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智力复利

 金苹果6 2023-11-12 发布于北京

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我一直坚定地相信,财富只是实现幸福人生的手段之一,而我们真正追求的就是幸福本身。我们并不真的喜欢财富,我们只是喜欢财富带给我们的感觉。

什么感觉?自由感。很多人说:“等我有钱了,我就不上班,天天躺着玩游戏”。那么做,持续做,你会极度无聊甚至出现抑郁。人类就是矛盾动物,不能太忙,但也不能不忙。根据马斯洛需求曲线,人就是要追求自我实现和社会价值感,此类的更高层的价值往往就是通过工作建立的。

如此,你也不用等到财富自由了,然后再去做自己喜欢的事情。你完全可以在保障生存的情况下,力所能及地做点小事,一点一点,形成复利,直到出现大的成果。如此,这个过程也是你喜欢的,过程造就的结果也是满足了你的更高层的价值感。(篇幅有限,财富的带来我们的错觉先聊到这里)

以上的想法,是我长久以来的观念。当我读完《纳瓦尔宝典》后,让我再一次笃定了幸福和财富是可以兼得的信念。

《纳瓦尔宝典》这本书并不是纳瓦尔本人书写完成的,而是另一位作者埃里克·乔根森经过搜集和整理而成的,因此,在书籍编排过程中,不仅考虑到内容的价值输出,更加考虑到了销量,无可厚非。

但我们可以改变一下自己的阅读顺序。这本书分为两个部分【财富】和【幸福】。你完全可以从后往前读,从幸福往前找财富。

错把手段当成目标,人生可能会走很多弯路。有这么一个奇怪的定律:你追钱,追不到;钱追你,逃不掉。

我认为《纳瓦尔宝典》此书特别好,其中一些道理,我一直是相信的,但纳瓦尔用更有穿透力的方式表述了出来,我在《个体崛起:打造过硬的营销力和产品力》文章中推荐了此书和纳瓦尔的“第三杠杆”其次,我还赋上了完整的方法论。

我一直想写一个《纳瓦尔宝典》推荐的文章,给【种一个梦】的读者看,但,我很害怕我把它讲糗了。如果因为我,有人决定不再读纳瓦尔宝典,那我会深有罪恶感。

我认为《纳瓦尔宝典》这本书是每一个想要幸福和财富同时兼备的人必读的书籍。我把它确定为需要践行到骨子里的一本书。

为了写好推荐文章,很早以前我就在实践书籍里的内容,比如学习经济学。

纳瓦尔说:

微观经济学和博弈论都是基础性学科。如果不能深刻理解供求关系、劳资关系、博弈论等问题,你就不可能在商业上取得成功,甚至也无法很好地适应现代社会。

还说:

从头到尾认真研读一本微观经济学教科书,你会受益匪浅。

自然科学和微观经济学都能为阅读打下坚实的基础。一旦脱离了这些坚实的基础,麻烦就来了,因为你会难辨真伪。

我干脆在之前自学经济学的基础上,看了大量的书籍和经济学教材,正在写一本关于经济学运用到到生活中的小册子。

这就是我的学习方

教就是最好的学。

大家一定很熟悉,只是视而不见、只是听而不闻罢了。

费曼学习法。

为了写好纳瓦尔的推荐文章,正在阅读《纳瓦尔宝典》附录里推荐的文章和书籍,以及一些推特账号的文章。在书中纳瓦尔推荐了以下这篇文章。在Twitter中,纳瓦尔用了一个【Must read】(必读)的字样。

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这次推文合集里,提到了让我终身受用,个人非常喜欢的一些概念——比如:快思考与慢思考、成长型思维和固定型思维、积累、思维模型、决策树、专注模式和分散模式、跨学科知识/复合型知识、大脑就像肌肉、语言影响思维、标签和自我预言实现、学习如何学习再学习。

这些都是我在《选择改变命运》里反复提到的概念,有心的朋友可能早就发现了。

此篇文章,不妨作为一个印子,去了解一下这些和【智力复利】切身相关的概念。我在文章中穿插了推荐读物。

还有一个概念推荐大家深刻了解:费曼学习法。给个提示,写作就是费曼学习法。

智力复利是存在的,但只有那些认真学习必要且重要概念的人看见过。

当我阅读完后,对知识的复利有了另一角度的思考,希望你也能从中受益。

1/ There's a concept known as financial compounding, but most people don't know about intellectual compounding. Buffett and Munger employed this to great effect and to accumulate mental models such that they can make large decisions quickly. Intuition is simply reading a lot. 1/ 有这么一个概念被称为金融复利,但大多数人不知道智力复利。巴菲特和芒格利用这一点取得了很好的效果,并积累了心智模型,以便他们能够快速做出重大决策准确的直觉只是大量阅读的结果罢了。

2/ This allows people to convert typically slow thinking and bad fast thinking (bad intuition) into good intuition. In academic literature this is known as Type 1 and Type 2 thinking. Most people don't accumulate enough of knowledge the tree. 2/ 这使人们能够将典型的慢思维和糟糕的快速思维(坏直觉)转化为良好的直觉。在学术文献中,这被称为 1 型和 2 型思维。大多数人没有积累足够的知识。

(推荐阅读《选择改变命运》中的《大脑“机器”是怎么运行的?》文章。未经训练过的直觉或习惯是让人可怕的。如果有兴趣建议阅读《思考,快与慢》)

3/ One of the common patterns for a self made billionaires is their ability to self study, self reason and accumulate a set of their own mental model. Intellectual capital compounds at a hidden rate and most people use tangible badges and net worth as measures. 3/ 白手起家的亿万富翁的常见模式之一是他们自学、自我推理和积累一套自己的心智模型的能力。智力资本以隐性速度复合,大多数人使用有形徽章和净资产作为衡量标准。

(金钱让我们致盲,我们只看到别人“硬资产”,而完全忽视了致使他们成功的“软资产”。)

4/ Intellectual capital is filling out the decision tree and is a forward looking view and net worth is backward looking. Just like how the wrong way to value tech companies with network effects is revenue but instead by their retention rate and network effects. 4/ 智力资本正在填充决策树,是一种前瞻性的观点,而净资产是滞后的。就像错误地评估具备网络效应的科技公司的方法是收入,而实际上是他们的留存率和网络效应。

5/ Most people value themselves on their individual badges, which is what society labels for you. But most of what is predictive in life, is how you make decisions. Being effective and investing your time in the right area at the right time is a skill, not purely luck. 5/ 大多数人在个人徽章上重视自己,这就是社会给你贴上的标签。但是,生活中大多数具有预测性的东西,就是你如何做出决定。在正确的时间将时间投入到正确的领域是一种技能,而不仅仅是运气。

6/ Allowing readings to fill your mind takes advantage of your diffuse/focused mode of thinking and type 1 and type 2 decision making. Meaning you can focus and use your creative brain (diffuse mode) to wander and make associations. This is the key toward STEM education. 6/ 让阅读充满你的头脑,利用了你的分散/专注的思维模式以及 1 型和 2 型决策。这意味着你可以集中注意力并使用你的创造性大脑(漫射模式)来徘徊和建立联系。这是STEM教育的关键。

(想要了解通过分散/专注的思维模式来让自己具备创造性,建议阅读芭芭拉·奥克利的《学习之道》)

7/ More and more, just like the last 20 years was focused on physical athletes, the next 20 years would be focused on mental atheletes. These ways of thinking and compounding, Buffett, Munger, and polymaths have already used to a large degree and have been confirmed by academia. 7/ 就像过去 20 年专注于体能运动员一样,未来 20 年将越来越专注于智力运动员。这些思维方式和复利方式,巴菲特、芒格和博学者已经在很大程度上被使用,并得到了学术界的证实。

8/ As the world get faster and faster with AR/VR, AI, crypto. The ability to invest in your own intellectual capital is a crucial prerequisite to maintaining and succeeding in this world and also for your children. 8/随着 AR/VR、AI、加密货币的出现,世界变得越来越快。投资于自己的智力资本的能力是维持自己成功以及您的孩子持续成长的关键先决条件。

9/ While politicians say it's education that's important, it's only partially true, it's the ability to assimilate knowledge trees and compound knowledge that leads to satisfaction, mental stimulation, and long term wealth. 9/ 虽然政客们说教育很重要,但这只是部分正确,是吸收知识树和复合知识的能力导致了满足感、精神刺激和长期财富。

10/ What politicians are doing now is simply aiming backwards, but how can you scale this to everyone? It turns out that charter school have been doing a grand experiment. 10/ 政客们现在所做的只是向后瞄准,但你怎么能把它扩展到每个人呢?事实证明,特许学校一直在做一个伟大的实验。

11/ Taking children from disadvantaged backgrounds and making them fit for college. This has worked and three of the results are the following. 11/ 接收来自弱势背景的孩子,使他们适合上大学。这已经奏效了,其中三个结果如下。

12/ 'Growth mindset' not 'Fixed mindset'   'Motivation mindset' not 'Fixed mindset'  'Student directed AND teacher directed education and projects' 12/ “成长型思维”而不是“固定型思维”。“动机心态”而不是“固定心态” 。“以学生为主导,以教师为指导的教育和项目”。

13/ In turns out statistically those three items are the most predictive. What are they? I'm glad you asked. 13/ 事实证明,从统计学上讲,这三个项目是最具预测性的。它们是什么?我很高兴你问。

14/ It turns out that if you just tell students that their mind is like a 'muscle' and spend just 10 minutes explaining that concept they will improve their grades dramatically. 14/ 事实证明,如果你只是告诉学生他们的大脑就像一块“肌肉”,并花 10 分钟解释这个概念,他们就会显着提高他们的成绩。

(孩子学习成绩差,本质是专注能力差。成年人也是一样。)

15/ It turns out this concept is for a person's mind and for each skill set. People can have verbal 'fixed' mindsets, humor 'fixed' mindsets, math 'fixed' mindsets. Almost everything. So, you have to consciously unlearn this and apply it consciously even if you know it. 15/ 事实证明,这个概念适用于一个人的思想和每种技能。人们可以有口头上的“固定”心态,幽默的“固定”的心态,数学上的“固定”的心态。几乎所有东西。所以,你必须有意识地忘记这一点,即使你知道它,也要有意识地应用它。

(从口头、心态全面使自己成为一个“成长型”人格。特别推荐《终身成长》)。

16/ Why is this? It turns out people are criticized by society and labeled. So even if you have a 'growth' mindset for physical items, you don't have it for mental items. This applies not only for students but also for adults. You always hear 'That's not me.' It's a label. 16/ 为什么会这样?事实证明,人们受到社会的批评和标签。因此,即使你对实物有“成长”的心态,你对精神物品也没有这种心态。这不仅适用于学生,也适用于成年人。你总是听到“那不是我”。这是一个标签。

17/ There's another concept called 'motivational mindset' which teaches the person 'what good looks like' which simply teaches the kid to follow 'go do the extra problems' 'go to office hours' 'do more problems' Follow the process of the 'motivated student' and it will work. 17/ 还有另一个概念叫做“动机心态”,它教人“好的样子是什么样子”,它只是教孩子遵循“去做额外的问题”“去办公时间”“做更多的问题”遵循“有动力的学生”的过程,它会起作用。

18/ It turns out these two concepts turn someone that's socio economically disadvantaged similar to the education status of someone who grew up upper middle class. This is not a panacea as a lot of people have so much stressors in their lives that they can't study. 18/ 事实证明,这两个概念使社会经济上处于不利地位的人与在上层中产阶级长大的人的教育状况相似。这不是灵丹妙药,因为很多人在生活中有太多的压力源,以至于他们无法学习。

19/ The last concept is student self directed project plus teacher lectures is the best. This surprised me, but conceptually, it gives the student agency and motivation. Most students have been so battered down by the system that they can't do this, but that's another story. 19/ 最后一个概念是学生自主项目加上教师讲座是最好的。这让我感到惊讶,但从概念上讲,它给了学生能动性和动力。大多数学生都被这个系统打得如此沉重,以至于他们无法做到这一点,但那是另一回事了。

20/ These concepts have to be mind beliefs. Just like in Dune how they cite 'fear is the mindkiller' These concepts have to be constantly applied to adults and children as they opposite tends to be pervasive and insidious. 20/ 这些概念必须是心灵的信念。就像在《沙丘》中他们引用“恐惧是心灵杀手”一样,这些概念必须不断应用于成人和儿童,因为它们的对立往往是普遍和阴险的。

21/ These are mindsets and as for strategies. People need to take concepts from Learning how to Learn by

@barbaraoakley and @sejnowski   and Art of Learning from Josh Waitzkin. They are are a manual for your brain. 21/ 这些是心态,至于策略。人们需要从乔什·韦茨金(Josh Waitzkin)那里学习“学习如何学习”和“学习的艺术”中汲取概念。它们是你大脑的手册。

22/ You thought just because you own a brain you knew how to operate it right? Why do you think the drop out rates for STEM is so high. Most people attribute it to pipeline or professor, but perhaps it's because people don't know how to learn difficult subjects. 22/ 你以为仅仅因为你拥有大脑,你就知道如何操作它,对吧?为什么你认为STEM的辍学率如此之高。大多数人将其归因于教学渠道或教授,但也许是因为人们不知道如何学习困难的科目。

23/ @LHTL_MOOC takes you from beginner to intermediate, and art of learning takes you from expert to being world class. Then you have Cal Newport's material, and those three resources are simply the best that I know of to hack your own brain 23/ @LHTL_MOOC带你从初级到中级,学习的艺术带你从专家到世界级。然后你有Cal Newport的材料,这三个资源简直是我所知道的最好的破解你自己的大脑的资源。

24/ Do you know anymore? Would love to know more resources and techniques. 24/ 你还知道吗?很想了解更多的资源和技术。

25/ In conclusion, as the world become more and more technical and complex, most people don't have the mindset nor tactical skills. In short, people have to re-learn the manual to their own brain. Just because you have a computer, it doesn't mean you know everything about it. 25/ 总之,随着世界变得越来越技术化和复杂化,大多数人既没有思维方式,也没有战术技能。简而言之,人们必须重新学习操控自己的大脑。仅仅因为你有一台电脑,并不意味着你对它了如指掌。

关注我,和你分享更多优质内容,我是Gus。

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