流感，全称“流行性感冒”，虽然名字里面带有“感冒”两个字，但是，与普通感冒大相径庭。1、首先，症状重：持续发热，全身疼痛，咳嗽，儿童还常常出现呕吐，腹泻，等等。2、其次，并发症多，如：肺炎，有国外学者连续统计了7年的流感住院患儿，发现其中28%存在肺炎。
不仅如此，还有很多严重并发症，如呼吸衰竭、脑炎、心肌炎，等等。3、所以，流感可造成儿童及老人死亡率增加，虽然比不上新冠，但也不可忽视；在流感大流行期间，也可造成年轻成人的死亡率增加。4、我们还必须知道，流感每年都会爆发，只是，程度不同而已。美国CDC免疫实践咨询委员会（ACIP）及美国儿科学会（AAP）推荐所有6月龄及以上者都要每年接种流感疫苗。北半球的流感季一般为10月到次年5月，而接种疫苗后产生具有保护水平的抗体，大约需要2~4周。有人说，我去年已经打过了，今年是不是可以不用打了？
流感疫苗的保护效力一般只能维持数月，所以，还得打。
所有大于等于6个月（180天），没有禁忌症的人，都可以注射。（4）某些疾病或特殊情况，具体请咨询免疫接种医生。
美国CDC免疫实践咨询委员会（ACIP）推荐，对所有阶段的妊娠女性及流感季期间可能妊娠的女性接种流感灭活疫苗，但不能接种减毒活疫苗。流感病毒分为很多种不同的毒株，流感疫苗的保护作用，很大程度上取决于疫苗所含病毒株与流感季期间流行的病毒株之间的“相符”或“匹配”程度。如果相符程度高，估计其预防率约为50%-80%。如果相符程度低，效果下降，但仍可显著降低流感的并发症和死亡率。5、哪些人是重点人群，应该优先接种？ 我国推荐以下人群为流感疫苗优先接种对象： （1) 6~23月龄的婴幼儿。 （2) 2~5岁儿童。 （3) 60岁及以上老年人。 （4) 特定慢性病患者：心血管疾病（单纯高血压除外）、慢性呼吸系统疾病、肝肾功能不全、血液病、神经系统疾病、神经肌肉功能障碍、代谢性疾病（包括糖尿病）等慢性病患者，患有免疫抑制疾病或免疫功能低下者。 （5) 医务人员。 （6) 6月龄以下婴儿的家庭成员和看护人员。 （7) 孕妇或准备在流感季节怀孕的女性。 6. 流感疫苗要接种几剂？ 我国流感疫苗接种指南建议： 6月龄~8岁儿童：首次接种应接种2剂，间隔≥4周（28天）；如上个流感季或之前接种过一剂或以上流感疫苗的儿童，接种1剂，之后每年1剂。 ≥9岁儿童及成人：每年接种1剂。
部分产品说明书的规定略有不同。 7、接种流感疫苗，有不良反应吗？
（1）最常见的不良反应为注射部位的局部疼痛；
（2）可能会发热，特别是2岁以下儿童常见，发生率约为10~35%，通常于接种疫苗后24小时内出现。 （3）严重不良反应，是比较罕见的。 值得提出的是，有一种疾病，格林巴利综合征，这是一种可能引起瘫痪的疾病，流感疫苗的接种可能增加患此病的风险，但风险很低且存在争议。 总之，接种流感疫苗，利大于弊，特别是在新冠疫情这个特殊时期。 因为它们都是呼吸道传染病，症状类似，提前接种流感疫苗，即使出现相应症状，也便于医生进行病情判断，以免贻误。
2020年，我国流感疫苗批签发量预计比2019年翻番，达到5000万剂。不过，这也仅能覆盖我国4%的人口，人群整体接种率仍较低。 相较于美国，其在2018年11月初，流感疫苗覆盖率就达到了约45%。 差距，就是这么大！
疫苗接种，一般是通过社区医院等基层医疗机构预约，如有意向，请尽快预约。
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