[1] Ivy, J. L. (2004). Regulation of muscle glycogen repletion, muscle protein synthesis and repair following exercise. Journal of sports science & medicine, 3(3), 131.
[2] Hood, D. A. (2001). Invited review: contractile activity-induced mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle. Journal of applied physiology, 90(3), 1137-1157.
[3] Thompson, P. D., Cullinane, E. M., Eshleman, R., Sady, S. P., & Herbert, P. N. (1984). The effects of caloric restriction or exercise cessation on the serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations of endurance athletes. Metabolism, 33(10), 943-950.
[4] Silverman, M. G., Ference, B. A., Im, K., Wiviott, S. D., Giugliano, R. P., Grundy, S. M., ... & Sabatine, M. S. (2016). Association between lowering LDL-C and cardiovascular risk reduction among different therapeutic interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Jama, 316(12), 1289-1297.
[5] Mujika, I., & Padilla, S. (2000). Detraining: loss of training-induced physiological and performance adaptations. Part I: short term insufficient training stimulus. Sports medicine, 30, 79-87.
[6] Gavanda, S., Geisler, S., Quitmann, O. J., Bauhaus, H., & Schiffer, T. (2020). Three weeks of detraining does not decrease muscle thickness, strength or sport performance in adolescent athletes. International Journal of Exercise Science, 13(6), 633.
[7] Gifford, J. R., Garten, R. S., Nelson, A. D., Trinity, J. D., Layec, G., Witman, M. A., ... & Richardson, R. S. (2016). Symmorphosis and skeletal muscle: in vivo and in vitro measures reveal differing constraints in the exercise‐trained and untrained human. The Journal of physiology, 594(6), 1741-1751.
[8] Coyle, E. F., Martin 3rd, W. H., Sinacore, D. R., Joyner, M. J., Hagberg, J. M., & Holloszy, J. O. (1984). Time course of loss of adaptations after stopping prolonged intense endurance training. Journal of Applied Physiology, 57(6), 1857-1864.
[9] Exercise Physiology Core Laboratory. (n.d.). VO2 Max Testing. Retrieved March 5, 2023, from https://med./exercise-physiology-core-laboratory/fitness-assessment-for-community-members/vo2-max-testing/
[10] Cox, S.E., (2013). Energy Metabolism. In Benjamin, C. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Human
Nutrition., 3rd ed (pp. 177-185). Academic Press.
[11] Mujika, I., & Padilla, S. A. B. I. N. O. (2001). Muscular characteristics of detraining in humans. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 33(8), 1297-1303.
[12] Weinstein, A. A., Koehmstedt, C., & Kop, W. J. (2017). Mental health consequences of exercise withdrawal: A systematic review. General hospital psychiatry, 49, 11-18.
[13] Stutz, J., Eiholzer, R., & Spengler, C. M. (2019). Effects of evening exercise on sleep in healthy participants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 49(2), 269-287.
[14] Baekeland, F. (1970). Exercise deprivation: Sleep and psychological reactions. Archives of General Psychiatry, 22(4), 365-369.
[15] Burtscher, J., Strasser, B., Burtscher, M., & Millet, G. P. (2022). The Impact of Training on the Loss of Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Aging Masters Endurance Athletes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(17), 11050.
[16] Siva, M., & Jesudass, E. S. (2015). Correlations of biomechanical characteristics with ball speed in penalty corner push-in influence of speed, agility and quickness training on selected kills among hockey men players. International journal of recent research and applied studies, 2(5).
[17] Sousa, A. C., Neiva, H. P., Izquierdo, M., Cadore, E. L., Alves, A. R., & Marinho, D. A. (2019). Concurrent training and detraining: brief review on the effect of exercise intensities. International journal of sports medicine, 40(12), 747-755.
[18] Staron, R. S., Leonardi, M. J., Karapondo, D. L., Malicky, E. S., Falkel, J. E., Hagerman, F. C., & Hikida, R. S. (1991). Strength and skeletal muscle adaptations in heavy-resistance-trained women after detraining and retraining. Journal of applied physiology, 70(2), 631-640.
[19] Taaffe, D. R., & Marcus, R. (1997). Dynamic muscle strength alterations to detraining and retraining in elderly men. Clinical Physiology, 17(3), 311-324.
[20] Pedlar, C. R., Brown, M. G., Shave, R. E., Otto, J. M., Drane, A., Michaud-Finch, J., ... & Baggish, A. L. (2018). Cardiovascular response to prescribed detraining among recreational athletes. Journal of Applied Physiology, 124(4), 813-820.
[21] Mujika, I., & Padilla, S. (2000). Detraining: loss of training-induced physiological and performance adaptations. Part II: long term insufficient training stimulus. Sports Medicine, 30, 145-154.
[22] Trim, W. V., Walhin, J. P., Koumanov, F., Turner, J. E., Shur, N. F., Simpson, E. J., ... & Thompson, D. (2023). The impact of physical inactivity on glucose homeostasis when diet is adjusted to maintain energy balance in healthy, young males. Clinical Nutrition.
[23] Pontzer, H., Yamada, Y., Sagayama, H., Ainslie, P. N., Andersen, L. F., Anderson, L. J., ... & IAEA DLW Database Consortium §. (2021). Daily energy expenditure through the human life course. Science, 373(6556), 808-812.
[24] Booth, F. W., Roberts, C. K., & Laye, M. J. (2012). Lack of exercise is a major cause of chronic diseases. Comprehensive physiology, 2(2), 1143.
[25] Silva, L. R. B., Seguro, C. S., de Oliveira, C. G. A., Santos, P. O. S., de Oliveira, J. C. M., de Souza Filho, L. F. M., ... & Rebelo, A. C. S. (2020). Physical inactivity is associated with increased levels of anxiety, depression, and stress in Brazilians during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 565291.
[26] Stamatakis, E., Ahmadi, M. N., Gill, J. M., Thøgersen-Ntoumani, C., Gibala, M. J., Doherty, A., & Hamer, M. (2022). Association of wearable device-measured vigorous intermittent lifestyle physical activity with mortality. Nature Medicine, 1-9.
[27] Hamer, M., Lavoie, K. L., & Bacon, S. L. (2014). Taking up physical activity in later life and healthy ageing: the English longitudinal study of ageing. British journal of sports medicine, 48(3), 239-243.
[28] World Health Organization. (2020). WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour: web annex: evidence profiles.
[29] Garcia, L., Pearce, M., Abbas, A., Mok, A., Strain, T., Ali, S., ... & Brage, S. (2023). Non-occupational physical activity and risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer and mortality outcomes: a dose–response meta-analysis of large prospective studies. British Journal of Sports Medicine.