七下英语单元核心语法精讲（上）

人教版七年级英语下册 Units 1~5

单元核心语法精讲

情态动词can的用法

1.can的个性展示

can本身有一定含义,但不能独立存在,它必须与动词原形一起构成谓语.情态动词can没有人称和数的变化.

2.can的具体用法

意为“能,会”,指脑力或体力方面的“能力”	I can   speak English.我会说英语. Jim can   swim, but I can't.吉姆会游泳,但我不会.
表示许可,意为“可以”,常用于口语中,这时相当于may	Can/May I   come in?我可以进来吗?

3.can的句式表演

肯定句句式	主语＋can+动词原形十其他
否定句句式	主语＋can't+动词原形＋其他
一般疑问句句式及答语	Can+主语十动词原形十其他? 肯定回答:Yes,主语＋can. 否定回答:No,主语＋can't.
特殊疑问句	特殊疑问词＋can+主语十动词原形十其他?

4.can的巧记口诀

表能力,要用can.陈述句里记特点.

肯定can后加动原,否定can后not连.

疑问句,can提前.

肯定回答“Yes,主语＋can”.

否定回答“No,主语＋can't.,”记心间.

语法精练

1.用所给单词的适当形式填空

1.I can't________ (write) stories, Can you help me, Mary?

2. My mother can________ (speak) English very well.

3.What can your brother________ (do)?

4.Miss Lin can't play the piano, but she can________ (sing)well.

5.Little Tom can draw, but he________ (can not) dance.

答案:

1.1.write  2.speak  3.do  4.sing  5.can't

II.单项选择

1.-- ________ you tell us a story in English?

--I think I can do it. Let me try.

A. Need

B. Can

C. Should

D. Must

2.-- ________ I take photos here?

--Sorry, you can't. It's not allowed in the museum.

A. Must

B. Need

C. Can

D. Will

3.We should learn some basic life skills since we________ depend on our parents some day.

A. can

B. can't

C. must

D. mustn't

4. --What kind of music do you like?

--I like music that I________ dance to.

A. can

B. must

C. should

D. need

5.--There is a new art museum in our city. You________ miss it.

--Thank you. I won't.

A. can't

B. must

C.   needn't

答案:

1.B 考查情态动词辨析.句意:－你能用英语给我们讲一个故事吗？－我认为我能.让我试试.need需要;can能;

should应当;must必须.故选B.

2.C 考查情态动词辨析.句意:－我能在这里拍照吗？－抱歉,你不能.博物馆不允许拍照.must必须;need需要;can能;will将.故选C.

3.B 考查情态动词辨析.句意:既然我们有一天不能依靠父母,我们就应当学会一些基本的生活技能.can能;can't不能;must必须;mustn't不应该.故选B.

4.A 考查情态动词辨析.句意:－你喜欢哪种音乐？－我喜欢能伴着跳舞的音乐.can能;must 必须;should应当;need需要.故选A.

5.A 考查情态动词辨析.句意:－我们城市有一个新的艺术博物馆.你不能错过它.－谢谢.我不会的.can't不能;must必须;needn't不必.故选A.

III.按要求改写句子(每空一词)

1.My father can speak English well.(改为一般疑问句)

________ your father________ English well?

2.Tom can ride a horse.(改为否定句)

Tom________ ________ a horse.

3.Mr.Green can do Chinese kung fu.(对画线部分提问)

________ ________ Mr. Green________?

4.Can Tom and Jim draw pictures?(作肯定回答)

Yes, ________ ________.

5.play,can,Cindy,well,the,guitar(连词成句)

___________________________________________________________________________________________?

答案:

1.Can;speak  2. can't ride  3.What can; do  4.they can

5.Can Cindy play the guitar well

语法精讲2

一、频度副词

定义	用来表示频率的副词,叫频度副词.常见的频度副词有:always,   usually, often, sometimes, never等
频度 副词 在句 中的 位置	通常在be动词、助动词或情态动词之后	He is   always busy.他总是很忙. I will   never forget you.我永远也不会忘记你.
	通常位于实义动词之前	They   often go swimming.他们经常去游泳.
	sometimes可放在句首、句中或句尾	Sometimes   she watches TV.她有时看电视.
提问	how often意为“多久一次”	-How   often do you drink milk?-你多久喝一次牛奶? -Every   day.-每天.

二、一般现在时

定义	表达现在的状态,主语的性格、能力以及经常或习惯性的动作等
动词形 态变化	主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式	He   usually takes the bus to school. 他通常乘坐公交车去上学.
	主语不是第三人称单数,谓语动词用原形	They   watch TV every day. 他们每天都看电视.

三、句式结构

句式结构	肯定句句式	主语＋be/行为动词＋其他
	否定句句式	主语＋be+ not+其他
		主语＋don't/doesn't＋动词原形＋其他
	一般疑问句句式	Be+主语＋其他?
		Do/Does+主语十动词原形十其他?

语法精练

1.用所给单词的适当形式填空

1.Mary usually________ (go) shopping with her mother on Sunday.

2. ________ (do)Peter________ (take)a shower in the evening or in the morning?

3.Lisa________ (not do) her homework in the evening.

4.She never________ (eat) hamburgers for lunch.

5.-What time Jack________ (go) to bed?

-At 10:30 p.m.

答案:

1.goes  2.Does;take  3.doesn't do  4.eats  5.does;go

II.按要求改写句子(每空一词)

1.Mr. Green usually goes to work at seven o'clock.(改为一般疑问句)

________ Mr. Green usually________ to work at seven o'clock?

2.Anna always plays volleyball after school.(改为否定句)

Anna________ plays volleyball after school.

3.I do my homework at home on weekends.(改为否定句)

I________ ________ my homework at home on weekends.

4.Lisa sometimes eats bread for breakfast.(对画线部分提问)

________ ________ ________ Lisa________ bread for breakfast?

5.They usually exercise in the morning.(用 he改写句子)

________ usually________ in the morning.

答案:

1.Does;go  2.never  3.don't do  4.How often does; eat  5.He;exercises

语法精讲3

一、how引导的特殊疑问句

1.直接由how引导的特殊疑问句

询问交通方式	How does   she get to school?她是如何到校的?
询问身体状况	How are   your parents?你父母身体好吗?
询问天气状况	How is   the weather today?今天天气怎么样?
询问程度	How do   you like the TV show?你觉得这个电视节目怎么样?

2.由“how+形容词／副词”引导的特殊疑问句

how long	意为“多长”,询问时间或物体的长度
how far	意为“多远”,询问距离
how often	意为“多久一次”,询问频率
how old	意为“多大”,询问年龄
how many	意为“多少”,询问可数名词的数量
how much	意为“多少”,询问不可数名词的数量
	意为“多少钱”,询问价格

二、交通方式的表达

动词(短语)	1.take   a/the+交通工具 take   a/the subway/bus/train/boat乘地铁／公共汽车／火车／船
	2.其他表达方式 walk 步行 ride   a/the/one's bike 骑自行车 drive a   car 开车
介词(短语)	1.by+交通工具 by bike骑自行车 by   car/bus/train/subway/boat乘车／公共汽车／火车／地铁／船
	2.in/on+限定词十交通工具 on the   bus 乘公共汽车 in a car 乘车
	3.固定表达方式 on foot 步行

语法精练

I.根据句意填写疑问词(组),完成句子

1.-- _________ does Linda get to school?

--She takes the bus.

2.-- _________ _________ does it take you to get home from work?

--About twenty minutes.

3.-- _________ _________ is it from here?

--One hundred kilometers.

4.--I walk to school. _________ about you, Jane?

--I ride my bike.

5.-- _________ _________ people are there in the photo?

--Six.

答案:

1.How  2.How long  3.How far  4.How  5.How many

II.单项选择

1.I usually_________ to the bus stop, and then go to school by bus.

A. by bike

B. on my bike

C. in my bike

D. ride my bike

2.-- _________ does Bob usually go to work?

--He usually rides his bike.

A. What

B. How

C. Where

D. Who

3.--Excuse me. _________ is it to the East Station?

--About half an hour by taxi.

A. How many

B. How long

C. How far

D. How old

4.-- _________ do you visit Uncle Tom?

--Once a week.

A. How long

B. How often

C. How soon

答案:

1.D 考查动词短语的用法.句意:我通常骑自行车到公交站,然后坐公交上学.I后面需要一个动词短语.故选D.

2.B 考查疑问词辨析.由答语“他通常骑自行车”可知,问句是询问上班的交通方式.故选B.

3.C 考查疑问词组辨析.句意:－打扰一下.到东站有多远?－－坐出租车大约半个小时.how many多少;how long 多久;how far多远;how old几岁.故选C.

4.B 考查特殊疑问词组辨析.由答语“每周一次”可知,问句是询问“你多久拜访一次汤姆叔叔”.提问频率用how often.故选B.

语法精讲4

一、祈使句

1.祈使句的定义

表示请求、命令、建议、警告、劝说等的句子叫祈使句.在祈使句中,肯定句一般以动词原形开头,通常省略主语you;否定句在动词原形前加don't.

2.祈使句的句式结构

祈使句句式	肯定句句式	否定句句式
P型:Please十动词原形十其他	Please   stand up.	Please   don't stand up.
V型:动词原形十其他	Look at   the blackboard.	Don't   look at the blackboard.
L型:Let+宾语十动词原形＋其他	Let her go.	Don't let   her go./ Let her not go.
B型:Be+表语	Be   careful.	Don't be   late for class!
N型:No+名词／动名词	／	No   photos! No parking!

3.祈使句用法口诀

祈使句,祈使句,请求、命令或建议.

主语是you常省去,动词原形开头记.

否定形式要注意,句首要把don't加.

要讲客气用please,句首、句末没关系.

二、must和 have to辨析

1.两者均意为“必须”.must更强调说话者的主观意愿,have to强调客观需要,意为“不得不”.

2.must一般只表示现在,没有人称和数的变化;而have to则可以用于不同的时态,有人称和数的变化.

3.两者的否定式含义大不相同.mustn't 意为“不准;禁止”,而don't have to意为“不必”.

【注意】以must开头的一般疑问句,其肯定回答用must;否定回答用needn't或don't have to.

语法精练

1.用所给单词的适当形式填空

1. _________ (finish)your homework first.

2. _________ (not come) to the zoo before 6 o'clock, please.

3.Please_________ (be) quiet in the room.

4.No_________ (swim) in the river!

5.They have to_________ (do) their homework when they get home.

答案:

1.Finish  2.Don't come  3.be  4.swimming  5.do

II.单项选择

1. _________ play the guitar here, Jack. It's too noisy.

A. Can't

B. No

C. Don't

D.   Doesn't

2.--Jack, _________ leave the dirty dishes in the kitchen!

--Sorry, Mom.

A. can't

B.   doesn't

C. don't

3. _________ run in the hallway, children!

A. Don't

B. Not

C. Can't

4.--Can I go out with Lisa, Dad?

--Yes, but you_________ come back home before five o'clock, You'll have an art lesson then.

A. must

B. can

C.   mustn't

D. can't

5.We_________ be noisy in the library and we_________ keep the books clean.

A. have to; must

B. must;   can't

C. have to; can't

D. can't;  have to

答案:

1.C 考查祈使句.句意:不要在这里弹吉他,杰克.太吵了.祈使句的否定句是“Don't+动词原形”.故选C.

2.C 考查祈使句.句意:－Jack,不要把脏餐具留在厨房里.－抱歉,妈妈.祈使句的否定句是“Don't+动词原形”.故选C.

3.A 考查祈使句.句意:孩子们,不要在走廊里跑！祈使句的否定句是“Don't+动词原形”.故选A.

4.A 考查情态动词辨析.句意:－爸爸,我可以和丽莎出去吗?－－是的,但你必须在五点钟之前回家.那时你要上一节艺术课.故选A.

5.D 考查情态动词辨析.句意:我们不能在图书馆里吵闹,我们必须保持干净.can't不能;have to不得不.故选D.

语法精讲5

一、形容词

形容词修饰名词,用以说明事物或人的性质和特征.它通常在句子中作定语、表语或宾语补足语等.

句中成分	说明	示例
定语	一般修饰名词,置于名词之前	She is a   happy girl.她是一个幸福的女孩.
表语	置于系动词(be, look, feel, sound等)之后,可以被程度副词 very, too等修饰	The girl   is beautiful.这个女孩很漂亮.
宾语补足语	说明宾语的状态、特征等	What   makes you so happy?什么使你这么开心?

二、特殊疑问句

1.定义及答语

特殊疑问词引导的疑问句叫特殊疑问句,其结构为“特殊疑问词十一般疑问句?”回答特殊疑问句不能用yes或no.回答时要针对具体情况来作出回答.

2.特殊疑问词

特殊疑问词分为两类:疑问代词和疑问副词,其用法归纳如下:

Who	意为“谁”,用于对主语(人称代词)进行提问
Whom	意为“谁”,用于对宾语(人称代词)进行提问
When	意为“何时”,用于对时间进行提问
Where	意为“哪里”,用于对具体地点进行提问
How	意为“怎样”,用于对方式进行提问
Why	意为“为什么”,用于对原因进行提问
What	意为“什么”,用于对某人的名字、职业等进行提问
Which	用于对“哪个;哪些”进行提问

【注意】由why引导的特殊疑问句,一般要用because引导的从句来回答.because是连词,作“因为”讲,其后要接一个句子来陈述理由.例如:

-Why does she do that?-她为什么要那样做?

-Because she wants to help the person.-因为她想帮助那个人.

语法精练

I.单项选择

1.--Don't be_________. Jack! Help me clean the room right now!

--OK, Mom.

A. afraid

B. lazy

C. shy

D. quiet

2.--_________ is Jenny from?

--She comes from the US.

A. What

B. Who

C. When

D. Where

3.-- _________ do you like this book?

--Because it's exciting.

A. Why

B. What

C. How

D. Who

4.My brother is very_________. He can always make new things.

A. smart

B.

busy

C. kind

5.-- _________ was the car invented?

--It was invented in 1885.

A. When

B. Which

C. Who

D. Where

答案:

1.B 考查形容词辨析.句意:－不要懒惰,杰克！立即帮助我清扫房间！－好的,妈妈.afraid害怕的;lazy懒惰的;

shy害羞的;quiet安静的.故选B.

2.D 考查特殊疑问词辨析.由答语“她来自美国”可知,问句是询问珍妮来自什么地方.对地方提问需用 where.故选D.

3.A 考查疑问词辨析.句意:－你为什么喜欢这本书?－因为它是令人兴奋的.why为什么;what什么;how怎样;who谁.故选A.

4.A 考查形容词辨析.句意:我弟弟很聪明.他总是能制作新东西.smart聪明的;busy忙碌的;kind和蔼的.故选A.

5.A 考查特殊疑问词辨析.由答语中的“在1885年”可知,问句是询问“汽车是什么时候被发明的”.对时间提问用when.故选A.

II.对画线部分提问(每空一词)

1.Linda doesn't like math because it's difficult.

_________ _________ Linda_________ math?

2.I can see some books on the table.

_________ can you_________ on the table?

3.Mr. Green often goes to work at 7:30 in the morning.

_________ _________ Mr. Green often go to work?

4.Lions are from South Africa.

_________ _________ lions from?

5.Most students go to school by bus.

_________ _________ most students go to school?

答案:

1.Why doesn't; like  2.What;see  3.When does  4.Where are  5.How do