2023高考英语真题中的长难句

1. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived.

句意为：例如，一条污浊的小溪，在流经植物和微小生物栖息的岩石后，通常会变得清澈。

本句中for example为插入语，after flowing through plants and along rocks ... 为时间状语，其中包含一个由where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词rocks。（2023新课标I卷）

2. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.

句意为：在第一部分中，我论述了数字极简主义的哲学基础，首先探讨了到底是什么样的力量使得许多人的数字生活越来越难以忍受，然后对数字极简主义生活准则进行详细讨论。

starting with … 为分词结构作状语；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词forces。（2023新课标I卷）

3. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.

句意为：在这三十天结束时，你可以恢复少量精心挑选的，你认为将对你所珍视的东西大有裨益的线上活动。

that引导定语从句，修饰先行词online activities；you value为省略了引导词的定语从句，修饰先行词the things。（2023新课标I卷）

4. You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.

句意为：你将了解到这些参与者的故事，知悉哪些策略对他们有效，以及他们遇到了哪些你应当避免的陷阱。

learn后有两个由what引导的宾语从句，that引导定语从句，修饰先行词traps。（2023新课标I卷）

5. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use.

句意为：在这些章节中，我探讨了独处的重要性，以及培养高质量休闲活动的必要性等问题，以取代现在大多数人漫无目的地使用电子设备而花费的时间。

most now spend on … 为省略了引导词的定语从句，修饰先行词 the time，most意为“大多数人”。（2023新课标I卷）

6. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals.

句意为：这项研究的重要发现是，当大的群体被进一步分成更小的群体并允许讨论时，这些群体（估算）的平均值比同样数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。

本句主干是个主系表结构：the key finding of the study was that ...；that引导的表语从句由一个主从复合句构成，其中when引导的条件状语从句中又包含一个that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词smaller groups，主句the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals中的those指代the averages。（2023新课标I卷）

7. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being.

句意为：阅读者的形象是贯穿历史的，早在我们如今熟知的书籍出现之前很久，就已有展现阅读者形象的艺术作品问世。

句子主干是：The image of the reader appears throughout history。in art …作状语，made long before books … came into being作后置定语，修饰art；as we now know them为插入语。（2023新课标Ⅱ卷）

8. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks — transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.

句意为：最近，由于书籍变得廉价甚至被随意丢弃，艺术家们已经将书籍用作艺术品的原材料，将书籍的封面、内页甚至整本书变成绘画和雕塑作品。

本句为主从复合句，主句的主干为artists have used them as the raw material for artworks。as引导原因状语从句，主句后的动词-ing短语作伴随状语。（2023新课标Ⅱ卷）

9. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park.

句意为：他们调查了数百名公园游客，要求他们在线提交一份书面总结，描述一下他们在公园里与大自然进行的一次有意义的互动。

句子主干是：They surveyed several hundred park-goers；asking them ... nature in the park 作伴随状语；伴随状语中 they had with nature in the park 是省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰先行词interaction。（2023新课标Ⅱ卷）

10. Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them.

句意为：为每种自然体验命名可以创造出一个可用的语言，它有助于帮助人们认识和参与最令人满意和有意义的活动。

句子主干是：Naming each nature experience creates a usable language；which引导定语从句，修饰先行词language，该定语从句中又包含另一个定语从句that are most satisfying and meaningful to them，修饰先行词activities。（2023新课标Ⅱ卷）

长难句翻译练习（全国一卷）

1. Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.