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有同学提问，在句子Real motivation comes from within each individual.(真正的动力来自于每个人的内心)中，为什么连用介词 from within？ 人教版新课标英语课本中，也有这样的句子：A table and some chairs rose from under the floor as if by magic. 介词后通常不接介词短语作宾语，但有少数介词是例外。如from，其后还可以跟一个介词词组，有的语法书称之为双重介词（double preposition）。双重介词的使用让语言表达更精准、更传神： 从句义上看，两个介词一个都不能少，删去任何一个，句子的意思都不够完整、清晰： A table and some chairs rose from the floor as if by magic. （rose from the floor 是从地板上面还是下面或地板本身，我们无从判断。） A table and some chairs rose under the floor as if by magic. （rose under the floor 在地板下面升起来，肉眼可视吗） 本文聚焦例释from+其它介词的用法。 1. from + 介词短语 ① from+across/throughout 从……对面/从整个…… A group of college students waved at visitors from across the Central Avenue. 一群大学生从中央大街对面向游客挥手致意。 Thanksgiving Day in the U.S.A., like Spring Festival in China, brings families back together from across the country. 像中国春节一样, 美国的感恩节是家人从全国各地团聚在一起的节日。 The National Games attracted many athletes and reporters from throughout the country. 本届全运会吸引了来自全国各地的运动员和记者。 ②from+among 从……之中 The stranger is difficult to recognize from among the crowd. 那个陌生人很难从人群中辨认出来。 He walked out from among the crowd. 他从人群中走出来。 We have chosen two basketball players from among the students . 我们已从学生中挑选出两名篮球运动员。 ③from+around 从……周围 She has chances to meet experts from around the world. 她有机会见到来自世界各地的专家。 New shoots of bamboo will come up from around the roots of the old ones. 新的竹笋会从老的竹根周围长出来。 ④from+before 从......以前 A red flag rose up from before the building. 一面红旗从大楼前升了起来。 The phrase has been in wide use from before 1950s. 这个词组从五十年代前起就被广泛运用了。 From before liberation, this ethnic group had been living in this deep mountain forest. 从 解放以前，这个民族就一直生活在这片深山老林里。 ⑤from+behind 从……后面 The detective entered the house from behind the back and searched it for some hard evidences. 侦探从后门进入房子，在房屋内搜索确凿的证据。 The thief came from behind the door and searched the room for something precious. 小偷从门后出来，搜索房间寻找有价值的东西。 She had no sooner opened the door than a cat jumped out from behind the door. 她刚刚门打开，一只猫就从门后跳了出来。 ⑥from+below 从……之下 Sounds came from below our feet as we rose slowly from the ground. 当我们从地面上慢慢升起的时候，从我们脚下传来（嗡嗡的）声音。 You can search our data concerned of this item from below the address. 您可以从以下地址找到我们这个项目的相关资料。 He pulled out an old photo album from beneath a pile of books. 他从书堆下面抽出一本旧相册。 ⑦ from+between 从……之间 David closed his eyes and leaned against the wall, whose voice came from between his lips. 戴维闭上眼睛斜靠在墙壁上，声音他从双唇之间冒出来。 Footballs are always flying out from between the two schoolrooms after class. 下课后，总有足球从两间教室之间飞出来。 ⑧from+ inside 从……里面 A tremendous crash rang out from inside the recently-finished stadium. 最近完工的体育场内传出巨大的撞击声。 Continuous shots rang out from inside the theater at the foot of the mountain. 连续不断的枪声从山脚下的戏院里传出来。 ⑨from+under从……之下 My lovely dog ran suddenly out from under the table. 我心爱的狗突然从桌下跑出来。 Local villagers have no choice but to get potable water from under the ground. 当地村民别无选择，只能从地下取饮用水。 ⑩from+within从……之内 She picked up several bigger eggs from within the bamboo basket. 她从竹篮里挑选了几枚较大的鸡蛋。 From time to time he looked into Maria’s eyes, as though to find out something from within her. 他不时地望着玛利亚的眼睛，好像要从她的内心深处发现什么。 此外，介词from后接above,behind, below, beneath, downstairs, indoors, inside, outdoors, outside, underneath, upstairs, within等表示地点的副词作宾语： The enemy attacked us from behind. 敌人从后面袭击了我们。 The door was suddenly opened from within. 门突然从里面开了。 The noise from downstairs prevented me from sleeping. 楼下的吵闹声使我睡不着觉。 As the door opened, gales of laughter came from inside. 门一打开，里面传出一阵大笑声。 除了from，其他介词如as, but, except，in，till/until，up等也可以同另一介词搭配构成双重介词现象： ①as for / to关于; 就……而言 As for the party, I'm not sure if I can attend. 至于派对，我不确定能否参加。 As to the question of who will be the next leader, we have no clear answer yet. 关于谁将成为下一任领导人的问题，我们还没有明确的答案。 as with正如；与……一样；就……来说 As with any technology, not all uses of AI will be for the better. 与任何技术一样，并非人工智能的所有用途都会变得更好。 ②but for要不是;如若没有 But for the run of wet weather, we would have spent a nice weekend. 要不是阴雨连绵的天气，我们就能享受一个十分惬意的周末。 We wouldn't have been there but for him. 要不是他，我们就不会到那里去了。 But for your magic hand, I'd have long kicked the bucket. 要不是你妙手回春, 我早就见阎王了。 ③except + 介词短语 No admittance except on business. 非公莫入。 He cannot spare any time except on Sunday. 除星期日外，他抽不出时间。 The window is never opened except in summer. 除夏天外，这扇窗户从未打开。 Steel pennies are scarce now except in coin shops. 除了在钱币店内，钢币便士现在很难见到了。 His doctoral dissertation is very good except for two spelling mistakes. 他的博士论文写得很棒，只是有两处拼写错误。 ④in between：在中间 I can slot you in between 3 and 4. 我可以把你插到第3和第4之间。 You can take breaks in between. 你可以在两件事之间休息。 In between the midday meal and a late, smaller dinner came a small snack. 在午餐和晚些时候的小型晚餐之间，会有一份小点心。 Education is the sum of what students teach each other in between lectures and seminars. 教育是学生在讲座和研讨会之间相互传授的知识的总和。 ⑤ until + 介词短语 He waited there until after 8:00. 他在那里一直等到八点以后。 She won’t go home until after the exam. 她要考完试之后再回家。 Don’t leave until after I’ve spoken to you. 我和你说完后再离开。 She’s worked as a nurse until past her sixtieth birthday. 她当护士一直到过了60岁生日。 ⑥up to/ till一直到，等于 I was up till 3 this morning, writing a paper for my literature class. 我熬夜到今天早上3点，写文学课的论文。 Up till now, he has sold over $1 million worth of socks online in the last four years. 到目前为止，他在过去四年里已经在网上卖出了价值超过100万美元的袜子。 Do you worry endlessly and even stays up till your kid get home from a night out with friends? 孩子晚上和朋友们出去玩，你是否会担心不断，甚至熬夜等到孩子回家？ We're up to our eyes in work. 我们工作忙得不可开交。 I agree with you up to a point. 我在某种程度上同意你的看法。 We're mortgaged up to the hilt. 我们已经把什么都抵押了。 ⑦up against面对、挑战或反对；接触、毗邻 If you want to win the game, you have to be up against the best players. 如果你想赢得比赛，你必须面对最好的选手。 I sat squeezed up against the wall. 我被挤得紧贴着墙坐着。 We expect to come up against a lot of opposition to the plan. 我们预料这个计划会遭到很多人的反对。 Don't back up the moment you run up against a little difficulty. 不要遇到一点困难就打退堂鼓。 |
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