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透视what What 是英语中很常用的一个词，但在不同语境下用法不同，有时似乎“只可意会，不可言传”。在此，把what 一词的用法做一简单总结，仅供参考。 一、作疑问代名词 有疑问含义，“什么。。。；什么样的。。。”，可代指： 1、职业：What is his father? He is a doctor. 他父亲是干什么的？是个医生。 2、年龄：What ages are your children? 你的孩子都多大了？ 3、人口：What’s the population of your country? 你们国家有多少人口？ 4、计算结果：What is 3 and7? 三加七是多少？ 5、价格、价值等：What’s the price of the dictionary? 这本词典多少钱？ 6、重量、长度、距离等量度： What’s the weight of the box? 这个箱子有多重？ 7、某(些) 事;某人；某物 You know not only what to do, but also what not to do. 你不仅知道要做什么，还要知道不该做什么。 What fool told you that? 是哪个傻瓜告诉你的？ What shoes are you going to wear? 你要穿什么鞋？ What books do you like reading? 你喜欢看什么书？ What language does he speak? 他讲哪种语言？ What color is it? 什么颜色的？ 8、时间：What’s time by your watch? 请问现在是什么时间？ 9、看法： What do you think of the film? (：How do you find/like the film?) 你认为这部影片怎么样？ 二、作感叹形容词 含感叹意，“多么/何其。。。的。。。”，在感叹句中修饰名词： (1) What a/an＋(形容词)＋单数可数名词＋谓语! What a clever boy he is!他是个多么聪明的男孩啊！ And what a change that bag of flour brought!那袋面粉带来了多么大的变化啊！ (2) What＋(形容词)＋复数名词＋谓语! What beautiful flowers they are! 它们是多么漂亮的花啊！ What funny stories she tells! 她讲的故事多么可笑啊！ (3) What＋(形容词)＋不可数名词＋谓语! What fine weather it is! 多好的天气啊！ What fun it is to jump into a pool or go swimming in summer! 夏天跳进池塘或去游泳多有趣儿啊！ 口语中经常有主语及be 动词的省略，甚至所修饰的词也可以省去： What a pity (it is)! 太遗憾了！ What beautiful weather (it is)! 多美的天气啊！ What a good idea (it is)! 这主意太好了！ What good fortune (it is) that I traveled with you as my captain! 有你当我的船长，旅行是多么幸运啊！ What（good luck) it was to be young and pretty and green and slim! 年轻、漂亮、鲜嫩、苗条，多好啊！ (4) what little/few+ 名词+ 主谓语： “仅有的；一点（一些）····” What little he said on the subject was full of wisdom. 他在这个项目上说的虽然少，但充满智慧。 What few friends I have are very kind to me. 我有几个朋友对我非常好。 My father spent what little spare time he had in writing. 我父亲花了仅有的业余时间来写作。 little/few 也可省略: Seeing the poor old lady in a despair, he gave her what money he had in the pocket. 看到可怜的老太太在绝望之中,他把口袋里所有的钱都给了她。 Much to my dismay, he always turns a deaf ear to what advice I give him. 令我们感到失望的是,他从不听我给他的忠告。 We should be able to give you a briefing on what ideas we have come up with in a few days. 过几天我们会给你一份我们想出的点子的汇报。 三、作关系/连接代名词 1)含义 也称作名词性连接/关系代词，无疑问含义，结构上相当于包含一个关系代词的先行词(somebody/something that...)，其后包含定语从句，可理解为“。。。的人/物”： They are just what I shall have. 它们刚好是我想要的。 He is not what he was a few years ago. 他不是几年前的他了。 2) 分类 根据表意的确定与否，可分为： I表示具体特定“……的情形”： Our position today is very different from what it was 30 years ago. 我们今天的地位跟30年前很不相同。 Show me what you have written. 让我看看你写的东西。 II表示抽象泛指的情况，意义在其后的整个句子中体现出来： ①表示“....的时间”，相当于“the time that …” The young girl was too frightened to speak, standing there for what seemed like hours. 小女孩吓得不敢说话，在那儿站了几个小时。 After what seemed a long time, I was told that the operation was a success. 仿佛过了好长时间，才有人告诉我手术成功了。 The young man went into the cinema and after what seemed half an hour he came out. 年轻人进了影院，大约半个小时后就出来了。 After what seemed an endless wait, it was her turn to enter the personnel manager’s office. 经过好像无尽头的等待之后，终于轮到她进入人事经理的办公室了。 ②表示“....的地方”，相当于“the place that…” This is what they call Salt Lake City. 这就是他们称为盐湖城的地方。 After ten hour’s drive, they finally reached what they thought was the place they had been dreaming of. 开车十个小时之后，他们终于到了他们认为是他们一直梦想的地方。 ③表示“....的人/...的样子”，相当于 “the person that…” He was so good at so many things that he became the model for what we today call a Renaissance man—someone who excels at everything he tries. 他所擅长的领域非常之多，成为我们今日所说的“文艺复兴人物”的典型——一个精通所做的每一件事的人。 ④表示“....的东西或事情”，相当于“something/the things that …” They have done what they can to help her. 他们已经尽力帮助了她。 Behind him came what looked to us like a monkey in a fur coat. 他后面过来的看上去像穿着皮衣的猴子。 ⑤表示“....的数量或数目”，相当于 “the amount/number that …” Our income is how double what it was ten years ago. 我们现在的收入是10年前的两倍。 If you offered me six times what you have just offered, I would still take my pound of flesh. 如果你出六倍于你刚才的价钱，我还是会拿走我的一磅肉。 The other day, my father drove his car at what I thought was a dangerous speed. 那天，父亲以我认为很危险的速度开着车。 3）功能 (1)引导名词性从句 What really matters is that she wore a pair of white shoes. 真正麻烦的是她穿了一双白鞋。 People have heard what the Present has said; they are waiting to see what he will do. 人们已经听到了总统所说的：他们正等着看总统会做什么。 The little girl is no longer what she used to be. 这个小女孩不再是过去的样子了。 You have no idea what I suffered. 你不知道我所遭受的痛苦。 补充： 1、what从句 相当于“先行词+ 关系代词”，所以what从句前不能有先行词,也不需要再加关系代词； √：You can have what you like. / You can have everything (that) you like. 你喜欢什么就拿什么吧。 ×：You can have everything what you like. √：What makes the book so special is the design of the writer. 让那本书如此特别的是作者的设计。 ×: What that makes the book so special is the design of the writer. 2、有时what 可用作限定词，其后修饰一个名词，这里 what 相当于“all the ……”或“any……”的意思： I gave him what books I had. 我把我所有的书都给他了。 Don't worry too much about the matter. We’ll offer you what help we can (offer). （相当于 all the help we can offer） 这件事你不要太担心，我们会给予你我们所能提供一切帮助。 You must be prepared to take what employment we can get for you. (相当于any employment we can get for you) 你要有思想准备，接受我们为你安排任何工作。 What education he had was picked up from time to time under the pressure of necessity. 他所受的教育都是迫于需要，一点一点地得来的。 What data you have collected proves to be valuable to us in the research program. 你所收集的所有资料证明对我们的研究项目很有价值。 3、What 后的名词可以是复数名词或不可数名词，但通常不能是单数可数名词： ×：I gave him what book I had. 4.what在than后作从句主语时可以省去： Mei Fen won more immediate support in the conference than (what) might have been expected. 梅芬在会议桌上得到的支持比预料中的多。 (2)引导拟式强调句/分裂句 用“what从句 + be + 被强调成分”或“被强调成分 + be + what从句”表示强调： John wants a good rest. 约翰想要好好休息一下。
或： A good rest is what John wants. 好好休息一下正是约翰想要的事。 ①被强调成分是原句中作主语或宾语的具体名词 I'd like you to work on Exercise Two on Page 38. 我要你们做38页上的练习二。
我要你们做的作业是38页上的练习二。 A hinge joint permits the forward and backward movement of a door . 铰链接头允许门向前和向后移动。
允许门向前和向后移动的就是铰链接头。
A hinge joint is what permits the forward and backward movement of a door . 铰链接头就是允许门向前和向后移动的东西。 I need two books. 我要两本书。 -- What I need are two books. 我要的是两本书。（注意谓语动词的数） ②被强调成分是原句中的动作名词 Our astronauts desire to walk in space .我们的宇航员期望去太空漫步。
我们的宇航员期望的是去太空漫步。 The naughty boy really enjoys listening to bedtime story. 那个淘气的男孩真正喜欢听睡前故事。
那个淘气的男孩真正喜欢的是听睡前故事。 ③被强调成分是原句中的谓语动词（即把一个动词分解成do+动作名词）
看到蛇他的反应是大叫。 四、what固定短语 1、what if 如果……怎么办 What if he does not come? 如果他不来呢？ 2、what is called通常所说的;所谓的;一般所说的 They are what is called “the lowly” in the USA. 他们在美国是所谓的“低等人” 。 3、what with (by)…and what with (by) 一则……再则……;一方面……另一方面……;由于……和……的缘故 What with overwork and (what with) undernourishment, she fell ill. 由于工作过度和营养不良，她病倒了。 4、A之于B正如C之于D ①A is to B what C is to D. A pen is to a writer what the gun is to a fighter. 笔之于作家，犹如枪之于战士。 What air is to man,water is to fish. 水对鱼的关系就象空气对人的关系一样。 ②A does for B what C does for D. Leaves do for plants what lungs do for animals. 叶子对植物的作用相当于肺对动物的作用。 ③What C is to D that A is to B. What food is to man’s body that reading is to the mind. 读书之于心灵，犹如食物之于人的身体。 What lungs are to the body,that parks are to the city． 公园对于城市犹如肺对于人体。 5、what for 为什么 What did you do that for? 你为什么这么做？ 6、what though 即使……又有什么关系 What though it’s raining? 即使下雨又有什么关系呢？ 7、what of那又怎么样呢;那有什么关系 His speech may not be exactly standard English but what of that? 他的演讲不可能是标准的英语，那又怎么样呢？ 8、but what 意为“不……而不”， There isn’t a day but what it rains these days.这些天没有一天不下雨。 9、so what 那又怎么样 （含有“不高兴”、“不重视”之意） You don’t like my drinking. So what? 你不喜欢我喝酒，那又怎么样呢？ 10、what’s what 事情的真相”。 (口语中通常与动词know、tell、learn、show等连用) It will take you a few weeks to know what’s what in this job. 你需要几周的时间才能知道这份工作的意义。 11、what it takes (取得成功或达到目的) 所需要的... She may not be very gifted but she certainly has what it takes. 她可能不是很有天赋，但她确实有自己的天赋。 12、and what not 等等 We had some beef, and what not in the restaurant. 我们吃了一些牛肉，而餐馆里没有。 13、what has become of…? ……的结果/下场如何 What has become of the rebellion? 叛乱的结果如何？ 14、what’s more而且；更重要的是；另外 What's more, if you think about how to survive now, you'll be well prepared to change direction if the need arises. 更为重要的是，如果您现在也考虑这个如何生存的问题，那么一旦有需要的时候您就会对改变方向做好万全的准备。 15、what’s worse更糟的是 Great men are too often unknown, or, what is worse, mistaken. 伟人常常不为他人所理解, 更糟的是, 被他人所误解。 16、what’s the matter怎么了 What’s wrong/the matter /the problem/the trouble with her?她怎么了？ 五、what口语惯用 1、What’s the catch(:trap) ?有什么意图/内幕? 2、What’s the drill (:procedure)?步骤是什么? I want to order a computer for our company , what’s the drill ? 我想帮公司订一台电脑，要怎么做? 3、What do you say ?你觉得如何呢？ I’m hitting the beach on Sunday , I’d love you to join me , what do you say ? 我星期日要去海滩，我想要你跟我一起去，好吗? 4、What goes around , comes around .因果报应 Hey , what goes around , comes around . I’ll come back with the revenge . 怎么去就怎么来，我会回来复仇的。 5. What do I owe you ?(:How much do I need to pay you?)我要付你多少钱? 6. What’s eating him ? 谁惹他生气了或什么在困扰他? 7.What are you getting at ?你想说的重点是什么? (: What are you driving at ?/ What do you really want to say ?) 8. What’s done is done ．事已至此(后悔没用)。 9. What’s with ...？怎么回事？ Hey , what’s with the copy machine?这影印机怎么了？ 10. What’s the deal with ...? ... ...进展如何？ What’s the deal with the school project ?学校的计划现在如何了？ 11. What’s cooking ?(:what’s up ?/what’s happening ?) 怎么了? 六、小试牛刀 1.The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered the boy would do. 2. After that, happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery. 3.Now you never know happy days we had in the camp. 4. It was a video explaining her anxiety was like and how it affected her. 5. More than half of Britain’s gardeners did not spot a hedgehog, frog, fox, mouse or bat, in their gardens in 2016, as wildlife experts warn that were considered to be common animals once are continuing to decline. 6.Even though we may feel in our business dealings or social relationships that we are listening well, we are usually doing is listening selectively. 7. It is not how much we do but how much love we put into we do that benefits our work most. 8. We dreamed about we would do with the money, but we rarely stop to think about how the money would change us. 9.But before long, they began to see which was happening. 10.My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday. 11.So if they had said was true, I would have a chance of winning the prize. 12. That she wanted was for the people to be able to move it themselves and organize their own transport. Key: 1-8 what 9. which 改为what 10. how 改为what 11. if后加what 12. That 改为 What 七、分析理解下列各句 1.Elwarth’s barn was burnt down in the fire, but fortunately they save what cattle there were in the barn. Elwarth 的畜棚在火灾中被烧毁,但幸运的是他们把棚里牲畜都救了出来。 2.It was built by working men and women who dug into what little savings they had to give ＄5 and ＄10 and ＄20 to the cause. 我们的竞选能有今天是因为辛勤工作的人们从自己的微薄积蓄中拿出钱来，捐5美元、10美元或20美元支持竞选。 3.What was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality. 曾经被认为是不可能的事情现在已经变成现实。 4.You can’t shut your eyes to the fact that what he did was right. 他做的是正确的，你不能不顾这个事实。 5.By the year 2015, the population will be twice what it is today. 到2015年，人口将达到现在的两倍。 6.He eats twice what you eat. 他吃起饭来，一个顶你两个。 7.What is certain is that (a) they’re necessary for our mental health, (b) everyone has them. 可以肯定的是：（一）梦对我们的精神健康有必要，（二）每个人都做梦。 8.In character-training of children, what really matters much is what their parents say and do. 在孩子的性格培养上，真正起很大作用的就是父母的一言一行。 9.Even though the pure water is what gives sea water its main properties, the salinity of sea water affects both its weight and freezing point. 虽然纯水赋予了海水的主要特性，然而海水的盐度却影响了它的重量和冰点。 10.Water, which seems so simple and common, is what makes life possible. 水，看起来是如此的简单与平凡，却使生命成为可能。 11.What all these group shave in common is that they ask to be treated with respect, share the right to work, good housing conditions and education, and be treated equally to other people, regardless of race, religion or sex. 所有这些群体的共同要求是无论任何种族、宗教信仰和性别，都应受到尊重，享受工作权、良好的居住条件、教育权和平等权。 12.If a ship is lost in what is known as the Bermuda Triangle, the Coast Guard considers it a disaster. 如果一艘船在世界闻名的百慕大三角带发生事故，海岸警卫队认为这肯定是一场天灾。 13.Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. 第一批人具体是什么时候来到我们现在称之为加利福尼亚的地方,谁也说不清楚。 14.Two centuries later, the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States. 两个世纪以后，西班牙人在南美洲的大部分地区定居下来，而且还在我们现在称之为美国的西北沿海地区住下来。 15.In front of us, going directly towards the plain, was what appeared to be a wide, straight highway. 我们前边径直通向平原的好像是一条笔直、宽阔的公路。 16.Air is to us is what water is to fish. 空气对于人就像水对于鱼一样。 17.In 1879, Oxford University in England asked Pro. James Murray to serve as editor for what was to be the most ambitious dictionary in the history of the English language. 1879年，英国牛津大学请詹姆斯默里当编辑，要编撰出英语历史上最大型的词典。 18.At this depth, a slow shower of what looks like snow is falling. 在这个深度，一阵看上去像雪的东西会慢慢地落下。 19.When Della reached home she looked at what was left of her poor hair and started to work on it. 德拉到家后，看了看所剩下的可怜的头发，就开始整理起来。 20.What little information we have collected is far from enough for us to make a final decision. 我们所收集到资料太少，远不够让我们做出最后的决定。 21.What little free time he had was spent with his wife and children. 他仅有的一点空余时间都是与其妻子和孩子们一起度过的。 22.What few friends I have there were very kind to me during my stay. 在我逗留期间，我在那里的仅有几个朋友对我很好。 23.The accident completely wiped out what little sight he had left. 这次事故使他仅有的一点视力也完全丧失了。 24.After sharing what little food they had, the old couple let the two angles sleep in their bed where they could have a good night’s rest. 这对老夫妇把仅有的一点点食物拿从来与两位天使分享，又让出自己的床给他们好好睡一觉。 25.The little boy use what little strength he had to push the door open. 这小男孩使劲地把门推开。 26.When I studied at Vancouver University, I attended what few lectures Professor Smith gave us. 我在温哥华大学学习期间，史密斯教授给我们作的为数不多的讲座我都去听了。 27.Though she could hardly make ends meet herself, she managed to save what little money she could out of her slim salary to help her brother to go to school. 虽然她自己几乎不能收支平衡,但还是从她微薄的薪水中省出一些钱帮助她的兄弟上学。 28.He claims to be an expert in astronomy, but in actual fact he is quite ignorant on the subject. What little he knows a bout it is out of date and inaccurate. 他自称是天文学方面的专家,但是事实上他对这一领域知之甚少。他所知道的 点点天文知识也是过时的和不准确的。 29.The home improvements have taken what little there is of my spare time. 改善家居条件占据了我仅有的一点点空余时间。 30.He could talk endlessly by the yard of what little he did know. 他可以把他所知道的一点点东西滔滔不绝地谈个不停。 |
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