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本期编辑/开鸿顺 油漆做为木门工厂加工的后期工艺，它的优劣直接影响着最后的使用效果。同时油漆成本也是木门成本上最大的部分之一。油漆的种类大致分为酚醛漆、醇酸漆、聚氨脂漆、硝基漆、聚脂漆(PE漆)及PU漆。其中酚醛漆和醇酸漆由于漆膜质感及附着力差，基本在装修中淘汰，大量使用的是硝基漆、聚脂漆及PU漆。 As the late processing technology of wooden door factory, the quality of paint directly affects the final use effect. At the same time, the cost of painting is also one of the largest parts of the cost of wooden doors. The types of paint are generally divided into phenolic paint, alkyd paint, polyurethane paint, nitro paint, polyester paint (PE paint) and PU paint.
硝基漆由于施工比较简单、适合手工操作，被大多数手工装饰要木做使用，便其漆膜薄，手感不好，效果不理想。PU漆的优点是易打磨，加工过程省时省力，缺点是漆膜软，轻微磕碰极易产生白影凹痕。如果在漆层中至少有一层是PE漆，就会大大减低这种可能。 Nitrocellulose paint is relatively simple in construction and suitable for manual operation. It is used by most of the manual decoration, but its paint film is thin, the feel is not good, and the effect is not ideal. PU paint has the advantages of easy polishing, time-saving and labor-saving processing. PE漆(聚酯漆)的优点是漆膜硬，遮盖力强，透明度好，能更好地表现木皮纹理，缺点是难于打磨，加工过程费时费力，绝大多数厂家不愿意采用PE涂层。目前市场上90%的套装木门使用聚脂漆，少数厂家采用PU漆。 PE paint (polyester paint) has the advantages of hard film, strong covering power, good transparency, and better performance of wood skin texture. The disadvantages are that it is difficult to polish, and the processing process is time-consuming and laborious. Most manufacturers are unwilling to use PE coating.
一般来说，聚脂漆和PU漆都要经过找色，三底两面等六道工序，有些品牌增加固化和施蜡工艺。由于成本(硝基漆8 15元/公斤，聚脂漆18 28元/公斤，PU漆43 65元/公斤)、加工手段及设备的问题，目前市场上90%的套装木门使用聚脂漆，少数厂家采用PU漆。 Generally speaking, polyester paint and PU paint have to go through six processes, including color finding, three bottoms and two sides. Some brands have added curing and waxing processes. Due to the cost (nitrocellulose paint 815 yuan/kg, polyester paint 1828 yuan/kg, PU paint 4365 yuan/kg). 一般来说，聚脂漆和PU漆都要经过找色，三底两面等六道工序，有些品牌增加固化和施蜡工艺。 Generally speaking, polyester paint and PU paint have to go through six processes, including color finding, three bottoms and two sides. Some brands have added curing and waxing processes.
油漆的选择应注意8点 1、物理性能：PU开放式漆由于漆膜相对较薄，所以许多油漆生产厂家和使用厂家并不重视其物理性能，如：冲击、硬度和柔韧性。柔韧性好的油漆经冷热循环后漆膜不易开裂，即使有轻微的碰撞，油漆也不易破损，相反则容易出现以上问题。开放式的油漆如要兼顾到柔韧性及抗冲击性，得选用较好的材料，一些低价位的油漆厂为了追求低成本会选用一些较差的材料，其油漆性能自然就达不到要求。 1. Physical properties: Due to the relatively thin film of PU open paint, many paint manufacturers and users do not pay attention to its physical properties, such as impact, hardness and flexibility. The paint film with good flexibility is not easy to crack after cold and hot cycles. Even if there is a slight collision, the paint is not easy to be damaged. 2、干燥性能：开放式产品的工序较多，对于工厂来说，每道工序之间的时间越短越好，所以油漆的干燥性能就显得很重要。对于油漆厂家来说，提高普通开放式油漆的干性并不难，但对于有耐黄变要求的漆，干性相对要难，特别是顶级耐黄变开放式漆。 2. Drying performance: open products have many processes. For factories, the shorter the time between each process is, the better. Therefore, the drying performance of paint is very important. It is not difficult for paint manufacturers to improve the dryness of ordinary open paint...
3、耐黄性：对于透明彩色及黑色的产品可选用普通开放式油漆，但对于浅色、本色及白色产品则要选用耐黄变的产品。对于要求较高的产品一定要选用顶级耐黄变漆，顶级耐黄变产品目前市面上很少有厂家做得好，因为干性与耐黄性较难达到均衡。 3. Yellowing resistance: For transparent color and black products, common open paint can be selected, but for light color, natural color and white products, yellowing resistance products should be selected. For products with higher requirements, top yellowing resistant paint must be selected. 4、清晰度：透明类产品的透明度要高，因欧美风格产品特别讲究木材纹理的清晰，对油漆的透明度要求较高。这里说的清晰度并不是指底漆是否含粉或含粉料多少，而是指油漆本身原材料的相溶性，相溶性差的产品，其油漆外观都是透明的，但漆膜干透后，油漆出现发朦不清晰的现象。 4. Clarity: The transparency of transparent products should be high. Because European and American style products pay special attention to the clarity of wood texture, they have higher requirements for the transparency of paint. The definition here does not refer to whether the primer contains powder or how much powder it contains.
5、渗透性：开放式油漆由于要求导管内和木门表面都要有一样的漆膜，故油漆的渗透性、润湿性就决定了整个开放板面的效果。如果润湿性差，则施工时导管很难流进油漆，导管周围会出现油漆堆集，使导管显得很肥厚，自然无法得到满意的开放效果。 5. Permeability: open paint requires the same paint film inside the conduit and on the surface of the wooden door, so the permeability and wettability of the paint determine the effect of the entire open panel. If the wettability is poor, it is difficult for the conduit to flow into the paint during construction. 6、施工性：好的开放式油漆应可按正常普通全封闭的产品喷涂方法进行施工，施工人员的喷涂习惯不需要做调整，而且如有返工，经返工后毛眼也不应填死。 6. Constructability: good open paint can be applied according to the normal full-closed product spraying method. The spraying habits of the construction personnel do not need to be adjusted, and if there is rework, the pores after rework should not be filled.
7、格丽斯：格丽斯是开放式产品中常用到的辅助产品，它可增加产品木纹的清晰度，调节产品的层次感，许多厂家生产的格丽斯属于NC系列，用于PU开放式产品的色，常会出现漆层脱落、发霉等现象，因此PU开放式应选用配套的PU格丽斯产品，但是PU格丽斯技术含量很高，只有很少的油漆厂家能提供真正的PU格丽斯，木门厂家选用时应特别注意这一点。 7. Grace: Grace is a commonly used auxiliary product in open products. It can increase the clarity of product grain and adjust the layering of products. Grace produced by many manufacturers belongs to the NC series, which is used for the color of PU open products. There are often phenomena such as paint peeling and mildew.
8、色精：常用的着色剂，虽然较常用，但如果选用的色精不正确，则可能会有以下问题：①是否环保(重金属的含量是否超标);②耐光性能：每个厂家的色精产品耐光性都不同，同样的颜色有的耐光性有很大的区别。有的色精见光极易分解，这就是说原来的颜色会随着时间的推移慢慢消失，颜色会越来越淡。这就是为什么有的产品会与标准板的色差越来越大的原因，所以色精最好选正规油漆厂家配套产品。 8. Chromatin: common colorants, although more commonly used, if the selected color essence is incorrect, the following problems may occur: ① whether it is environmentally friendly (whether the content of heavy metals exceeds the standard); ② Light fastness: The light fastness of color essence products from each manufacturer is different, and the light fastness of some of the same colors is very different... |
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