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日读一句 5 Environmental organizations and researchers say the wildfires blazing in the rainforest were set by cattle ranchers and loggers who want to clear and utilize the land, emboldened by the country's pro-business president. 句意翻译 环境机构和研究人员说，正在燃烧的森林大火是由因受到重商主义总统的鼓励而想要清理和利用土地的农场主和伐木工人点燃的。 结构分析 1. 去除枝叶，压缩长句： 定语从句who want to clear and utilize the land； emboldened by 没有be动词，但by又表示被动，那么只能当作过去分词，且位于cattle ranchers and loggers 名词词组以及定语从句之后，可理解为：1)作定语从句的状语，修饰want to ...; 2)作后置定语，直接修饰ranchers and loggers ; 2. 区分主从句，确定主干： 宾语从句the wildfires blazing in the rainforest were set by... ..., blazing in the rainforest现在分词作wildfires的后置定语；主句Environmental organizations and researchers say... ... 基本结构：organizations and researchers say the wildfires … were set by ranchers and loggers … who …, emboldened by …. 总结：本句的主要特点是定语成分较多，其中对过去分词emboldened的判断是难点。 语法点津： 过去分词作谓语和非谓语的区别 1. 同形的过去式、过去分词 1) 规则变化的过去式、过去分词有很多： allowed, admitted, begged, considered, explained 等； 2) 不规则变化的过去式、过去分词也不少： bet, build, burn, cost, cut, feed, fight, hang , hit, hear, hold, hurt, meet, read, say, sell, send, set, shine, sit, sleep, smell, spell, spoil, sweep, teach, think, understand, win 2. 作谓语、非谓语 a. 作谓语有两种情况：表主动的过去式，表被动的被动式： The knife cut my finger. 那把刀割了我的手指。 My finger was cut by the knife. 我的手指被刀割了。b. 作非谓语，词面上比过去式多了一个by, 比被动式少了一个be动词，但保留了被动的语义，可以在句子中作定语、状语、补足语和表语： My finger cut by the knife was painful. 我被刀割的手指很疼。 Cut by the knife, my finger was infected with virus. 被刀割伤了，我的手指上感染了病毒。 Back home, Mom found my finger cut by the knife. 回到家，妈妈发现我的手指被刀割破了。 My finger was found cut by the knife. 我的手指被刀割破了。 My finger was badly cut by the knife. 我的手指被刀割得很厉害。 补充词汇： 1. blaze [bleɪz]n.大火，火焰; v.熊熊燃烧; 闪耀; 2. rancher [ˈrɑ:ntʃə(r) ]n.大牧场主; 大农场工人，牧场工人; 牧屋 3. logger[ˈlɒgə(r)] n.<美>樵夫; 伐木工; 记录器 4. embolden [ɪmˈbəʊldən] vt.鼓励，使有胆量 巩固练习 1. Anyone, ____ bags, boxes, or whatever, was stopped by the police. A.seen carry B. seen carrying C. saw to carry D. saw carrying 2. She couldn’t make herself _____ above the noise. A.hearing B. to hear C. hear D. heard 3. In the distance, I saw a red sky in the morning _____ to be a sign of bad weather. A.says B. is saying C. has said D. said 4. He put forward other possibilities ______ no attention to at the meeting. A.pay B. paid C. paying D. to pay 5. _____ on time, this medicine will be quite effective. A.Taking B. Being taken C. Taken D. Having taken 6. The film star walked to his car, ______ a crowd of journalists. A.followed by B. following by C. to follow by D. to be followed by 7. Please make my excuse at tomorrow’s discussion. I’ve got too much work _____. A.to do to come B. doing coming C. to do coming D. to do come 8. Friendship is like money, easier made than______. A.kept B. keeping C. to be kept D. being kept 9. Do not leave the building unless ____ to do so. A.to instruct B. instructed C. being instructed D. instructing 10._____ to our small flat, Bill’s house seemed like a palace. A.Compared B. Comparing C. To be compared D. To compare Key: BDDBC AAABA |
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