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Click on the blue text above follow GeneChic  久坐不动的生活方式 以及高脂高糖饮食 使得糖尿病成为 全球人群中的一种流行病 A sedentary lifestyle and a high-fat, high-sugar diet have made diabetes an epidemic in the global population  根据世界卫生组织（WHO）的统计 每10人中就有一人患有糖尿病 在我国，糖尿病患者人数已经上亿 其中大约90%的患者为2型糖尿病患者 According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 10% people are suffering from diabetes. In China, there are already hundreds of millions of diabetic patients, about 90% of whom are type 2 diabetic patients.  【糖尿病VS胰岛细胞】 Diabetes VS islet cells  每当我们摄入米面糖的时候 很快就会转化为葡萄糖 想要维持血糖浓度的稳定 就需要胰岛素的帮助 Whenever we eat rice and noodles, it will soon be converted into glucose. To maintain a stable blood glucose concentration, we need the help of insulin.  我们都知道 胰腺β细胞分泌胰岛素 胰岛素主要是降血糖的 简单来说 糖尿病是由胰岛素分泌不足 或胰岛素功能障碍 引起的代谢紊乱 We all know that pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, which has mainly hypoglycemic effects. In simple terms, diabetes is a metabolic disorder caused by insufficient insulin secretion or insulin dysfunction.  如果未能及时治疗的话 较高水平的血糖就会损伤心脏 肾脏、神经和眼睛，造成肾衰竭 失明、糖尿病足、高血压和心血管疾病 等并发症 是导致死亡的最重要原因之一 If it is not treated in time, higher levels of blood sugar can damage the heart, kidneys, nerves and eyes, causing complications such as kidney failure, blindness, diabetic foot, high blood pressure and cardiovascular disease, which is the one of the most important causes of death.  糖尿病通常分为 I型糖尿病和II型糖尿病 I型糖尿病的特点是胰岛细胞损伤 不能产生胰岛素 II型糖尿病是由于身体无法 正确利用胰岛素 这一过程称之为 胰岛素抵抗（insulin resistance） Diabetes is usually divided into type I diabetes and type II diabetes. Type I diabetes is characterized by islet cell damage and cannot produce insulin; type II diabetes is caused by the body's inability to properly use insulin. This process is called insulin resistance.  随着时间的流逝 胰岛β细胞衰竭和死亡 是所有类型糖尿病的共同特征 Over time, islet β cell exhaustion and death are common features of all types of diabetes.  由于糖尿病患者体内 不能生产必要的胰岛素 所以I型糖尿病患者 以及约有30%的 II型糖尿病患者都依赖于胰岛素注射 Because people with diabetes can't produce the necessary amount of insulin, people with type 1 diabetes and about 30% of people with type 2 diabetes rely on insulin injections.  尽管定期检测血糖水平 并且每日注射胰岛素 可以帮助患者长时间 控制血糖水平 但不能治愈甚至不能 改善胰腺β细胞的健康 Although regular monitoring of blood glucose levels and daily insulin injections can help patients control blood glucose for long periods of time, they cannot cure or even improve the health of pancreatic beta cells  会不会有一种新的技术 终结胰岛素注射的时代 Will there be a new technology to end the era of insulin injections 如果说要找一种终结 胰岛素注射的「一劳永逸」的方法 那么答案可能在细胞治疗领域 If you are looking for a way to end insulin injections forever, then the answer may be in the field of cell therapy 科学家们发现干细胞 有着强大的修复与再生能力 有些用现代医疗手段 解决不了的疑难杂症 正在寻求干细胞的帮助 Scientists have discovered that stem cells have powerful repair and regeneration capabilities. Some intractable diseases that cannot be solved by modern medical methods are probably solved by stem cells. 与体内大多数细胞不同 干细胞具有强大的增殖能力 可以分化为多种细胞类型 包括胰腺β细胞 从而为机体补充胰岛β细胞数量 用来替代糖尿病患者 体内损伤的胰腺β细胞 恢复患者体内的胰岛素 产生和葡萄糖调节能力 Unlike most cells in the body, stem cells have a strong ability to proliferate and can differentiate into a variety of cell types, including pancreatic β cells, thereby supplementing the body with islet β cells to replace the damaged pancreatic β cells in patients with diabetes and restore insulin production and glucose regulation in the body 这种定向修复功能的干细胞 技术从根本上阻断发病病因 使人类功能性治疗糖尿病成为了可能 This stem cell technology with targeted repair function fundamentally blocks the etiology and makes it possible for humans to functionally treat diabetes 近年来，研究首次发现间充质干细胞 （mesenchymal stem cells, MSCs） 治疗糖尿病是通过能改善胰岛素抵抗 帮助恢复机体的代谢平衡 这一发现有望开启肥胖和 2型糖尿病治疗的新希望 In recent years, for the first time, research has found that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can treat diabetes by improving insulin resistance and helping restore the body's metabolic balance. This discovery is expected to open new hope for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes 此外，凭借干细胞独特的旁分泌 以及免疫调节功能 对于缓解糖尿病并发症也有一定的作用 In addition, with the unique paracrine and immunoregulatory functions of stem cells, it also plays a role in alleviating the complications of diabetes 利用干细胞的力量来 抗击糖尿病，真的有效吗 Using the power of stem cells to fight diabetes, is it really effective? 截止近日，美国临床研究网站 http://共登记了 121个干细胞治疗糖尿病相关 的临床研究。其中 有不少令人欣喜的结果 As of today, the US clinical research website http:// has registered a total of 121 stem cell treatment clinical trials related to diabetes. Among them, there are many encouraging results 2012年以后，国内许多医院 如瑞金医院、鼓楼医院等 先后发表多篇干细胞治疗 I型糖尿病的临床研究 Since 2012, many domestic hospitals, such as Ruijin Hospital and Gulou Hospital, have published a number of clinical studies on stem cell therapy for type I diabetes 接受干细胞治疗的患者 最多可以脱离胰岛素治疗达3年以上 平均缓解时间为16个月左右 2016年，发表在《PLOS ONE》 一篇荟萃分析评估了干细胞治疗 糖尿病的安全性和潜在效果 Patients receiving stem cell therapy can be separated from insulin treatment for up to 3 years and the average remission time is about 16 months. In 2016, a meta-analysis published in PLOS ONE evaluated the safety and potential effects of stem cells in the treatment of diabetes 许多1型糖尿病患者 可以停用胰岛素 其中58%的患者停用可达16个月以上 Many patients with type 1 diabetes can stop using insulin, and 58% of them can stop using it for more than 16 months 同时， 2型糖尿病的治疗效果 与1型糖尿病一致 支持了干细胞治疗无论对于 1型还是2型糖尿病都 表现出安全有效性的结论 At the same time, the therapeutic effect of type 2 diabetes is the same as that of type 1 diabetes, supporting the conclusion that stem cell therapy shows safety and effectiveness for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes 对于日复一日监测血糖 吃药打针感到厌烦和痛苦的 糖尿病人来说 干细胞治疗还能 消除定期扎伤手指 和反复注射胰岛素的痛苦 For diabetics who are bored and distressed by monitoring blood sugar day after day, taking medicine and injections, stem cell therapy can also eliminate the pain of regular finger injuries and repeated insulin injections 相信随着科学的进步 干细胞治疗带来的 停药时间肯定会越来越长 直至最终完全治愈疾病 It is believed that with the advancement of science, the stopping time of stem cell therapy will definitely be longer and longer, until the disease is completely cured 另外，在干细胞治疗 「糖尿病并发症」 的临床研究中也取得了重要进展 韩国生物科技公司 Anterogen 开发了一种含有 脂肪间充质干细胞（ADSC） 治疗糖尿病足溃疡的 新药「Allo-ASC-DFU」 In addition, important progress has been made in the clinical research of stem cell therapy for 'diabetic complications'. Korean biotech company Anterogen has developed a new drug called Allo-ASC-DFU containing adipocytes mesenchymal stem cells (ADSC) for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers 近期，该新药的 II 期临床试验 （NCT02619877）完成 文章发表在《Diabetes》杂志上 研究结果显示 间充质干细胞治疗糖尿病 足溃疡安全有效 临床试验中没有发生 与ADSC治疗有关的严重不良事件 Recently, a phase II clinical trial of the new drug (NCT02619877) was completed and the article was published in the journal Diabetes. The results showed that mesenchymal stem cells are safe and effective in treating diabetic foot ulcers. No serious adverse events related to ADSC treatment occurred in clinical trials 关于自体干细胞，你知道多少 How much do you know about autologous stem cells 「自体干细胞」是每个人生产的 「自体种子细胞」 由于它是自取自用 使用时不存在免疫排斥 以及安全性的问题 'Autologous stem cells' are 'autologous seed cells' produced by everyone. Since it is self-contained, there is no problem of immune rejection and safety when using it 自体脂肪来源的间充质干细胞 具有更加简单易得 来源丰富等不可替代的优点 并且采集过程对身体 也没什么负面影响 一个小小的脂肪抽取手术就可以了 Autologous adipocyte-derived mesenchymal stem cells have irreplaceable advantages such as easier availability, rich sources, and the collection process has no negative impact on the body. A small fat extraction operation is sufficient 经体外扩增培养获得的 具有高纯度高活性的干细胞提取液 在液氮超低温条件下 可以储存备用长达十年 The stem cell extract with high purity and high activity obtained through in vitro expansion culture can be stored for up to ten years under ultra-low temperature conditions of liquid nitrogen 未来需要时可分化成肝脏细胞 心肌细胞、胰岛细胞等多种功能细胞 修复细胞及组织，替换死亡 病变的细胞 不仅可用于精准治疗疾病 还可延缓衰老、改善亚健康 In the future, it can be differentiated into various functional cells such as liver cells, cardiomyocytes, islet cells, to repair cells and tissues, and to replace dead and diseased cells. It can not only be used to precisely treat diseases, but also can delay aging and improve sub-health |
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