【原】小学英语动词专项训练（内含思维导图），建议收藏！

 

一、动词的定义

表示动作或状态的词叫做动词。表示动词的词如ask ,walk等

二、动词的分类

1、实义动词又叫行为动词，能独立做谓语：如open，hold , learn

2、系动词又称连系动词，不能独立做谓语，后边必须接表语组成系表结构，说明主语的状态、性质、特征等：be动词

3、助动词，主要协助动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫做助动词。它本身没有词义，和实义动词一起构成各种时态和语态，也可构成否定或疑问结构：do、will、should、would

4、情态动词，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等。由于词义不完全，不能单独作谓语，要后接动词完成谓语部分：must、can、could、may、will

三、动词的基本形式

（1）动词原形：动词未经任何变化的原来形式。如：have、cut、see

（2）第三人称单数现在时：动词一般现在时的第三人称单数形式的构成和名词复数构成法相似。

A.直接加“s” ：read--reads     leave---leaves

B.以e结尾的动词，直接加“s ”: come--comes    close---closes

C.以s. x. sh. ch.o结尾的单词,加“es” : watch---watches  fix---fixes   wash---washes  go--goes

D.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单词，变“y”为“i”, 再加“es” : cry---cries

E.以“元音字母+y”结尾的单词，直接加“s” :play---plays

（3）过去式的变化规则：

A.直接加“ed” ：look--looked     watch---watched

B.以e结尾的动词，直接加“d” : live--lived    love--loved

C.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单词，变“y”为“i”, 再加“ed”: cry---cried

D.以“元音字母+y”结尾的单词，直接加“s ”:play---played

E.动词不规则变化表

Infinitive     Past tense          

1. am, is       was                  

2. keep        kept

3. are        were                 

4. let        let

5. become         became                

6. make        made

7. begin        began                 

8. meet        met

9. bite       bit                  

10. put       put

11. blow       blew                 

12. read      read

13. buy       bought               

14. ride      rode

15. catch       caught               

16. run       ran

17. come        came                 

18. say       said

19. cost        cost                 

20. see        saw

21. cut       cut                  

22. sing      sang

23.dig        dug                  

24. sit       sat

25.do        did                  

26. sleep      slept

27. draw        drew                 

28. speak      spoke

29. drink       drank                

30. sweep      swept

31. eat       ate                  

32. take      took

33.fall       fell                 

34.teach      taught

35. feed      fed                  

36. tell      told

37.feel        felt                 

38.think      thought

39. fly       flew                 

40. throw      threw

41.forget      forgot               

42.understand    understood

43. get       got                  

44. give       gave

45. wake        woke                 

46. go       went

47. wear       wore                 

48. grow       grew

49. win       won                  

50. have/has     had

51. write      wrote                

52. know      knew

53 .break          broke

 

四、动词的时态

（一）一般现在时: 表示经常性、规律性习惯性的动作或现在存在的状态。

结构：

1. 动作词一般用原形，但如果是第三人称单数时（如Tony ，he ，she ），动作词用第三人称单数形式，即加s 或 es ;

在主语前加do, does帮助疑问句，后面的动词用原形；

在动作词前加don’t, doesn’t 帮助否定句，后面的动词用原形。

2. 句子中没动作词时，用be动词：is , am , are ；

is , am , are 放在主语前帮助疑问句；

is , am , are 后面加上not帮助否定句。

3. 情态动词can, may, should，must引起的句子是一般现在时，后面接动词用原形；

can, may, should，must 放在主语前帮助疑问句，后面接动词用原形；

can, may, should, must后面加上not帮助否定句，后面接动词用原形。

4. 肯定祈使：动词原形 + 其它

否定祈使句：Don’t +动词原形 + 其它

5．感叹句：

What a mess!  What a beautiful desert!  What beautiful flowers! ——What+(形)名

How beautiful!   How beautiful the flower is!  How beautiful the flowers are! ——  How+形

A. 肯定句：(非第三人称单数)主语+V+其它   We come from China.

(第三人称单数)主语+Vs+其它    He comes from China.

主语+be (is, am, are)+其它      We are from China.

主语+情态动词(can, may, should, must)+V+其它 She must go.

B. 否定句：

(非第三人称单数)主语+don’t +V+其它 We don’t come from China.

(第三人称单数) 主语+doesn’t +V+其它 He doesn’t come from China.

主语+be (is, am, are) not+其它    I aren’t from China.

主语+情态动词(can, may, should, must)+not +V+其它

C．一般疑问句：Do +(非第三人称单数)主语+V+其它  Do you come from China?

Does +(第三人称单数)主语+Vs+其它   Does he come from China?

be (Is, Am, Are)+主语+其它      Are you from China?

情态动词(Can, May, Should, Must)+主语+ V+其它  She can’t go.

D．特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+do +(非第三人称单数)主语+V+其它  Where do you come from?

特殊疑问词+does +(第三人称单数)主语+Vs+其它  Where does he come from?

特殊疑问词+be (is, am, are)+主语+其它           Where are you from?

特殊疑问词+情态动词(Can, May, Should, Must)+主语+ V+其它  Can she go?

（二）现在进行时: 表示现在正在进行的动作。

结构：

1. be动词( is , am , are) + 动词ing (现在分词)；

   is , am , are 放在主语前帮助疑问句，后面的动词加ing；

is , am , are 后面加上not帮助否定句，后面的动词加ing。

A. 肯定句:主语+be（is, am, are）+Ving+其它         They are coming here. 

B. 否定句：主语+be（is, am, are）+not +Ving+其它　They aren’t coming here.

C. 一般疑问句：be（Is, Am, Are）+主语+ Ving+其它 Are they coming here?

D. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ be（is, am, are）+主语+ Ving+其它 What are they doing?

（三）一般过去时：表示过去某个时间里发生了的动作或状态。

结构：

1. 动作词用过去式(ed ) ；

在主语前加did帮助疑问句，后面的动词用原形；

在动作词前加didn’t帮助否定句，后面的动词用原形。

2. 句子中没动作词时，用be动词的过去式：was , were；

was , were 放在主语前帮助疑问句；

was , were后面加上not帮助否定句。

A. 肯定句：主语+Ved+其它           We came from China

主语+be (was, were)+其它   We were from China. 

B. 否定句：主语+didn’t +V +其它      We didn’t come from China.

主语+be (was, were) +not+其它 We weren’t from China.

C．一般疑问句：Did +主语+V +其它    Did you come from China?

be (Was, Were)+主语+其它  Were you from China?

D．特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ did +主语+V +其它 Where did you from?

  特殊疑问词+ be (was, were)+主语+其它 Where were from?

（四）一般将来时：表示将来某个时间的动作或状态。

结构：

1. be going to + 动词原形 

is , am , are 放在主语前帮助疑问句；

is , am , are 后面加上not帮助否定句。

2. will+ 动词原形

will放在主语前帮助疑问句，后面接动词用原形；

will后面加上not帮助否定句，后面接动词用原形。

A. 肯定句：主语+will +V +其它        He will dig a hole.

主语+ be going to +V +其它  He is going to dig a hole.

B. 否定句：主语+will not +V +其它     He won’t dig a hole.

主语+ be not going go +V +其它    He isn’t going to dig a hole.

C．一般疑问句：Will+主语+V+其它    Will he dig a hole?

Be(Is, Am, Are) +主语going to +V+其它  Is he going to did a hole?

D．特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+will+主语+V+其它 What will he do?

特殊疑问词+be(is, am, are) +主语going to +V+其它 What is he going to do?

（五）过去进行时：表示过去某时正在进行的动作。

结构：

1. be动词( was, were) + 动词ing；

was, were 放在主语前帮助疑问句，后面的动词加ing；

was, were后面加上not帮助否定句，后面的动词加ing。

A. 肯定句:主语+be（was, were）+Ving   He was digging a hole.

B. 否定句：主语+be（was, were）+not +Ving  He wasn’t digging a hole.

C. 一般疑问句：be（Was, Were）+主语+ Ving  Was he digging a hole?

D. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ be（was, were）+主语+ Ving  What was he doing

 

 

五、时态意义与结构一览表

时态	时态意义与		动词	主语	动词形式			常用时间
					肯定句	否定句	(特殊)疑问句
一 般现在 时	1.表示现在的状态。		be 动词	三单	is	is not	(疑问词) is +主语	always, often, now usually, sometimes, ever, never, in the morning’ in the afternoon, in the evening, at night, on Sunday, every once a week, twice a month, 3 times a year
				I	am	am not	(疑问词)am+主语
				you,复	are	are not	(疑问词)are+主语
	2. 表示经常性习惯性的动作、兴趣爱好或能力。		情态 动词	所有 主语	can +V	can not +V	(疑问词)can +主语+V
					may +V	may not +V	(疑问词)may+主语+V
					must +V	must not +V	(疑问词)must+主语+V
					should +V	should not +V	(疑问词)should+主语+V
			行为 动词	三单	Vs	doesn’t +V	(疑问词)does +主语+V
				非三单	V	don’t +V	(疑问词)do +主语+V
	3.祈使句		be	无	Be	Don’t be	Be quick.  Don’t be worried.
			行为	无	V	Don’t +V	Listen to me.  Don’t push.
	4.感叹句		What a mess!   What a beautiful desert!   What beautiful flowers! How beautiful!   How beautiful the flower is!  How beautiful the flowers are!
一般过去时	表示过去了的动作或状态。		be动词	单—you	was	was not	(疑问词) was +主语	yesterday, this morning, before that, last…
				复+you	were	were not	(疑问词)were+主语
			行为	所有主语	Ved	didn’t +V	(疑问词)did +主语+V
现在进行时	表示现在正在进行的动作。		行为 动词	三单	is +Ving	is not +Ving	(疑问词) is +主语+Ving	now, Listen! Look! Where’s
				I	am +Ving	am not +Ving	(疑问词)am+主语+Ving
				you,复	are +Ving	are not +Ving	(疑问词)are+主语+Ving
过去进行时	表示过去某时正在进行的动作。		行为	单—you	was +Ving	was not +Ving	(疑问词)was+主语+Ving	yesterday this morning at that time at nine …
				复+you	were +Ving	were not +Ving	(疑问词)were+主语+Ving
一般将来时	表示将要 发生的动作或状态。	1	be	所有 主语	will+ be	won’t+ be	(疑问词)will+主语+ be	tomorrow, this evening, later, in a minute, after that, next…
			行为		Will+ V	won’t +V	(疑问词)Will+主语+ V
		2	行为动词	三单	is going to+V	is not going to+V	(疑问词)is+主语going to+V
				I	am going to+V	am not going to+V	(疑问词)am+主语going to+V
				you,复	are going to+V	are not going to+V	(疑问词)are+主语going to+V

习题：

1．I______(be not) a middle school student.
2．She ______(be) in Class Six ,Grade One .       

We________(be) all Young pioneers.
3．Sam and I________(be) in different classes .
5．There _______(be) a map on the wall.        

There _______(be) some boats in the river.
7．There__________(be) a pencil-box and some books in the bag .
8．There__________(be) two bikes and a car near the house.
9．I can ___________(see) some flowers on the table.
10. You must__________(find) those things.
11. ______ you ________(have) a new watch?
12. Let me _________(see),please. I __________(not have) a watch .
13. I think he ___________(be)back in a week.
14. It's time ___________(play) games.
15. I want ___________(take) some books to the classroom .
16. Could you ___________(take) it to your room ?
17. It's snowing now. We can go out __________ (play) in the snow.
18. ___________(not jump) too high! Would you like___________(drink) tea ?

19. She __________(like) her new skirt .

20. The men ____________(work) near the house now.