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中国的网文在海外越来越火，究其本因，因为欧美社会阶级早已固化，教育等关键资源掌握在少数人手中，穷人的孩子从出生基本就已经输在了起跑线。如果不靠基因突变，很难通过努力达到阶级的提升。 年轻人越来越沮丧，越来越颓唐，现实世界无法满足的东西，自然就会寄希望于通过虚幻的文章来满足，而中国的爽文恰好满足了他们的这一迫切需求，自然也就能够大行其道，越来越火。在美版知乎Quora上，美国网友提问道：为什么中国的网文这么牛，吸引力这么强？这引起各国网友的热议，我们看看他们的观点。  问题  海外网友伊什万特的回答 A news report vividly illustrates the addiction of Chinese online novels: an American man claims that reading Chinese online novels can cure his drug addiction. After six months of reading Chinese fantasy novels, he finally gave up cocaine. Internet novels seem to be as addictive as drugs, but the only difference is that they will not harm your health (except your eyesight). Chinese online fiction writers know very well how to constantly attract readers. 一篇新闻报道生动地说明了中国网络小说的成瘾性：一名美国男子声称，阅读中国网络小说可以治愈他的毒瘾。在读了六个月的中国奇幻小说后，他终于戒掉了可卡因。网络小说似乎和毒品一样容易上瘾，但唯一的区别是它们不会损害你的健康（除了你的视力）。中国网络小说作家非常了解如何不断吸引读者。 Generally speaking, network novels can be divided into three stages. 大致来说，网络小说可以分为三个阶段。 1) The vulnerable and powerless stage of the protagonist: 1）主角的脆弱和无力阶段： A typical online novel usually features a young man who experiences a tragedy, such as being rejected by a clan/sect; For example, at the beginning of Breaking the Sky, the hero Xiao Yan suddenly lost everything - his strength, reputation and commitment to his mother. His fiancee laughed at him and broke their original engagement. 一部典型的网络小说通常以一位经历悲剧的年轻男性为主角，比如被一个氏族/教派排斥；例如，在《斗破苍穹》一书的开头，主人公萧炎突然失去了一切——他的力量、名誉和对母亲的承诺。他的未婚妻嘲笑他，解除了他们最初的婚约。  2) Training and learning stages: 2） 修炼和学习阶段： As the story unfolds, the protagonist often tries to learn several powerful witchcraft. Sometimes, the protagonist will train secretly and wait patiently until he has a chance to show his skills, which will surprise those who initially look down on him. Again, Xiao Yan met Yaolao (a powerful alchemist), who promised to teach him alchemy and martial arts. They went to training together. During this time, Xiao Yan managed to absorb the flame of the earth's lotus flower and got a seven color snake (like Medusa) as a pet. 随着故事的展开，主角经常尝试学习几种强大的巫术。有时，主角会秘密训练，耐心等待，直到有机会展示自己的技能，让那些最初看不起他的人大吃一惊。再次，萧炎遇到了姚老（一位强大的炼金术士），他答应教他炼金和武术。他们一起去训练，在这段时间里，萧炎设法吸收了地心莲花火焰，并得到了一条七色蛇（像美杜莎）作为宠物。 3) Revenge stage: 3） 复仇阶段： At the end of the story, the protagonist appears as a powerful martial artist, and few people can match him. He used his ability to retaliate. 在故事的结尾，主角以一个强大的武师的身份出现，很少有人能与之匹敌。他利用自己的能力进行报复。  Readers are addicted to these online novels because it is easy to get into the plot on a personal level, see and feel how powerless the protagonists are, and the tragedy they have experienced. Readers can also expect to see how the protagonist slowly becomes more powerful to achieve its goals. 读者沉迷于这些网络小说，因为很容易在个人层面上代入剧情，看到并感受到主角是多么的无力，以及他们所经历的悲剧。读者还可以期待看到主角是如何慢慢变得更强大以实现其目标的。 The classic hook of online novels is called playing a pig to eat a tiger, which literally means 'pretending to be a pig to eat a tiger'. This means keeping a low profile to achieve ambitious goals. In order to illustrate this seemingly strange narrative style, just think of those top students who pretend that they have not studied, and the exam results are always among the best. In Chinese online novels, the protagonist sometimes deliberately keeps a low profile and is always looked down upon by his opponents. When the protagonist succeeds in something impossible, he will always face his arrogant opponent. 网络小说的经典钩子叫做扮猪吃老虎, 字面意思是“假装成猪捕食老虎”。这意味着保持低调，以实现远大抱负。为了说明这种看似奇怪的叙事方式，只要想想那些假装自己没有学习的优等生，考试结果总是名列前茅。在中国网络小说中，主角有时刻意保持低调，并且总被对手看不起。当主角成功做到一些不可能的事情时，它总是会打脸傲慢的对手。 The plot of revenge is another main reason why Chinese novels are popular among western readers. In western superhero cartoons, the protagonists usually have a kind heart like gold to forgive everyone, while in Chinese novels, the protagonists have their own 'villain' period and never mind revenge. 复仇情节是中国小说在西方读者中流行的另一个主要原因。在西方超级英雄漫画中，主角们通常都有一颗金子般仁爱的心，原谅所有人，而在中国的小说中，主角们则有自己的“坏蛋”时期，从不介意复仇。  复仇文的鼻祖 Some readers have also observed that online novels are closer to real life than western superhero cartoons. In real life, good and evil cannot be easily defined. In this sense, network novels are more like what people experience in life. You really can't think that any MC protagonists are pure good people, because they will do bad things, such as killing their relatives and lovers. 一些读者还观察到，网络小说比西方超级英雄漫画更接近现实生活。在现实生活中，善与恶无法轻易定义。从这个意义上讲，网络小说更像是人们在生活中所经历的。你真的不能认为任何MC主角都是纯粹的好人，因为他们会做坏事，比如为自己的亲人和爱人大杀四方。  日本网友Ayden Ye的回答 I am Japanese, and I have read Chinese online novels for about five years. I carefully observed the development of the online novel industry, read more than 1000 novels, and spent about 2000 hours in total. I am also a cartoon fan. I have watched anime for about 4 years. I can tell you that as you read more and more, you will understand that Chinese online novels are mainly rubbish. Yes, some things can make you cry, but most of them are just repeated adjectives and stories. As far as I know, there are about hundreds of online novel types in China, and usually only the first few are good. 我是日本人，我读过大约五年的中国网络小说。我仔细地观察了网络小说行业的发展，看了一千多部小说，总共花了大约2000个小时。我同时也是动漫迷。我已经看了大约4年的动漫。我可以告诉你，随着你看得越来越多，你会明白中国网络小说主要是垃圾。是的，有些东西能让你热泪盈眶，但大部分只是重复的形容词和故事情节。据我个人所知，中国网络小说类型大约有上百种，通常只有前几种很好。 I just want to talk about some common problems in Chinese online novels. 我只想谈谈中国网络小说中普遍存在的一些问题。 1. Racism+incorrect political influence. 1.种族主义+不正确的政治影响。 In any network novel, a very common factor related to modern society includes some factors, no matter what type. Anti Japanese/ideas and racism of any western country. Because of the Japanese aggression during the Second World War and some conflicts between China and the United States in the past, as far as I know, most Chinese people have negative feelings towards Japanese and white people. It is obvious from the author's poor writing that all Japanese have the dream of invading China. All beautiful Japanese women either behave like women or become part of the protagonist's harem. Almost all Japanese men are described as insidious and narrow-minded. 在任何网络小说中，与现代社会有关的一个非常普遍的因素包括一些因素，无论是哪种类型。反日/任何西方国家的思想和种族主义。由于第二次世界大战期间发生的日本侵略和过去中美之间发生的一些冲突，据我所知，大多数中国人对日本人和西方人怀有负面情绪。从作者糟糕的写作中可以明显看出，所有日本人都有侵略中国的妄想，所有漂亮的日本女性要么表现得不像女人，要么成为主角后宫的一部分。几乎所有的日本男性都被描述成性格阴险，气量狭隘的人。 2. Gender discrimination and R18 scenarios. 2.性别歧视和R18场景。 Chinese online novels like to use R18 scenes very much. Good writers can take it as a tool for the protagonist to develop in life; Ordinary writers will use it as a self satisfaction without a girlfriend in real life, giving the protagonist a huge harem. Most of the time, these scenes are not only annoying, but also make the novel seem unprofessional and bad. 中国网络小说非常喜欢使用R18场景。好的作家可以把它作为主角在生活中发展的工具；一般的作家都会用它作为在现实生活中没有女朋友的自我满足，给主角一个巨大的后宫。在大多数时候，这些场景不仅令人讨厌，而且使小说显得不专业和糟糕。  3. Lack of professionalism 3.缺乏专业精神 I can say that 99% of Chinese online novel writers are not professional in writing novels; In fact, they should not be professional. In China, anyone from primary school students to professional writers can write Chinese online novels at any time and publish them on their favorite websites. It directly leads to a crazy decline in the quality, thinking and theme behind these stories. According to my experience, I have been unable to find an interesting novel for about half a year, because the quality of most novels is very poor. 我可以说，99%的中国网络小说作家写小说并不专业；事实上，他们不应该是专业的。在中国，从小学生到专业作家，任何人都可以随时编写中文网络小说，并将其发布到自己喜欢的网站上。它直接导致这些故事背后的质量、思维和主题疯狂下降。根据我的经验，大约半年以来，我一直没能找到一本有趣的小说，因为大多数小说的质量都很差。 In addition, authors can write as they wish. One hundred percent of online novels do not have perfect performance, because readers and authors cannot complete thousands of chapters of perfect writing. Chinese online novels are usually updated every day. The way Chinese online novels are updated determines that they can never be compared with Japanese and British novels that have more time to think and proofread stories. 此外，作者可以随心所欲地写作，百分之一百的网络小说没有完美的表现，因为读者和作者不可能完成数千章的完美写作。中国网络小说的更新频率通常是每天。中国网络小说的更新方式决定了它永远无法与有更多时间思考和校对故事的日本和英国小说相比。 4. Overcrowded stories and useless space 4.过度拥挤的故事和无用的篇幅 Unlike novels anywhere outside China, the number of chapters in Chinese online novels has risen from hundreds to about a million. I have read many novels, many of which have more than 5000 chapters. Almost every Chinese reader does not know what he has read in the past few minutes, because the way we read a large number of chapters is to let our brain automatically skip useless or partial stories. It directly causes people to forget the names of characters and even the details of previous stories. 与中国以外任何地方的小说不同，中国网络小说的章节数从数百篇涨到约百万篇。我读过许多小说，其中很多有5000多章。几乎每个中国读者都不清楚自己在过去几分钟里读的什么，因为我们阅读大量章节的方式是让我们的大脑自动跳过无用的或部分故事。它直接导致人们忘记了人物的名字，甚至是之前故事的细节。 5. Why not read something else? 5.为什么不读点别的呢？ Literally speaking, once you go deep into Chinese online novels, you will eventually reach a boring point. My suggestion is to read all the readable novels and give up the rest. There is no need to waste time on unreadable rubbish. Yes, Chinese online novels have some characteristics, which are their uniqueness in background and story style, but any other novels and stories have their own uniqueness. Why don't you try some good anime instead of spending hundreds of hours looking for Chinese online novels? It makes no sense. The only reason why Chinese online novels are popular in western society is that they are different from others. There are many cool points that cater to Westerners. 从字面上讲，一旦你深入研究中国网络小说，你最终会达到一个乏味的地步。我的建议是阅读所有可读的小说，放弃其余的，没有必要把时间浪费在不可读的垃圾上。是的，中国网络小说有一些特色，这就是它在背景和故事风格上的独特性，但其他任何小说和故事都有自己的独特性。为什么你不试试看一些好的动漫，而不是花几百个小时去寻找中国的网络小说呢？这毫无意义。中国网络小说在西方社会流行的唯一原因是它与众不同，有许多迎合西方人的爽点。  马来西亚网友古娜宛的回答 First of all, I want to clarify some rumors about Chinese online novels. In Chinese online novels, there are some literary works of Jack Su, including immortal heroes or fantasy novels, in which the hero has upgraded from an ordinary person with mediocre qualifications to fighting against various villains, and has always achieved great success and married several beautiful wives. This is by no means the reason why I like Chinese online novels. 首先，我想澄清一些关于中国网络小说的谣传。在中国网络小说中，有一些杰克·苏文学作品，包括不朽的英雄或奇幻小说，其中的英雄从一个资质平庸的普通人升级到与各种恶棍作战，并总是取得巨大成功，娶了几个漂亮的妻子。这绝不是我喜欢中国网络小说的原因。 In fact, Chinese online novels are very diverse. There are many types of Chinese online novels: urban novels, immortal heroes, historical works, science fiction, realistic novels and light novels. 事实上，中国的网络小说非常多样化。中国网络小说有很多类型：都市小说、不朽英雄、历史作品、科幻小说、现实小说和轻小说。  If we trace back to the source, we will be surprised to find that Chinese online novels are the inheritance of Chinese mystery novels, legendary novels, storytelling novels, classical dream novels of the Ming and Qing dynasties, mandarin ducks and butterflies school, and popular novels of Hong Kong and Taiwan. However, in the past few decades, it has had a broader vision, and has grafted Japanese animation, British and American fantasy films, European and Japanese detective stories and other foreign elements. 如果追根溯源，我们会惊讶地发现，中国网络小说是对中国神秘小说、传奇小说、说书小说、明清古典梦幻小说、鸳鸯蝴蝶派和香港、台湾通俗小说的继承。然而，在过去的几十年里，它有了更广阔的视野，嫁接了日本动画、英国和美国奇幻电影、欧洲和日本侦探小说以及其他外国元素。  In addition, Chinese network novels also have novel imaginative themes. Different from traditional Chinese literary works in the past, Chinese online novels are more down-to-earth and unique, and have some interesting and popular themes. 除此之外，中国网络小说还具有新颖的想象题材。与过去的中国传统文学作品不同，中国网络小说更为脚踏实地和独特，并且有一些有趣和流行的主题。 First, infinite flow. This kind of novel usually describes a story in which the protagonist is summoned to some supernatural force, accepts tasks in the main god space, and then continuously enters various worlds to complete tasks. 首先，无限流。这类小说通常描述一个故事，主角被召唤到某种超自然力量，在主神空间接受任务，然后不断进入各个世界完成任务。 Second, female dominated novels. The plot of this kind of novel is based on the growth process and relationship of the heroine. According to some reports, female dominated novels are becoming more and more popular in France, because some French think: 'Aha! It turns out that women are not just supporting role, they can control their own destiny.' 第二，女性主导的小说。这类小说的情节基于女主角的成长过程和关系。根据一些报道，女性主导的小说在法国越来越受欢迎，因为一些法国人认为：“啊哈！原来女性不仅仅是配角，她们可以主宰自己的命运。” Third, the superpower. It refers to a theme in which the protagonist has some special abilities beyond ordinary people. Generally speaking, special abilities are acquired mainly through natural possession, awakening and encountering special events. 第三，超级大国。它指的是一个主题，其中主角拥有一些超出常人的特殊能力。一般来说，特殊能力主要通过自然占有、觉醒和遭遇特殊事件获得。 Fourth, anti pattern novels. It breaks the original patterns in Chinese online novels (such as Mary Sue and Jack Sue), makes the plot develop in an unexpected direction, and even makes fun of those traditional patterns. 第四，反模式小说。它打破了中国网络小说（如《玛丽·苏》和《杰克·苏》）中存在的原有模式，使其情节朝着一个意想不到的方向发展，甚至取笑那些传统模式。 With the improvement of Chinese network literature, it has even gradually become the knowledge learning portal of Chinese Generation Z. Some Chinese readers say that because they have read online novels, they may enter an unfamiliar field. For example, after reading 'The sideburns are not crabapple red', some readers read many popular science books and the biography of the older generation singing Peking Opera. After reading online novels about criminal investigation, some readers read many books about criminal investigation technology and crime research. In addition, more and more readers begin to discuss the 'core knowledge' involved in online novels in the comment area. For example, many readers enthusiastically discuss radio knowledge in the novel We Live in Nanjing. 随着中国网络文学的完善，它甚至逐渐成为中国Z世代的知识学习入口。一些中国读者表示，由于他们读过网络小说，他们可能会进入一个陌生的领域。例如，在读了《鬓边不是海棠红》之后，一些读者去读了很多科普书和老一辈唱京剧的传记。在阅读了有关刑事调查的网络小说后，一些读者阅读了许多有关刑事调查技术和犯罪研究的书籍。此外，越来越多的读者开始在评论区讨论网络小说中涉及的“核心知识”。例如，许多读者在小说《我们住在南京》中热烈讨论无线电知识。 More importantly, Chinese online novels and Chinese films and series are also a process of mutual investment. On the one hand, excellent and popular online novels will be adapted into movies or TV dramas and put on the screen. In recent years, many popular TV dramas in China have originated from online novels. On the other hand, when some excellent film and television works resonate with the audience, derivative literature is born in this way. 更重要的是，中国网络小说和中国电影和系列也是一个相互投入的过程。一方面，优秀和受欢迎的网络小说将被改编成电影或电视剧并搬上银幕。近年来，中国的许多热门电视剧都源自网络小说。另一方面，当一些优秀的影视作品引起观众共鸣时，衍生文学就是这样诞生的。 As the name implies, derivative novels use familiar characters in popular works to write other branch stories, which have nothing to do with the stories in the original book. Just as some people are used to publishing derivative works on AO3, we Chinese like to publish them on loft. The main difference is that lofter is profitable. It contains pictures and text content. 顾名思义，衍生小说使用通俗作品中熟悉的人物来撰写其他分支故事，而这些分支故事与原著中的故事无关。就像有些人习惯于在AO3上发布衍生作品一样，我们中国人喜欢在loft上发布它们。主要区别在于lofter是有利可图的，它包含图片和文本内容。  美国网友瑞纳·斯图尔特的回答 First, let's talk about the popular online novels on some English websites, such as Wuxiaworld. 首先，让我们来谈谈在一些英语网站如Wuxiaaworld上流行的网络小说。 Those novels are very popular among people of different ages. If you take a bus or train, you may notice that there are always several people reading some text on the mobile phone screen, and they may be reading online novels. 那些小说在不同年龄的人中很受欢迎。如果你坐公共汽车或火车，你可能会注意到总有几个人在手机屏幕上读一些文字，他们可能正在阅读网络小说。 In the early years, online novels were only popular among adolescents. Most books were originally serialized in some forums. At that time, the Internet was not so popular. Mobile phones are not smart. Readers download these texts from the forums and share them with friends through USB drives or MP3 players. Later, some websites such as 'Starting Point' provided a business platform for the author. 早些年，网络小说只在青春期的青少年中流行。大多数书最初在一些论坛上连载。当时，互联网还没那么普及。手机并不智能，读者从论坛下载了这些文本，并通过USB驱动器或mp3播放器与朋友分享。后来一些网站如“起点”为作者提供商业平台。 People regard them as 'fast food' books. Most of them are not as 'nutritious' as serious books, but they meet the needs of many readers, make people relax and feel a little excited from the plot. 人们把它们看作是“快餐”书。它们中的大多数都不像严肃的书那样“营养丰富”，但它们满足了很多读者的需求，让人们放松下来，并从情节中感到些许兴奋。 A common pattern is revenge. For example, the MC protagonist was initially bullied by an arrogant bully. Then one day, the MC lead counterattacked and humiliated him in public for the sake of getting rid of his former shame. Of course, there are other 'highlights' (cool points) of 'advanced cool articles'. 一种常见的模式是复仇。例如，MC主角起初被一个傲慢的恶霸欺负。然后有一天，MC主角逆袭，为了一雪前耻而当众羞辱了他。当然还有其他“亮点”(爽点) 的“高级爽文”。 Over the years, people have discovered its commercial value. Some have been adapted into dramas, animes or video games. Top writers became very rich. Some writers even became university lecturers. Of course, some novice writers can only meet the basic needs of food and clothing. 这些年，人们发现了它的商业价值。有些已经被改编成戏剧、动漫或电子游戏。顶级作家变得非常富有。一些作家甚至成为大学讲师。当然，一些新手作者只能满足基本的温饱。 Wuxia is a bigger topic. Wu means martial arts. Xia means just people, such as Marvel's superhero. Compared with today's online novels, martial arts novels are more 'traditional'. They are more printed as paper books sold by bookstores, while online novels are usually published in digital form. Wuxia has some fantastic scenes, such as internal power, which is like a magical energy in the human body. Some settings even exaggerate the effect of some traditional Chinese medicine treatments. 武侠是一个更大的话题。武的意思是武术。夏的意思是正义的人，比如漫威的超级英雄。与今天的网络小说相比，武侠小说更为“传统”。它们更多地被印刷成书店出售的纸质书，而网络小说通常以数字形式出版。武侠有一些奇幻的场景，比如内力, 这就像人体内的一种神奇能量，有些设置甚至夸大了某些中药治疗的效果。 Xianxia is mainly a category of online novels. Compared with traditional martial arts stories, its setting is more exaggerated and fantastic. Most fairy tales are about the cultivation of immortals by ordinary people. This is the result of the traditional cultivation of Taoism. Taoists believe that human beings can train themselves to become immortal people and then fly to heaven. 仙侠主要是网络小说的一个类别。与传统武侠故事相比，它的设定更加夸张和奇幻。大多数仙侠小说都是关于凡人修仙的。这是道教传统修炼的结果。道士们相信人类可以训练自己成为不朽的人，然后飞向天堂。 Jin Yong is the most famous writer of martial arts novels. He died a few years ago at the age of 94. Compared with today's network novels, his works have mature writing skills and deeper themes. They are closer to serious literature. 金庸是武侠小说最著名的作家。他于几年前去世，享年94岁。与当今的网络小说相比，他的作品有着成熟的写作技巧和更深层次的主题。它们更接近严肃文学。 For more than half a century, Jin Yong's works have been popular among all Chinese on the planet. Today's young writers are more or less influenced by his works. 半个多世纪以来，金庸的作品一直在这个星球上的所有中国人中流行。今天的年轻作家或多或少受到他的作品的影响。 As far as I am concerned, after getting tired of reading comics, I began to contact online novels. I still read comics, but I don't read so much anymore. 就我自己而言，在厌倦了阅读漫画之后，我开始接触网络小说，我仍然看漫画，只是不再看那么多了。 I read Chinese online novels only because after reading Japanese online novels, I can't adapt to them, because I am used to reading Japanese comics. However, the reason why I like reading them is that compared with Japanese online novels and cartoons, the plot and story of Chinese online novels are completely different. 我读中国网络小说，只是因为在读了日本网络小说之后，我无法适应它，因为我已经习惯了阅读日本漫画。不过，我喜欢阅读它们的原因是，与日本类型的网络小说和漫画相比，中国网络小说的情节和故事完全不同。 Chinese online novels are usually martial arts (is this too general?) They were in ancient places to cultivate strength for future battles. It can stimulate adrenaline more, which is more to my taste (maybe I'm sick, or I don't like the fluffy romance in the Japanese comics I've read?). 中国网络小说通常是武侠类型的（这是不是太笼统了？）他们在古代的地方，为以后的战斗培养力量。这更能刺激肾上腺素，更符合我的口味（也许我生病了，或者我不再喜欢读过的日本漫画中的那种毛茸茸的浪漫？）。 I have been trying to read online novels in China (and other countries) on novel updates. Some Chinese online novels I have read include: 我一直尝试在小说更新上阅读中国（和其他国家）的网络小说。我读过的一些中文网络小说包括： God Killer, Lingtian Legend, Nine Tripods, the strongest sword god, predestined marriage, ghost like masked prince Xiao: indulging and doting on lovely little princess, gifted doctor: black lady, charming ghost doctor. So far, my collection list is very long, which is not even half of what I follow. 弑神者、凌天传奇、九鼎记、最强剑神、命中注定的婚姻、幽灵般的面具王子萧：纵容和宠爱可爱的小公主、天才医生：腹黑小姐、迷人的幽灵医生，到此为止，我收藏的列表很长，这甚至不及我follow的一半。 |
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