|
头夹肌 splenius capitis
起点:项韧带下部第7颈椎和T1-3棘突 止点:颞骨乳突及枕骨上项线外侧1/3下方的部分 主要作用:双侧收缩时,使头颈伸直;单侧收缩时,使头颈向同侧侧屈和回旋 神经支配:颈神经后支
英文描述 Description Splenius capitis is a thick, flat muscle at the posterior aspect of the neck arising from the midline and extending superolaterally to the cervical vertebrae and, along with the splenius cervicis, comprise the superficial layer of intrinsic back muscles. 描述 头夹肌是颈部后方的一块厚而扁平的肌肉，起于中线，向上外侧延伸至颈椎，与颈夹肌一起构成了背部固有肌肉的表层。 In relation to its surrounding musculature, it sits: Deep to the trapezius Superficial to the semispinalis capitis and the longissimus capitis Forms the floor of the posterior neck triangle, positioned between the sternocleidomastoid and the trapezius 相对于周围的肌肉组织，它的位置是: 斜方肌深处 头半棘肌和头最长肌浅表 形成颈后三角的底部，位于胸锁乳突肌和斜方肌之间 Origin Lower half of ligamentum nuchae (C4-C6) and spinous process of C7-T3 起点 颈韧带下半部分(C4-C6)和C7-T3棘突 Insertion Superior nuchal line, mastoid process of temporal bone, and rough surface adjoining occipital bone 止点 上颈线，颞骨乳突，枕骨粗糙表面 Nerve and Supply Nerve: Lateral branches of the posterior rami of the middle and lower cervical spinal nerves.[1]Blood: Muscular branches of the occipital artery from the external carotid artery. 神经和血液供应 神经:中、下颈脊神经后支的侧支。血:颈外动脉的枕动脉肌肉支。 Action Splenius capitis assists in supporting the head in the erect position. 活动 头夹肌在头部直立位置协助支撑。 Acting bilaterally: extension of the head and cervical spine Acting unilaterally: lateral flexion of the head and neck and rotation the head to the same side (when working synergistically with sternocleidomastoid). 作用于双侧:头部和颈椎的伸展 单侧动作:头部和颈部的侧屈，头部旋转到同一侧(与胸锁乳突肌协同工作时)。 The muscle tightens with mandibular protrusive movement and in the wide opening movement of the lower jaw. 肌肉随着下颌的突出运动和下颌的大开口运动而收紧。 Synergists: splenius cervicis, semispinalis capitis, semispinalis cervicis, superior portion of trapezius. 协同肌:颈夹肌，头半棘肌，颈半棘肌，斜方肌上部。 Physiotherapy Dysfunction of splenius capitis may be found in those with mechanical chronic neck pain or whiplash disorders. In people with neck pain there may also be overactivity of superficial muscles, splenius capitis and inhibition of Semispinalis Cervicis. Effective management of this condition should include exercises that focus on activating Semispinalis Cervicis, as well as stretching and myofascial release of the splenius capitis. 物理治疗 头夹肌功能障碍可见于机械性慢性颈痛或颈部扭伤障碍。有颈部疼痛的人也可能有浅表肌肉的过度活动，头夹肌和半棘肌的抑制。对这种情况的有效治疗应包括着重于激活半棘肌的运动，以及头夹肌的伸展和肌筋膜释放。 The most common cause of muscle tension headache (MTH) results from inflammatory changes at the site of muscular attachment on the occipital ridge. In the adult, this occurs most often at the attachment of the Splenius Capitis Muscles causing Splenius Capitis Muscle Syndrome. This is a very painful and commonly occurring syndrome. It typically mimics the respective pain reference patterns of temporal tendinitis and migraine headache. The painful headache starts at the lateral margin of the superior nuchal line and medial to the mastoid process. As inflammation develops, entrapment and irritation of Greater Occipital Nerve results. The onset of pain is often caused by eg motor vehicular trauma, blunt trauma, falls. The most frequent cause is postural, from prolonged periods of keeping the head in a downward, rotated and forward position. The muscle tension results in micro trauma to the muscular attachment, swelling ensues, and myalgia/neuralgia result. . 肌紧张性头痛(MTH)最常见的原因是枕骨脊肌肉附着部位的炎症改变。在成人中，这通常发生在头夹肌的附着处，引起头夹肌综合征。这是一种非常痛苦和常见的综合征。它典型地模仿了颞腱炎和偏头痛各自的疼痛参考模式。头痛始于颈上线外侧缘和乳突内侧。随着炎症的发展，枕大神经受到压迫和刺激。疼痛的发作通常是由机动车创伤、钝器创伤、跌倒等引起的。最常见的原因是体位性的，因为长时间保持头部向下、旋转和向前的姿势。肌肉紧张导致肌肉附着物的微小创伤，随之出现肿胀，并导致肌痛/神经痛。 |
|
|
