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1998年，巴菲特应邀在佛罗里达大学商学院发表演讲，面向的听众主要是MBA专业的学生，一群朝气蓬勃的年轻人，像早上八九点钟的太阳一样冉冉发光，对未来满怀美好的憧憬。 巴菲特的演讲为青年人提供了有益的、可行的成长指引。他用简短的开场白谈了同学们最关心的事情，即同学们的未来会怎样、实现人生成功靠什么，简明扼要，语言朴实，引人入胜，启人深思。 巴菲特指出，人品决定成功，人品是头等重要的。 巴菲特所说的人品，指行为、性格、脾气等方面的习惯，即品行和性情。巴神在选择公司管理层时，首先看中的就是人品，管理层必须诚实和理性，必须具有股东利益导向。 最关键的是，巴菲特指出，好人品是可以通过修习获得的、达到的，坏习惯是可以甩掉的、改正的。 你崇拜谁，你尊敬谁，你向谁学习，你坚持向其看齐，你就会成为谁。 优秀是一种习惯。向优秀的人学习，学习他们身上的好品质，把好品质养成习惯，你就会成为优秀的人。 通篇演讲内容是学习价值投资的最佳入门材料和必读材料，非常精彩，相当重要，通俗易懂，震撼人心，广为传播，很有影响。 巴菲特的广大信徒，众多价值投资者，广泛传看演讲视频，反复咀嚼文字内容。著名投资人段永平先生直言，听了不下十遍。 开场内容摘录如下
Buffett: Testing, one million, two million, three million. Seems to be working. 测试，1百万、2百万、3百万。（麦）是好的，可以用。 I’d like to just say a few words primarily and then the highlight for me will be getting your questions in a few minutes. I want to talk about what is on your mind. 我先花几分钟简要说几句，然后大部分时间用来回答大家的问题。我想谈谈大家关心的话题。 I urge you to throw hard balls. It’s more fun for me if you put a little speed on your pitches as they come in. You can ask about anything except last week’s taxes I gave. That’s off limits. 请各位投出有难度的球（意指提出有难度的问题）。向我飞来的球带点速度，会更好玩。什么都可以问，就是不能问上个月我交了多少税，这个问题恕我无可奉告。 I would like to talk for just one minute up to the students about your future when you leave here. You’re gonna learn a tremendous amount about investments and you will learn enough to do well, you’ve all got the IQ to do well, you’ve all got the initiative and energy to do well, or you wouldn’t be here, and most of you will succeed in meeting your aspirations, but in determining whether you succeed there is more to it than intellect and energy. I would like to talk for just a second about that. 各位同学，你们毕业之后未来会怎样？我简单说说我的想法。各位在这所大学能学到大量关于投资的知识，你们将拥有成功所需的知识，既然各位能坐在这里，你们也拥有成功所需的智商，你们还有成功所需的拼劲。你们大多数人都会成功地实现自己的抱负。 但最后你到底能否成功，不只取决于你的头脑和勤奋，不只取决于你的聪明智慧和肯干能干。我简单讲一下这个道理。 In fact, there was a fellow, Pete Kiewit, in Omaha, who used to say that he looked for three things in hiring people. He looks for integrity, intelligence and energy, and he said if that person did not have the first two, the later two would kill him. Because if they don’t have integrity, you want them to be dumb and lazy, you don’t want them to be smart and energetic. I really like to talk about that first one, because we know you have got the second two. 奥马哈有个叫彼得·基威特的人，他说他招人的时候看三点：品行（诚实正直）、头脑（聪明智慧）和勤奋（踏实肯干）。他说一个人要是头脑聪明、勤奋努力，但品行不好，肯定是个祸害。品行不端的人，最好又懒又蠢，你肯定不会期待他又聪明又勤奋。（诚，聪，实，勤） 我知道各位都头脑聪明、勤奋努力，所以我今天只讲品行。 Play along with me in a little game for just a second in terms of thinking about that question. You’ve all been here, I guess, almost all of your second year MBAs and you’ve gotten to know your classmates. Think for a moment that I granted you the right to buy 10% of one of your classmates for the rest of his or her lifetime. You can’t pick one with a rich father, that doesn’t count; you’ve got to pick somebody who is going to do it on their own merit. I’ll give you an hour to think about it. 为了更好地思考这个问题，我们不妨一起做个小游戏。我估计，各位都是MBA二年级的学生，应该很了解自己周围的同学了。假设现在你可以选一个同学，买入他今后一生之内10%的收入。你不能选富二代，只能选靠自己奋斗的人。 Which one are you gonna pick among all your classmates as the one you want to own 10% for the rest of his or her lifetime? Are you gonna give them an IQ test and pick the one with the highest IQ? I doubt it. Are you gonna pick the one with the best grades? Er…I doubt it. You are not gonna pick the most energetic one necessarily, you are the one who display the most initiative. 请各位仔细想一下，你会选班里的哪位同学，买入他今后一生之内10%的收入。你会给所有同学做个智商测试，选智商最高的吗？我看未必。你会选学习成绩最好的吗？我看未必。你一定不会选最有拼劲的，因为你和大家都很聪明，也都很努力。 You are going to start looking for qualitative factors in addition to (quantitive factors), because everybody has enough brains and energy. I would say if you have thought about it for an hour and decided who you are gonna place that bet on, you’d probably pick the one who you responded the best to, the one who is going to have the leadership qualities, the one who is going to be able to get other people to carry out their interests, and that would be the person who was generous, honest, and gave credit to other people even for their own ideas. All kinds of qualities like that, and you could write down those qualities that you admire in this other person, whoever you admire the most in the class. 我觉得你会主要考虑定性方面的因素。好好想想，你会把赌注压在谁的身上？也许你会选你最有认同感的那个人，那个拥有领导能力，能把别人组织起来实现共同利益的人。这样的人应该是慷慨大方的、诚实正直的，他们自己做了贡献，却说是别人的功劳。我觉得让你做出决定的应该是这样的品质。找到了你最钦佩的这位同学之后，想一想他身上有哪些优秀品质，拿一张纸，把这些品质写在纸的左边。 And then, I would throw in a hooker, I would say as part of owning 10% of this person, you have to agree to go short 10% of somebody else in this class. That’s more fun, isn’t it? Then you will think who do I want to go short of? Again you wouldn’t pick the person with the lowest IQ, you would start thinking about the person, really, who turned you off for one reason or another. They have various qualities quite apart from their academic achievement. But they have various qualities, in the end, you really don’t want to be around with them, and other people don’t want to be around with them. What were the qualities that lead to that? That would be a whole bunch of things. You know it’s the person who is egotistical, or it’s the person who is greedy, or it’s the person who is slightly dishonest and cuts corners. All of these qualities. You can write those down on the right-hand side of the page. 下面我要加大难度了。为了拥有这位同学今后一生10%的收入，你要同时做空另一位同学今后一生10%的收入，这个更好玩。想想你会做空谁？你不会选智商最低的。你会想到那些招人烦的人，他们可能学习成绩优秀，但你就是不想和他们打交道，不但你烦他们，别人也烦他们。为什么有人会招人烦？原因很多，这样的人可能自私自利、贪得无厌、投机取巧或者弄虚作假。类似这样的品质，你想想还有什么，请把它们写在刚才那张纸的右边。 As you look at those qualities on the right and left hand side, there is one interesting thing about them. It’s not the ability to throw football 60 yards. It’s not the quality to run a 100-yard dash in 9'3'. It’s not being the best-looking person in the class. They are all qualities that if you really want to have the ones on the left-hand side, you can have them. 看看左右两边分别列出来的品质，你发现了吗？这些品质不是把橄榄球扔出60米，不是10秒钟跑完100米，不是相貌在全班最出众。 左边的这些品质，你真想拥有的话，你可以有。 I mean, they are qualities of behavior, temperament, character that are achievable. They are not forbidden to anybody in this group. If you look at the qualities on the right-hand side, the ones that you find turn you off in other people, there is not a quality there that you have to have. If you have it you can…you can get rid of it. You can get rid of it a lot easier in your age than you can in my age. Because most behavior is habitual, and they say the chains of habit are too light to be felt until they are too heavy to be broken. There is no question about that. I see people with these self-destructive behavior patterns at my age or even 10 or 20 years younger. They really are entrapped by them. They go around and they do things that turn off other people right and left. They don’t need to be that way but by a certain point they get so they can hardly change it. But at your age you can have any habits, any patterns of behavior that you wish. It’s simply a question of which you decide and want to decide the ones that…I mean…if you like. 这些是关于行为、脾气和性格的品质，是能培养出来的。在座各位，只要你想要获得这些品质，没一个是你得不到的。 再看一下右边的那些品质，那些令人生厌的品质，没一个是你非有不可的，你身上要是有，想改的话，可以改掉。大多数行为都是习惯成自然。我已经老了，但你们还年轻，想摆脱恶习，你们年轻人做起来更容易。 常言道，习惯的枷锁，开始的时候轻微得难以察觉，到后来却沉重得无法摆脱。 这话特别在理。我在生活中见过一些人，他们有的和我年纪差不多，有的比我年轻十几二十几岁，但是他们染上了一些坏习性，把自己毁了，改也改不掉，走到哪都招人烦。他们原来不是这样的，但是习惯成自然，积累到一定程度，根本改不了了。你们还年轻，想养成什么习惯、想形成什么品格，都可以，就看你自己怎么想、怎么选、怎么做了。 Ben Graham did this…Ben Franklin did this before him. Ben Graham in his low teens…looked around…he looked at the people he admired and he said that you know, “I want to be admired, so why don’t I just behave like them?” He found there was nothing impossible about behaving like them. Similarly he did the same thing on the reverse side in terms of getting rid of those qualities. So I would suggest that if you write those qualities down and think about them a little while and make them habitual. You will be the one that you want to buy 10 percent when you get all of them. The beauty of it is you have already own 100% of yourself and you are stuck with it. So you might as well be that person, that somebody else. 本·格雷厄姆，还有他之前的本·富兰克林，他们都这么做过。本·格雷厄姆十几岁的时候就观察自己周围那些令人敬佩的人，他对自己说：“我也想成为一个被别人敬佩的人，我要向他们学习。”格雷厄姆发现学习他敬佩的人，像他们一样为人处世，是完全做得到的。他同样观察周围遭人厌恶的人，摆脱他们身上的缺点。我建议大家把这些品质写下来，好好想想，把好品质养成习惯，最后你想买谁10%的收入，就会变成他。你会成为你愿意买入其一生10%收入的那个人。你已经确定拥有自己100%的收入，再有别人的10%，这多好。你选择了谁，你都可以变成像他一样。 Well that is a short little sermon. So let’s get on to what you are interested in and like I said you can go all over the lot. I don’t know exactly how we’re going to handle this. But let’s start with the hand in somewhere or the other. Where should we go with the first one? You, right here! 我要讲的道理讲完了，下面聊聊大家感兴趣的，请各位提问吧。
好品质：诚实正直 慷慨大方 光明磊落 有责任感 团结友善 坏品质：投机取巧 自私自利 贪得无厌 撒谎成性 弄虚作假 死爱面子 怨天尤人 知错不改 |
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