“增加”分别进行了“名转形”和“动转名”处理。

 (3) “投入”也可以理解为“花费;开销spending/expenses”,所以“研发投入”可以处理为“R&D spending/expenses”。

  (4) “全社会”这个口径下:简言之,就是所有参与方(政府和社会力量)。

6.这就需要采用一些机制 This would require institutional arrangement in policy support

(1)官方这处理这一句时,将原句中的隐含信息显化。“采用一些机制”就是“在政策支持下进行制度安排”。 

7.比如今年我们采取对制造业研发费用投入加计扣除100%的措施 This year we will introduce the tax incentive of raising the extra tax deduction on the R&D expenses of manufacturing firms to 100 percent

(1)本句中的“比如”可以删除或保留。“比如”前的内容是“指导方针”,其后内容是“行动”,从行文来看,删除“比如”,行文表达会更精简。

(2)我们采取…措施:首先,从“...”内容来看,这是一项“税收激励”措施,所以译文增译了“tax incentive”,并在“of”后面说明具体内容。

(3)对…费用投入加计扣除x%: raise the extra tax deduction on… expenses /spending to x percent

注:加计扣除---按照税法规定,在实际发生数额的基础上,再加成一定比例,作为计算应纳税所得额时的扣除数额的一种税收优惠措施。比如,假定研发费用实行80%加计扣除政策,那么如果企业当年研发费用实际支出为100元,就可按180元数额在税前进行扣除。(from百度百科)

8. 这实际上是一项税收优惠,就是想通过市场化普惠制的办法,使企业投资研发有动力。This is a market-oriented and inclusive tax break measure aiming to keep companies driven to scale up inputs in research and development.

(1)这种“税减”政策本身就是一种优惠政策,所以译文并未刻意处理这层意思。

  (2) 市场化普惠制的办法 a market-oriented and inclusive tax break measure(“办法”在译文中具体化,即“减税办法”)

 (3) tax break = a special advantage or reduction in taxes that the government gives to particular people or organizations 赋税优惠;减税

(4)使企业投资研发有动力 = 使企业保持一种加大研发投入的冲劲 keep companies driven to scale up inputs in research and development.(“动力”处理成形容词“driven”,表明企业的一种状态)

注:driven=determined to succeed, and working very hard to do so 奋发努力的;发愤图强的

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编辑:Dennis

解析:Dennis

校对:Dennis

                                 声 明

1.本材料摘选自2021年ZL记者会内容,翻译解析为本人原创,仅供学习交流使用。

2.其他公众号转载本文请注明出处,严禁用于各种商业目的,违者必究!  

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