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麻醉学案例 Case 34 Routine Cesarean Section and Local Anesthetic Toxicity 01. render [ˈrendə(r)] v. ~ sb/sth + adj. 使成为；使变得；使处于某状态 to
cause sb/sth to be in a particular state or condition // The picture of
desolation rendered me almost speechless. 可是现在眼前这副荒凉的景象是我简直哑口无言。02. prone to 倾向于；易于…的 // I was prone to meditating on time and age. 我总是去沉思岁月和人生。// Drought is a natural disaster that South Africans prone to. 干旱时南非容易遭受的自然灾害。03. vascularity [ˌvæskjʊ'lærɪtɪ] n.血管供应；〔医〕血管形成 the quality or state of being vascular04. glottic [ɡ'lɒtɪk] adj.声门的；舌的 supra glottic 声门上Etymology Greek glōtt-, glōtto-, glōss-, glōsso- tongue,
from glōtta, glossadiathesis [daɪ'æθɪsɪs] n.【医】(易患某种疾病的)素质 plural diatheses : a constitutionalpredisposition ([ˌpriːdɪspəˈzɪʃ(ə)n] n.（易患某种病的）体质) toward a particular state
or condition and especially one that is abnormal or diseased → diathetic adj.06. give consent (for) 同意consent [kən'sent] n./v. 同意；允许// I never consented to any of it. 我从未同意这么做过。// The constitution says marriage shall be only with the mutual
consent of both sexes. 宪法规定只要双方同意就能够结婚。07. accidental subdural injection 意外的硬膜下注射 subdural [sʌb'djʊərəl] a dj.〔医〕硬膜下的 situated
or occurring beneath the dura mater or between the dura mater and the arachnoid
membrane dura ['djʊərə] n.【解】硬脑[脊]膜 08. post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) 穿刺后头痛 Post dural puncture headache (PDPH), also known as post lumbar
puncture (LP) headache, is a common complication of diagnostic LP. It also can
occur following spinal anesthesia or, more commonly, inadvertent ([ˌɪnəd'vɜ:tənt] adj.无心的) dural puncture during attempted
epidural catheter placement. The headache is usually positional ([pə'zɪʃənəl] adj.位置相关的) (worse when upright, better when lying flat) and is often
accompanied by neck stiffness, photophobia ([ˌfəʊtə'fəʊbɪə] n.【医】畏光), nausea ([ˈnɔːsiə] n.恶心；反胃), or
subjective hearing symptoms. 
09. epidural abscess 硬膜外脓肿A spinal epidural ([ˌepɪˈdjʊərəl] adj.硬膜外的) abscess ([ˈæbses]
n.脓肿) is an accumulation of pus ([pʌs] n.脓) in the epidural space that can
mechanically compress ([kəm'pres] v.压缩) the spinal cord. Diagnosis is by MRI or, if unavailable,myelography (脊髓造影) followed by CT. Treatment involves
antibiotics and sometimes drainage (['dreɪnɪdʒ] n.排放，引流) of the
abscess.10. meningitis [.menɪn'dʒaɪtɪs] n.脑膜炎；脑脊膜炎 inflammation of the meninges
and especially of the pia mater (软脑膜) and arachnoid ([ə'ræknɔɪd] adj.【解】蛛网膜的)specifically : a disease marked by
inflammation of the meninges ([mə'nɪndʒi:z] n.脑脊膜) that
is either a relatively mild illness caused by a virus (['vaɪrəs] n.病毒) or a
more severe usually life-threatening illness caused by a bacterium ([bækˈtɪəriəm] n.“bacteria”的单数；细菌)
11. comorbidity [kemɒr'bɪdətɪ] n. 合并症 → comorbid adj. existing
simultaneously with and usually independently of another medical condition //
Comorbidity rates tell us how common it is for people in a population to have
any two diseases at one time. 合并症率告诉我们人群中同时患有任何两种疾病的概率。12. emphasize [ˈemfəsaɪz] v.强调；重视 // The researchers even emphasized that the task was tedious and
boring. 研究人员甚至强调，这项任务乏味又无聊。13. backup [ˈbækʌp] n.后援；（文件等的）备份 // That backup generator should’ve
been replaced last year. 备用发电机去年就应该替换掉了。14. uneventfully 太平无事地
→ uneventful adj. marked by no noteworthy or untoward
incidents // She doesn’t seem all that excited about her job and generally
comes across as living a very quiet life. 她似乎也不怎么热爱自己的工作，过着一种安静、平淡的生活。
15. uterine [ˈjuːtəraɪn] adj.【解】子宫的；of, relating to, or affecting the uterus ([ˈjuːt(ə)rəs] n.子宫) gravid
uterus un.孕卵子宫 16. aorta [eɪˈɔː(r)tə] n.主动脉 plural aortas or aortae: the greatarterial ([ɑː(r)ˈtɪəriəl] adj.动脉的) trunk that carries blood from
the heart to be distributed by branch arteries through the body 17. inferior vena cava 下腔静脉 → superior vena cava 上腔静脉 18. maneuver [məˈnuːvə(r)] n.技巧；谨慎或熟练的动作 a procedure or method of working usually involving expert physical
movement // What if I choke on my popcorn? Who will administer the Heimlich
maneuver? 要是我被爆米花噎住了呢？谁来做海姆利克操作法救我？
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