|
中国高考评价体系包含“一核”“四层”“四 翼”。其中,“四层”指考查内容，即核心价值、学科 素养、关键能力、必备知识,是素质教育目标在高考中的提炼，回答了“考什么”的问题。关键能力是学生在面对与学科相关的生活实践或学习探索问题情境时，有效地认识问题、分析问题、解决问题所必须具备的能力。高考英语科的关键能力包 括听力理解、阅读理解、书面表达和口语表达等。“2023英语新高考I卷”突出了对上述关键能力的考查。本文仅以其中的阅读题为例，分析阅读理解 关键能力的体现。 
教育部考试中心助理研究员陈康等人将英语科的阅读理解能力归纳为七项，分别为：以下结合试题，分享阐述新高考I卷对这七项阅读能力的考查。新高考I卷对词汇的要求，除了常规的“理解常规核心词”之外，我认为它还在以下两个方面有所要求： 纵观整个阅读理解部分的4个语篇，我们可以发现很多的派生词，这里以C篇为例，有教师统计如下：全文共299词，文本中出现课标词的合成词、派生词或转换词共13个，课标未收录词1个，declutter。这里：选择性必修阶段掌握的词汇（用**标识），共12个。（该表格引自：公众号“爱疯英语”06-14这天罗厚健老师文章）由此可看到：命题人并未将派生词作为生词。对派生词的理解，是学生必须要具备的识词能力。这一要求，常被化妆为“词汇猜测题”出现。2023新高考I卷中也体现这一要求。例如：C篇的29题就是需要学生猜测declutter这一超纲词。事实上，尽管该词是超纲词，但是依据下文以及给定答案选项，我们不难猜出其正确含义。下面是declutter的上下文以及给定的备选项。Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty years.29. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean?A. Clear-up. B. Add-on. C. Check-in. D. Take-over.这一关键能力要求考生应能从语科中提取诸如数字、时间、地点、人物、事件及活动的起因、过程、方式、结果等细节信息，并能够理解概念性信息。这些信息有的可以直接从文中获取，有的需要进行简单归纳。对具体信息的考查，通常以“细节理解”题出现，但正如上文所言，这种理解，有时我们可以直接提取，有时需要归纳概括。In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.【30】What is presented in the final chapter of part one?A.Theoretical models. B. Statistical methods. C.Practical examples. D. Historical analyses每篇文章甚至每个段落都有主旨要义。考生应能识别或总结概括文章或段落的主旨要义。This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.【32】 What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A. The methods of estimation. B. The underlying logic of the effect. C.The causes of people’s errors. D. The design of Galton’s experiment.这一关键能力要求考生除了理解语篇直接表述的观点、态度，还要能分析理解隐含的观点、态度。 例如C篇的第31题，相关文段如下：The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances.【31】What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two?A. Use them as needed. B. Recommend them to friends.C. Evaluate their effects. D. Identify the ideas behind them.In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain，the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.35. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies? A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving.阅读语篇常常通过多种方式表达写作目的。考生不但要理解作者直接表达的目的，也要分析理解作者未直接表达的目的。如阅读理解B篇的26题。Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.26. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou?A. To review John’s research plans. B. To show an application of John’s idea.C. To compare John’s different jobs. D. To erase doubts about John’s invention.这一关键能力要求考生根据文章所提供的信息进行推理,如推断作者未明确说明的事件或活动的原因、过程、结果，推断人物或事物的特性，推断人物的情绪或语气等。 新高考I卷中阅读理解部分中很多题都需要推断。例如D篇34题：In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain，the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.34. What did the follow-up study focus on?A. The size of the groups. B. The dominant members.C. The discussion process. D. The individual estimates.这一关键能力是指考生能运用语篇知识，辨别不同文章体裁，理解文章内部逻辑关系和作者为使行文连贯使用的各种衔接手段。本次高考中没有涉及该方面的问题。阅读理解是学习和使用英语的一项基本能力。培养阅读理解关键能力，教学需要做到以下几个方面： 即：以探究主题意义为主要任务，在完成这一主要任务的同时，解决“识别词汇”与“了解语法”的问题。我常觉得这样的“词汇与语法的教学”就是：逢山开路，遇水架桥。 （未完待续）
参考文献： 陈康，吴泓霖,李新煜，等.基于高考评价体系的英语科考试内容改革实施路径[J].中国考试,2019(12):33-37.
|
