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英汉翻译简明教程之翻译练习 | 政府报告 | 8 - 粮食自给 | 第 1 部分

 M散人 2023-03-11 发布于山东

写在前面

这篇与政府报告有些相近,自己译的时候会参考政府报告(如有),再与教材中的参考译文比照。

必要的时候会回忆一些政府报告的内容。

原文

中英翻译:中国能够依靠自己的力量实现粮食基本自给

立足国内资源,实现粮食基本自给,是中国解决粮食供需问题的基本方针。中国将努力促进国内粮食增产,在正常情况下,粮食自给率不低于 95%,净进口量不超过国内消费量的 5%。

逐句对比

比较自己的翻译和庄绎传先生的, 学习差异所在.

立足国内资源,实现粮食基本自给,是中国解决粮食供需问题的基本方针。

立足: 首先想到 “based on”,但我觉得太土了,又想不出其他词,就用了 “utilize”,利用也是立足的一层意思嘛。

回看政府报告里面,倒是有几个立足的例子,感觉其中 ground, based on 都可以借用。

参考译文中用了 ”rely on”,依赖,也不错。可见实际翻译中灵活运用即可,不必拘泥。

2021 政府报告中 ”立足“ 出现的例句:

立足国情实际,既及时果断又保持定力,坚持不搞“大水漫灌”,科学把握规模性政策的平衡点。

Based on China ’ s realities, we refrained from adopting a deluge of strong stimulus policies but took swift, decisive and well-considered steps, thus maintaining a desired balance between various macro policies.

立足国内大循环,协同推进强大国内市场和贸易强国建设,

We will give priority to domestic circulation, and work to build a strong domestic market and turn China into a trader of quality.

立足新发展阶段,贯彻新发展理念,构建新发展格局,

ground our efforts in the new development stage, apply the new development philosophy, and create a new pattern of development;

必须立足社会主义初级阶段基本国情,着力办好自己的事。

We must bear in mind the reality that China is still in the primary stage of socialism and run our affairs well.

实现: achieve 即可,参见:《实现》

供需:supply and demand

粮食:用 food 还是 grain?我分辨不清,从政府报告粮食相关的例句中能看出的大概是,提到粮食安全、供给时,一般用 food,粮食产量时用 grain

2021 政府报告中 ”粮食“ 出现的例句:

粮食实现增产,生猪产能加快恢复,

grain output continued to increase, and hog production rebounded at a faster rate.

农业现代化稳步推进,粮食生产连年丰收。

Agricultural modernization was steadily advanced, and good harvests were recorded for five years running.

强化国家经济安全保障,实施粮食、能源资源、金融安全战略,

To ensure national economic security, we will carry out strategies for safeguarding food, energy and resource, and financial security.

粮食综合生产能力保持在 1.3 万亿斤以上,提高能源综合生产能力。

We will keep overall grain output above 650 million metric tons, and enhance our overall energy production capacity.

粮食产量保持在1.3 万亿斤以上。

grain output of over 650 million metric tons

提高粮食和重要农产品供给保障能力。

We will enhance our ability to ensure the supply of food and major agricultural products.

保障粮食安全的要害是种子和耕地。

Seeds and cropland are crucial for safeguarding China’s food security.

建设国家粮食安全产业带和农业现代化示范区。

Agricultural belts for national food security and demonstration zones for agricultural modernization will be developed.

稳定粮食播种面积,提高单产和品质。

grain acreage will be kept stable, per unit crop yield will be increased, and the quality of grains will be raised.

保障农产品市场供应和价格基本稳定。开展粮食节约行动。

We will ensure stability in the supply and prices of agricultural products, and launch food saving initiatives.

我们一定要下力气也完全有能力保障好 14 亿人的粮食安全。

We are resolved to ensure food security for our 1.4 billion people, and we know we can achieve this.

方针: 基本上几个用法:policy, principle, strategy

2021 政府报告中 ”方针“ 出现的例句:

全面贯彻党的宗教工作基本方针,坚持我国宗教的中国化方向,积极引导宗教与社会主义社会相适应。

We will fully implement the Party’s basic policy on religious affairs, uphold the principle that religions in China must be Chinese in orientation, and work to guide religions in adapting to socialist society.

我们要继续全面准确贯彻“一国两制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方针

We will stay true to the letter and spirit of the principle of One Country, Two Systems, under which the people of Hong Kong administer Hong Kong and the people of Macao administer Macao, both with a high degree of autonomy.

我们要坚持对台工作大政方针,坚持一个中国原则和“九二共识”,推进两岸关系和平发展和祖国统一。

We remain committed to the major principles and policies on work related to Taiwan, to the one-China principle and the 1992 Consensus, and to promoting the peaceful growth of relations across the Taiwan Strait and China’s reunification.

解决: solve 显而易见,不过我看了下政府报告,貌似用 address 居多。另外还要 eradicate (彻底根除),当然也有根据实际情况忽略翻译的。

5575 万农村贫困人口实现脱贫,960 多万建档立卡贫困人口通过易地扶贫搬迁摆脱了“一方水土难养一方人”的困境,区域性整体贫困得到解决

Its entire rural poor population, 55.75 million in number, was lifted out of poverty, including more than 9.6 million registered poor people who were relocated from inhospitable areas; and regional poverty was successfully eradicated.

发展是解决我国一切问题的基础和关键。

Development is the foundation, and it holds the key, for addressing all the issues our country faces.

进一步解决中小微企业融资难题。

Further steps will be taken to address the financing difficulties of MSMEs.

解决好吃饭问题始终是头等大事,

Ensuring that our people have enough food remains a top priority for our government.

更好解决进城务工人员子女就学问题,高校招生继续加大对中西部和农村地区倾斜力度,

We will endeavor to provide better schooling for children of rural migrant workers in cities, and continue to have universities and colleges enroll more students from the central and western regions and rural areas.

解决好大城市住房突出问题,

We will address prominent housing issues in large cities.

用发展的办法解决发展不平衡不充分问题。

in the course of pursuing development, we will take steps to address imbalances and inadequacies in development.

基本单词词组就这些了。

句式咋搞?…..是….的基本方针,我和参考译文就是两个完全不同的顺序。

教程中对此的解释是:

原文的结构是先说具体内容,再说“是…的基本方针”。

这样的句子译成英语,一般都是从 “The basic principle” 说起,顺着说下去

所以还是参照参考译文的好

注意到一个小地方,”中国供需问题“,这里我用了 China’s 定语,实在是太傻了,还是参考译文的方法好,用 “… in China”.

我: Utilizing domestic resources to achieve food self-sufficiency is the basic policy on addressing China’s food supply and demand problems.

原: The basic principle for solving the problem of grain supply and demand in China is to rely on the domestic resources and basically achieve self-sufficiency in grain.

中国将努力促进国内粮食增产,在正常情况下,粮食自给率不低于 95%,净进口量不超过国内消费量的 5%。

努力: efforts 很常用,政府报告中也经常用 ensure that 来表达,当然还有我们熟悉的 work hard to …,参考译文用的是 endeavor

正常情况下: under normal conditions

自给: self-sufficiency

句式: 这句话很长,我给分成了两个句子。参考译文则用 “so that” 承上启下,学习了。

我: China will make every effort to increase domestic grain output. In normal situations, food self-sufficient rate will be no lower than 95%, and net imports no more than 5% of domestic consumption.

原: China endeavors to increase its grain production so that its self-sufficiency rate of grain under normal conditions will be above 95% and the net import rate 5%, or even less, of the total consumption quantity.

来练习一下吧

参考译文见下一篇翻译练习.

中英翻译:中国能够依靠自己的力量实现粮食基本自给

现阶段中国已经实现了粮食基本自给,在未来的发展过程中,中国依靠自己的力量实现粮食基本自给,客观上具备诸多有利因素。根据中国农业自然资源、生产条件、技术水平和其他发展条件,粮食增产潜力很大。

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