东南大学电气工程学院南京210096 摘要:永磁磁阻同步电机同时利用永磁转矩和磁阻转矩,具有功率密度高、调速范围宽和效率高等优点。文章利用有限元仿真法,对永磁磁阻同步电机输出转矩的构成进行了研究,分析了电机的材料成本,对比了混合永磁型和单一铁氧体永磁型拓扑结构的性能。结果表明,在同等转矩密度要求下,混合永磁型永磁磁阻同步电机的稀土永磁用量仅为传统稀土永磁同步电机的50%,电机材料成本可下降30%。在空间不受限的低性能应用场合,可采用铁氧体永磁型永磁磁阻同步电机,由于不使用稀土永磁材料,电机材料成本仅为传统稀土永磁同步电机的35%。 关键词:永磁磁阻同步电机混合永磁型单一永磁型材料成本 中图分类号:TM ??? Analysis and Study of the Material Costs and Performances for the Hybrid Permanent Magnet Synchronous Reluctance Motors Lin MingyaoKong YongJia Lun Shcool of Electrical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096 China AbstractThe Permanent Magnet Synchronous Reluctance Machine (PMSRM) has the advantages such as high power density, wide speed range and high efficiency, which benefits from the usage of both permanent magnet torque and reluctance torque. The components of the output torque are studied and the material costs are analyzed based on the Finite Elements Method. The performances of the hybrid permanent magnets topology and pure permanent magnet topology are compared. The results show that the volume of the rare earth and material costs for the hybrid permanent magnets PMSRM can be reduced 50% and 30% respectively compare to that of the traditional rare earth permanent magnet synchronous machine. The material costs of the PMSRM with pure ferrite is lower 75% than that of the traditional rare earth permanent magnet synchronous machine due to the absence of the rare earth. It can be adopted to the poor performance requirement application that is not restricted by the space. keywords:permanent magnet synchronous machine, hybrid permanent magnet, pure permanent magnet, material costs. ![]() 0 引言 稀土永磁型同步电机以其高功率密度和高效率的优秀性能,在诸如电动汽车驱动系统等高端应用领域得到了较好的应用[1]。大量使用稀土永磁材料使得稀土永磁型电机的材料成本居高不下,在对成本敏感的应用领域中推广受限[2]。稀土材料价格波动大,不利于电机制造企业进行长期的成本控制,进一步限制了稀土永磁型电机的推广[3]。 在探索降低电机材料成本的过程中,永磁磁阻同步电机因其低廉的材料成本和良好的性能得到了国内外研究机构和制造企业的广泛关注[4]。铁氧体永磁材料代替了稀土永磁材料,电机的材料成本得到了大幅度降低。美国得克萨斯州T&M大学的Hamid A. Toilyat课题组对一台三层磁障式铁氧体永磁型电机的磁障数量、位置和形状进行了研究,提出了用转子铁芯“绝缘率”的指标来指导该种电机的设计[5]。日本大阪大学的Shigeo Morimoto课题组通过研究永磁体用量,对永磁磁阻电机的效率和调速范围进行了优化设计[6]。意大利帕多瓦大学Bianchi Nicola课题组与澳大利亚阿德莱德大学Wen L. Soong课题组联合对多层磁障式永磁磁阻同步电机进行了研究,研究发现通过合理的选取永磁用量,可以使电机的功率密度、功率因数和调速范围得到优化[7]。东南大学林明耀教授课题组对磁障式永磁磁阻同步电机的不可逆退磁特性进行了研究,并提出了一种提高永磁磁阻同步电机抗不可逆退磁性能的转子结构[8],通过改进磁障形状和位置,提高了永磁磁阻同步电机的转矩密度[9]。上述研究均基于单一铁氧体永磁型电机展开,电机性能不能达到稀土永磁型的等级,且未见针对电机材料成本进行详细分析的报道。 本文对稀土永磁型、混合永磁型和铁氧体永磁型电机的材料成本进行了详细的分析,从电机平均输出转矩、转矩脉动和转矩构成的角度对比了三种电机的性能和材料成本,给出了三种电机的设计原则和适用场合。
3.1 平均输出转矩
3.2 转矩脉动![]() [1]C. C. Chan and K. T. Chau, 'An overview of power electronics in electric vehicles,' in IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 3-13, Feb 1997. [2]Gianmario Pellegrino, Thomas M. Jahns, Nicola Bianchi, Wen L. Soong and Francesco Cupertino. The rediscovery of synchronous reluctance and ferrite permanent magnet motors[M]. Springer, 2016.pp. 27-28. [3]A. Chiba et al., 'Torque Density and Efficiency Improvements of a Switched Reluctance Motor Without Rare-Earth Material for Hybrid Vehicles,' in IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 1240-1246, May-June 2011. [4]S. S. R. Bonthu, A. Arafat and S. Choi, 'Comparisons of Rare-Earth and Rare-Earth-Free External Rotor Permanent Magnet Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motors,' in IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 64, no. 12, pp. 9729-9738, Dec. 2017. [5]P. Niazi, H. A. Toliyat, D. H. Cheong and J. C. Kim, 'A Low-Cost and Efficient Permanent-Magnet-Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motor Drive,' in IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 542-550, March-april 2007. [6]S. Morimoto, M. Sanada and Y. Takeda, 'Performance of PM-assisted synchronous reluctance motor for high-efficiency and wide constant-power operation,' in IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 1234-1240, Sep/Oct 2001. [7]N. Bianchi, E. Fornasiero and W. Soong, 'Selection of PM Flux Linkage for Maximum Low-Speed Torque Rating in a PM-Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Machine,' in IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 51, no. 5, pp. 3600-3608, Sept.-Oct. 2015. [8]Y. Kong, M. Lin, M. Yin and L. Hao, 'Rotor Structure on Reducing Demagnetization of Magnetand Torque Ripple in a PMa-synRM with Ferrite Permanent Magnet,' in IEEE Transactions onMagnetics. [9]林明耀,孔永.一种高转矩密度永磁磁阻同步电机转子结构:中国,CN201610560404.5 [P],2016.09 |
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