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​多形性肉瘤与恶性纤维组织病有什么区别

 忘仔忘仔 2023-10-23 发布于山西

首先,需要明确一下相关名词的定义和概念,这是展开话题的基础。

多形性肉瘤(Pleomorphic sarcoma)是一个不准确的名词,应该是分化多形性肉瘤(Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma)的简称。

恶性纤维组织细胞瘤(Malignant fibrous histiocytoma, MFH)是一个基本弃用的名词,曾经代表了最常见的软组织肉瘤亚型,包括现在的许多类型肉瘤,其实这些肉瘤经过免疫组织化学组织分析后,已被重新归类。因为,这里的纤维,既不是成纤维细胞,也不是纤维组织;纤维组织细胞也是产生歧义,是纤维组织?还是组织细胞?

医学中纤维(Fibre)这一名词,主要指纤维组织( Fibrous Tissue
)
,属于是结缔组织(Connective Tissues)。主要由成纤维细胞(也叫纤维母细胞,Fibroblasts)纤维细胞(Fibrocyte)构成,二者是同一细胞的两种状态,前者是激活状态,后者是活性较低的状态。成纤维细胞是最常见的结缔组织细胞,合成细胞外基质和胶原,在组织修复过程中具有重要的作用,与血液凝固,创伤修复,也与炎症,免疫,肿瘤的发生密切相关。

再回到未分化多形性肉瘤(Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma,UPS)这个话题。所谓肉瘤(Sarcoma就是发生于间叶组织的恶性肿瘤(发生于上皮源性的恶性肿瘤,就是癌),间叶组织(Mesenchymal Tissues)包括了皮下,脂肪,肌肉、筋膜,血管,神经,软骨、滑膜,骨膜,骨等等,由间充质细胞(Mesenchymal Cell)分化,具有明显的异质性。

在人群中,肉瘤的发病率相对癌少见,最常起源于四肢(尤其是下肢),其次是腹腔/腹膜后腔、躯干/胸部以及头颈部,也称为软组织肉瘤(Soft Tissue Sarcomas,STS)。STS有许多组织学亚型,临床特征、分子改变、治疗反应和预后各异。最常见的成人软组织肉瘤包括脂肪肉瘤(有3个亚型)、平滑肌肉瘤、未分化的多形性肉瘤和GIST(Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors,胃肠道间质瘤)。其中,有些肉瘤无法进行分型、分类,也就是既不属于脂肪肉瘤,也不是滑膜肉瘤,就叫未分化/未分类肉瘤(部分病理学家也称非特指(not otherwise specified, NOS)肉瘤),或者未分化的STS,按照组织学形体,分为未分化多形性肉瘤(undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, UPS),圆细胞和梭形细胞亚型。

  • Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) is a rare type of cancer that begins mostly in the soft tissues of the body.

  • This cancer tends to occur in adults older than 50, though it can occur at any age.

  • UPS usually occurs in the arms or legs. Less often it can happen in the area behind the abdominal organs (retroperitoneum).

  • The name undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma comes from the way the cancer cells appear under the microscope.

  • Undifferentiated means the cells don't look like the body tissues in which they develop.

  • The cancer is called pleomorphic (plee-o-MOR-fik) because the cells grow in multiple shapes and sizes.

  • Treatment for UPS depends on the location of the cancer, but often involves surgery, radiation and drug treatments.

  • UPS used to be called malignant fibrous histiocytoma.

图片

一类旧称黏液样MFH的肉瘤目前归类为一种独特的肉瘤亚型,即黏液纤维肉瘤。相比未分化/未分类的软组织肉瘤,黏液纤维肉瘤的局部复发风险高于其他组织学类型。黏液纤维肉瘤有沿纤维隔侵袭的倾向,因此可能需要更宽的手术切缘。

Subsets of undifferentiated/unclassified soft tissue sarcomas include the pleomorphic (undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma), round cell, and spindle cell variants, which simply describe histological morphology. One version of what was formerly termed myxoid MFH is now classified as a distinct sarcoma subtype, myxofibrosarcoma. In comparison with undifferentiated/unclassified soft tissue sarcoma, myxofibrosarcomas may be associated with a greater local recurrence risk than other histologies 

多形性纤维肉瘤和大多数软组织肉瘤一样,局部形成包块,大小不等,较大者中间出现囊性,出血坏死,可有周围侵袭行为和远处转移,摄取18F-FDG不等,相对CT,MRI,PET/CT对于显示周围侵犯及远处转移灶一目了然。软组织肉瘤的确诊和分型依靠病理学,特别是免疫组织化学分析,影像学不具有特异性。

图片Retroperitoneal High Grade Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma

图片

Primary undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (Malignant fibrous histiocytoma) of the lung

图片

Pleomorphic Sarcoma (Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma)

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Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma/Myxofibrosarcoma

拓展阅读:
1.https://www./diseases-conditions/undifferentiated-pleomorphic-sarcoma/symptoms-causes/syc-20389554#Overview

2.https://www./pathology/8064/undifferentiated-pleomorphic-sarcoma

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