终于有人把“钠离子电池与锂离子电池的优劣势”说透了，我读了10遍，太精辟了！

钠离子的历史可以追溯到1807年，由英国化学家 Sir Humphry Davy发明，直至1970s到1980s期间，才取得技术进展；而与钠离子电池几乎同时发明的锂离子电池的进展似乎更神速（1800由意大利物理学家Italian physicist Alessandro Volta发明 ），1990s锂离子电池大规模商业化，从而导致了钠离子电池失去了关注。

理论上看，锂离子电池和钠离子电池都是“摇椅式”二次电池；化学周期表中钠和锂都属于同一个主族元素，电化学充放电行为(离子的嵌入和脱出)都非常相似。

Is Sodium-ion battery better than Lithium-ion battery

从资源储备层面而言，钠离子电池的钠资源的储备，我国是占据优势的。

从工艺兼容性来看，钠离子电池的生产工艺，基本上是参照锂离子电池，生产过程中的的生产检测设备和制造工艺基本上很大程度上是可以沿用，但是与锂电池体系不同的钠离子电池正极和负极、电解液等原材料的产业链还没有成熟，而且材料性能提升还没有及时验证。整个电池生产环节的工艺成熟、产品质量稳定性、良品率都需要时间去改善。

从成本角度出发，虽然能力密度达不到三元锂电池的能量密度，但是在600km续航的电池上完全是可以满足的在600km续航以下的电动车，发展钠电池是非常具有优势的。以现在60度电的电池模组，钠离子成本能便宜接近2W。

从使用环境温度方面看，钠离子电池具有宽温的使用环境，特别是低温性能比较好，在-20℃容量保持能够达到80%以上，这个可以解决动力电池在低温下性能不足的问题。而且整体的工作温度可以在-40-80℃，而锂离子电池的工作温度一般在-20-55℃，所以需要更强保护的BMS的管理。在低温的时候使用钠离子进行放电和充电，可以提高电池包快充和低温的性能，并且钠离子电池后面成本会更低。

从用户角度出发，钠离子电池的快充性能更好，可以在常温下充电15分钟，电量可以达到80%以上，使用钠离子电池可以实现高压快充。耐过放压，这个是一个非常不错的技术，由于钠离子电池采用铝箔作为负极，不存在过放点电的问题，甚至可以达到0V，这个给运输带来非常安全的一种方式。

目前阶段适合发展AB电池，也就是钠离子电池和锂电池的混合备份电池。宁德时代基于两种电池各有优缺点，可以做互补，提出AB电池解决方案，将锂离子电池和钠离子电池集成混合使用，这里面有钠离子电池，也有锂离子电池，通过混搭、串联、并联和集成，通过BMS电源管理进行均衡控制。

从循环寿命来看，钠离子电池的循环寿命在1000-2000次左右，而商业化的磷酸铁锂电池循环寿命已经达到3000-6000次，储能磷酸铁锂电池甚至是10000-20000次。这个差距不是一般的。虽然最近也有科研团队说钠离子寿命能够提高到4500次，这个目前还是实验室阶段，还远远没有达到单纯的工作为动力电池的要求，也是制约钠离子电池的一个瓶颈。

所以综合现阶段的情况而言，锂电池更具有优势，从性能和成本综合方面，未来发展钠离子电池是一个方向。

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英文原文补充

Lithium is the most common element in battery manufacturing, with China controlling the global lithium-ion battery supply chain (79% of all lithium-ion batteries). China also controls 61% of global lithium refining capacity used for battery storage and electric cars.

The next big supplier is Argentina, accounting for 21% of global deposits, giving it tremendous power in raw material mining and to influence the lithium supply chain, with 13 proposed projects and dozens more in the works.

Lithium-ion batteries are made of scarce and pricey elements such as cobalt and lithium. Lithium prices have increased by more than 700% since 2021 amid rising demand for batteries. Lithium-based batteries would likewise have difficulty meeting the increasing demand for power grid energy storage. Technology companies are looking for alternatives to replace traditional lithium-ion batteries.

Sodium-ion vs. Lithium-ion Battery Technology

Sodium-ion batteries are a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries — currently the most widely used type of rechargeable battery. Both types of batteries use a liquid electrolyte to store and transfer electrical energy, but differ in the type of ions they use.

An examination of Lithium-ion (Li-ion) and sodium-ion (Na-ion) battery components reveals that the nature of the cathode material is the main difference between the two batteries. Because the preparation cost of the cathode from raw materials is the same for both types of battery technologies, the main cost reduction for sodium-ion batteries comes from raw materials.

Due to the multiple advantages of sodium-ion batteries, large players in the energy industry are investing in acquiring and developing this technology. For example, Faradion, a battery technology company in the UK and an innovator in Na-ion battery, was recently acquired by Reliance New Energy Solar, a subsidiary of Reliance Industries, for $135 million.

Challenges for Sodium-ion Battery

Despite the advantages, sodium ion battery manufacturing needs to overcome several challenges before it can be widely adopted as a replacement for lithium-ion batteries.

• Lack of a well-established supply chain for the materials used in the batteries.

• Since the technology is still in its infancy, very few companies operate in this segment, leading to higher cost of batteries.

• The technology to make sodium-ion batteries is still in the early stages of development.

• Sodium-ion based batteries have limitations of flexibility as they cannot be turned into various shapes like prismatic, cylindrical etc.

• These are less dense and have less storage capacity compared to lithium-based batteries.

• Existing sodium-ion batteries have a cycle life of 5,000 times, significantly lower than the cycle life of commercial lithium iron phosphate batteries, which is 8,000-10,000 times.

Can Sodium-based Batteries Replace Lithium-ion Batteries?

While there are many potential advantages to using sodium-ion batteries over lithium-ion batteries, there are also several challenges that need to be overcome before they can be widely adopted as a replacement.

If sodium-ion batteries are to become the backbone of the energy storage industry, they must continue to improve their technical performance. Researchers are working to improve the performance and stability of the batteries, as well as to reduce their cost, while companies are looking to establish a supply chain for the materials used in the batteries.