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文言文是凝聚了中国上下五千年的智慧,是文化瑰宝。学习文言文,继承吸收中华文化中优秀的部分,取其精华,才有所谓的民族底蕴的传承,以及弘扬本民族的文化。文言文也是一门艺术，一门需要有足够门槛才能欣赏的艺术，每一个文言文表达的背后，都是一长串的典故和意境，就像西方美术史里的各种主义一样。在海外问答论坛Quora上，美国网友提问道：为什么中国学生在高中仍然需要学习文言文？学习它们有什么好处？我们看看各国网友的观点。   中国网友刘若愚的回答 Because they are called classical Chinese - like Shakespeare's masterpieces, the value of classics will not change with time. The purpose of the promotion of vernacular Chinese and the opposition to classical Chinese at the beginning of the 20th century is to enable people with little education to read texts, articles and books, but these Chinese scholars are not opposed to the great works of classical Chinese itself. 因为它们被称为文言文——就像莎士比亚的杰作一样，经典的价值不会随着时间而改变。白话文的推广和 20世纪初反对文言文的目的是让没有受过多少教育的人能够阅读文本、文章和书籍，但这些中国学者并不反对文言文本身的伟大作品。 In addition, classical Chinese education is not only practical and beneficial, it is the link between the past and the present. If someone really asks me what is the meaning of learning classical Chinese, my answer is to be a more interesting person. 此外，文言文教育不仅仅是实用和有益的，它是联系过去和现在的纽带。如果有人真的问我学习文言文有什么意义，我的答案是——做一个更有趣的人。 My wife is from Guangdong Province. I met her when I was studying in Guangzhou. Geographically, my birthplace (Shaanxi Province) is 2200 kilometers away from her. In terms of language, we can even speak different languages - she and her parents speak Cantonese, and I speak Shaanxi dialect at home, but we all speak standard Mandarin. 我妻子来自广东省，我在广州读书时认识了她。在地理位置上，我的出生地（陕西省）距离她的2200公里。在语言方面，我们甚至会说不同的语言——她和她的父母说广东话，我在家说陕西话，但我们都会说标准普通话。 One year, I took her on a trip to my hometown. She was very excited because Xi'an is famous for its many cultural heritages. We visited Huaqing Pool, the hot spring group at the foot of Lishan Mountain, and it is also famous for the romantic scene between Emperor Xuanzong and his wife, Yang Guifei. When we strolled in Huaqingchi, I began to recite 'Song of Eternal Regret', one of the greatest poems we learned in high school. 有一年，我带她去我的家乡旅行，她非常兴奋，因为西安以许多文化遗产而闻名。我们参观了华清池, 骊山脚下的温泉群，也是因唐玄宗与他的妻子杨贵妃的浪漫场景而闻名的地方。当我们在华清池闲逛时，我开始背诵《长恨歌》, 我们在高中学过的最伟大的诗歌之一。  “春寒赐浴华清池”（She was given a bath in Huaqing Pool on a cold day in spring） “春寒赐浴华清池”（她被御赐在春天寒冷的一天在华清池洗澡），我说。 She continued with a smile: '温泉水滑洗凝脂' (use warm spring water to wash her creamy skin) 她微笑着继续说道：“温泉水滑洗凝脂”（用温热的泉水清洗她奶油般的皮肤） Then, when we read the last part (Tang poetry), we recited the whole poem sentence by sentence: 然后，当我们念到最后一部分（唐诗）时，我们两人一句接一句地背诵了整首诗： “在天愿作比翼鸟, 在地愿为连理枝。”Let's become two birds flying side by side in the sky. Let's tie the two branches of the earth tightly together. I shook her hand and said, 'I hope this is also a commitment between you and me.'. “在天愿作比翼鸟, 在地愿为连理枝。”让我们成为天空中并排飞翔的两只鸟，让我们把地球上的两根树枝紧紧地绑在一起。我握着她的手说，“希望这也是你我之间的承诺”。 After that, we also visited Leyouyuan. I asked her, 'Do you remember that poem?' (Deng Leyouyuan) Author: Li Shangyin? We are now in Leyouyuan! '. Her face lit up and she said, 'Really?! We have been learning this poem for several years, and it makes people feel relaxed and happy, just like I am touching history!' Then we recited the whole poem again: 之后我们还参观了乐游原, 我问她：“你还记得那首诗吗？”(登乐游原) 作者：李商隐? 我们现在在乐游原！”。她脸上一亮，说道：“真的吗？！我们已经学了好几年了，这首诗让人心旷神怡，就像我在触摸历史一样！”然后我们两人再次背诵了整首诗： 向晚意不适，驱车登古原。夕阳无限好，只是近黄昏。 You see, it is only a poem written 1200 years ago that makes a Chinese feel emotional attachment to a place more than 2000 kilometers away from his hometown. In fact, many places in China are famous because of ancient poems and articles. 你看，让一个中国人对一个距离家乡2000多公里的地方产生情感依恋的，只是1200年前写的一首诗——事实上，中国很多地方之所以出名，是因为古代写的诗和文章。  Living in Xi'an, which used to be the capital of many dynasties, one of our 'privileges' is that we can witness the whole city become 'old' on a snowy day. 生活在西安，这个曾经是许多朝代帝都的城市，我们拥有的“特权”之一是，我们可以在下雪的日子见证整个城市变得“古老”。 Usually, I will read some books on snowy nights. Every time I think of Zhang Dai's 'Snow in the Lake Pavilion' and read it again: 通常，我会在下雪的夜晚读一些书，每次我都会想起张岱的“”湖心亭看雪” 并再次朗读： 雾凇沆砀，天与云、与山、与水，上下一白。湖上影子，惟长堤一痕、湖心亭一点、与余舟一芥、舟中人两三粒而已。 This is one of my favorite writings in classical Chinese when I was in high school. It depicts a beautiful winter scenery with elegant strokes, which is admirable. When I read this article on a snowy night, I could almost feel the feeling of Zhang Dai when writing this article. 这是我在高中时最喜欢的文言文之一，它以优雅的笔触描绘了一幅美丽的冬季景色，令人钦佩。当我在一个下雪的夜晚读到这篇文章时，我几乎能感受到张岱在写这篇文章的时候的感受。 The classical Chinese we learn also shapes our values. 我们学习的文言文也塑造了我们的价值观。 If someone asks me what is the real reason why China is unwilling to accept refugees from the Middle East, the Chinese philosopher Mengzi (Mencius) gave the answer 2300 years ago: 如果有人问我，中国不愿意接受中东难民的真正原因是什么，那么中国哲学家蒙自(孟子) 2300年前就给出了答案： 人必自侮，然後人侮之；家必自毀，而後人毀之；國必自伐，而後人伐之。《太甲》曰：『天作孽，猶可違；自作孽，不可活。』── 《孟子 · 離婁上》 It means that a person must have something to insult himself before others insult him; Home must have its own cause of destruction before others destroy it; The country must have its own tyranny before other countries attack it. This point is explained in a passage in Taijia: 'When disasters fall from heaven, it is still possible to escape. When we commit sins ourselves, it is impossible to live any longer.'. 意思是：一人一定先有自取侮辱的地方，然后别人才去侮辱他;家一定先有自招毁灭的原因，然后别人才去毁灭它;国一定先有自遭攻伐的暴政，然后别国才去攻伐它。这一点在《太甲》的一段话中得到了说明：“当上天降下灾难时，仍然有可能逃脱。当我们自己造孽时，就不可能再活下去了。”。 If someone asks the educated Chinese what is their goal in life, I will quote Zhang Zai, a neo-confucianist philosopher of the Song Dynasty, as saying:为天地立心，为生民立命，为往圣继绝学，为万世开太平。 如果有人问受过教育的中国人的人生目标是什么，那么我会引用宋朝新儒家哲学家张载的话：为天地立心，为生民立命，为往圣继绝学，为万世开太平。 It means: set conscience for heaven and earth; To ensure the people's life and wealth; Continue the legacy of past sages; Build peace for future generations. 意思是：为天地规定良心；确保人民的生活和财富；延续过去先贤的遗训；为子孙后代建立和平。 As an ordinary Chinese, what I am doing is 'to continue the teachings of the deceased sages', which is part of my book collection at home. 作为一个普通的中国人，我正在做的是“延续先贤逝去的教诲”，这是我在家藏书的一部分。  One of my best friends has just started his political career this year. His parents are ordinary workers in a chemical factory. He worked very hard at school and ranked fifth among 300000 students in the country. At present, he has completed his doctorate at Peking University, the top two university in China, and has been appointed to work in a village in Fujian for two years before being promoted. In his first job, he posted some words on WeChat: 我最好的朋友之一今年刚刚开始他的政治生涯。他的父母都是一家化工厂的普通工人，他在学校学习非常努力，在全国30万名学生中排名第五。目前，他已在中国排名前二的大学北京大学完成博士学位，并被任命到福建的一个村庄工作两年，然后才能获得晋升。在他的第一份工作中，他在微信上发布了一些文字： I hope I will not forget my original intention and will not be negative to the people. 愿自己不忘初心，不负百姓。 I hope I will never forget my original intention and never let the people down. 希望我永远不会忘记我的初心，永远不会让人民失望。  日本网友半谷君枝的回答 Because modern Chinese and classical Chinese are much more closely connected than other languages, if you can't read classical Chinese, you may not use modern Chinese well, especially in writing. 因为现代汉语与文言文的联系比其他语言紧密得多，所以如果你读不懂文言文，你可能不会很好地使用现代汉语，尤其是在写作方面。 Chinese is not a language based on fixed vocabulary, but a language that modifies itself. 汉语不是一种基于固定词汇的语言，而是一种自我修饰的语言。 '亡走' literally means 'die and go', but in ancient times it means 'escape'; 败走 literally means 'defeat and retreat', and defeat can mean extinction (referring to the country), defeat and flight (referring to individuals or troops). People familiar with ancient Chinese can understand its meaning at a glance, because he knows that 亡 in ancient Chinese means escape, death in modern Chinese, and 走 in ancient Chinese means running from one place to another. “亡走”字面意思是“死了就走”，但在古代的意思是“逃跑”；“败走”字面意思是“战败并撤退”，以及败亡可以是灭绝（指国家），也可以是战败和潜逃（指个人或军队）。熟悉古汉语的人一眼就能理解其含义，因为他知道亡 在古代汉语中指逃跑，在现代汉语中指死亡，以及走 在古代汉语中，意思是从一个地方跑到另一个地方。 Therefore, if you understand ancient Chinese, your vocabulary will multiply, and you don't have to deliberately expand: a person who is proficient in Chinese will be able to use fixed words, but use one character to modify another to construct sentences, so as to express his meaning to the utmost accuracy. Sometimes, you may find a word in the work of an author, which is not in any dictionary, but you can understand it. 因此，如果你懂古汉语，你的词汇量会成倍增加，你不必刻意扩大：一个精通汉语的人将能够用固定的单词，而是用一个修改另一个的字符来构建句子，从而将他的意思表达到极致的准确度，有时，你可能会在某位作者的作品中发现一个单词，它不在任何词典中，但你可以理解。  In addition, classical Chinese is considered more solemn, and the use of classical Chinese indicates a person's education level. In some works, such as letters to elders, gift lists, invitations or formal statements, the style tends to be classical. When I wrote to my grandfather, I had to add at the beginning of the letter, '祖父大人颐安', which is a form that is no longer used. It is impossible to imagine that a person who knows nothing about classical Chinese would fill up these words, such as '谨函布臆，顺颂商祺/诸荷优通，再表谢忱' when he can't understand the letter, the letter is over. If a person can't write a letter correctly, how can he have a good education? '? 此外，文言文被认为更庄重，使用文言文表明一个人的教育程度。在一些作品中，如给长辈的信、礼物清单、邀请函或正式声明，风格倾向于古典主义。给祖父写信时，我不得不在信的开头加上“祖父大人颐安“那已经是一种不再常用的形式了。无法想象一个对文言文一无所知的人会塞满这些词语如”谨函布臆，顺颂商祺/诸荷优通，再表谢忱“当他无法理解信的时候，信就结束了，如果一个人不能正确地写一封信，他怎么可能受过良好的教育？”？ Finally, not understanding classical Chinese means that you can hardly learn any kind of history. Not only can you read the Twenty-four Histories, but also you can't read many western historical studies from the 1880s to the 1950s. 最后，不懂文言文意味着你几乎无法学习任何一种历史。不仅你无法阅读《二十四史》，而且你也无法阅读19世纪80年代至20世纪50年代的许多西方历史研究。 Therefore, if a person does not study classical Chinese, his vocabulary, literary creation skills and historical knowledge will have problems, so he will be 'an illiterate who can only read and write'. 因此，如果一个人不学习文言文，他的词汇、文学创作技巧和历史知识都会有问题，因此他将是“一个只会读写的文盲”。 About references... Citing Chinese classics is like quoting Cicero in a speech and Virgil in a writing, which will add color to your article. 关于引用。。。引用中国经典就像在演讲中引用西塞罗，在写作中引用维吉尔，这会令你的文章增色。  中国网友宋浩宾的回答 Modern Chinese is like a simplified version of classical Chinese. The fewer characters you need to remember, the less grammar you need to understand. 现代汉语就像是文言文的简化版，你需要记住的字符越少，需要理解的语法越少。 Learning classical Chinese is like raising your Chinese skills to the highest level, similar to learning C++after learning C language. 学习文言文就像将自己的中文技能提升到最高水平，类似于学习C语言之后学习C++。 The upgraded skills enable you to: 升级后的技能使您能够： (1) In 2000 or even longer, directly understand what the author of ancient books said （1） 在2000年甚至更长的时间范围内，直接理解古籍作者所说的内容 (2) Be able to understand and express complex meanings, use absurd simple words, such as quotations or idioms, and there are many such words in classical Chinese （2） 能够理解和表达复杂的意思，使用荒谬的简单词汇，如引用或成语，而文言文中有很多这样的词汇 Chinese classical poetry can be written as follows:两个黄鹂鸣翠柳，一行白鹭上青天，窗含西岭千秋雪，门泊东吴万里船。 中国古典诗歌可以这样写：两个黄鹂鸣翠柳，一行白鹭上青天，窗含西岭千秋雪，门泊东吴万里船。 It has rhythm not only in geometry, but also in pronunciation. 它不仅在几何上有节奏，而且在语音上也有节奏。 Some poets may need days or even months to decide the choice of a character, which is why they make their poems so elegant. 一些诗人可能需要几天甚至几个月的时间来决定一个人物的选择，这就是他们如何使诗词如此优雅的原因。 I don't know if there is another language that can achieve such a high degree of freedom and regularity. 我不知道是否还有另一种语言可以达到如此高的自由度和规律性。 As for their meanings, as stated in other answers, they are often very deep and concentrated in a few words. It is often a miracle in itself. The combination of elegance and simplicity in form and content often produces pure beauty. 至于它们的含义，正如其他答案中所说的那样，往往非常非常深刻，集中在寥寥数语中。它本身往往是一个奇迹。形式和内容的优雅与简洁的结合往往会产生纯粹的美。 We have been exposed to these classical Chinese writings as early as primary school, usually in the form of short poems. We often can't understand their exact meaning or why they are there, but we remember them anyway. As we grow up, many people will begin to realize its beauty and actively look for these articles. Some people even regret it because they remember too little. 我们早在小学就接触到这些文言文，通常是短诗的形式。我们常常无法理解它们的确切含义，也不知道它们为什么在那里，但无论如何都记得它们。随着我们的成长，许多人会开始意识到它的的美丽，并开始积极寻找这些文章。有些人甚至会后悔，因为他们记得太少了。 I began to realize their value when I was in middle school. When I saw a poem, it was so beautiful that I wanted to cry when I read it. I believe that many people who study classical Chinese have similar feelings. 我在中学时就开始意识到它们的价值，当我看到一首诗时，它太美了，读起来我都想哭。我相信很多学习文言文的人都有类似的感受。那首诗是： 春花秋月何时了?往事知多少。小楼昨夜又东风,故国不堪回首月明中。雕栏玉砌应犹在,只是朱颜改。问君能有几多愁?恰似一江春水向东流。 Some of them are so beautiful that you want to remember them forever when you first see them. We are pleased that there are thousands of people, if not more. According to your current understanding of life, you can always find your favorite. It's like treasure hunting. 它们中的一些是如此美丽，以至于你第一次看到它们时就想永远记住它们。让我们欣慰的是，即使不是更多，也有数千人。根据你目前对生活的理解，你总能找到你的最爱。这就像寻宝。 · The wisdom of ancestors ·祖先的智慧 The accumulation of wisdom over the years may explain their beauty. Shakespeare was no more than 500 years ago, and the poem quoted above has a history of 1300 years, more than twice that of Shakespeare. More importantly, many classic texts, such as Sun Tzu's Art of War, have a history of about 2500 years. Some common sayings are very reasonable. For example, know yourself and your enemy, and you will never be defeated in a hundred battles 多年来智慧的积累也许可以解释它们的美丽。莎士比亚不超过500年前，而上面引用的这首诗有1300年的历史，是它的两倍多。更重要的是，许多经典文本，如《孙子兵法》，大约有2500年的历史。有些俗语很有道理，比如：知己知彼，百战不殆 Because of the stability of words, after thousands of years, noise disappears and wisdom remains. The accumulated wisdom in turn increases the elegance and stability of language. 因为文字的稳定性，经过数千年，噪音消失，智慧留下。积累的智慧反过来又增加了语言的优雅和稳定。 Therefore, when they quote, they sometimes feel proud, sometimes are moved by the elegance of the relevant stories, or imagine that someone said the same sentence thousands of years ago. 因此，当他们引用时，有时会感到自豪，有时会被相关故事的优雅所打动，或者幻想几千年前就有人说过同一句话。 Therefore, some modern texts are specially written in classical Chinese, for example, 'Tuber Taper' There are many writings like classical Chinese because they are concise, rhythmic and clear. 因此，一些现代文本是特意用文言文写成的，例如《管锥编》. 还有许多像文言文一样的书写，因为它们简洁、节奏和清晰。 In addition, Ms. Tu Youyou, the 2015 Nobel Prize winner, found artemisinin, the most important drug for malaria treatment, while reading Ge Hong's book on herbal medicine treatment in the third century. Yes, it is written in classical Chinese. 还有，2015年诺贝尔奖得主屠呦呦女士在阅读葛洪关于三世纪草药治疗的书籍时，发现了她治疗疟疾最重要的药物青蒿素。是的，它是用文言文写的。 If she could not read Chinese classics, she would not have made such a discovery and would not help millions of patients every year. 如果她不能阅读中文经典，她就不会有这样的发现，每年也不会帮助数百万患者。 We are inextricably connected with our ancestors: we enjoy the same moon, the same rivers, the same mountains and, most importantly, the same emotions with people who lived 2000 years ago. This love song may remind you of a boy/girl who has sweet memories with you; Reading the homesickness song, you may think of your hometown, your family, and even your childhood. These feelings are eternal, regardless of age, gender and race, from the past to the future, and are actually owned by all people in the world. Inherit the root of emotion and culture. I think this is the reason why we study classical Chinese. 我们与我们的祖先有着千丝万缕的联系：我们与生活在2000年前的人们欣赏着相同的月亮，相同的河流，相同的山脉，最重要的是，相同的情感。这首情歌可能会让你想起一个和你有甜蜜回忆的男孩/女孩；读着乡愁之歌，你可能会想起你的家乡，你的家人，甚至你的童年。这些情感是永恒的，无论年龄、性别和种族，从过去到未来，实际上是世界上所有人所拥有的。传承情感和文化之根。我认为这是我们学习文言文的原因。 Finally, thank you for reading such a long answer, which is from the heart of a Chinese classical enthusiast. 最后，感谢您阅读了这么长的答案，这是一位中国古典爱好者发自内心的回答。 |
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