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布林肯国务卿于2024年5月6日在加利福尼亚州旧金山举行的2024年RSA大会上发表主旨演讲。（美国国务院官方照片由查克·肯尼迪拍摄） 当今的技术革命是我们与地缘政治对手竞争的核心。它们对我们的安全构成了真正的考验。它们也代表了历史可能性的引擎——对我们的经济、我们的民主、我们的人民、我们的星球。 換句話說：安全、穩定、繁榮——它們不再僅僅是類似的問題。 摆在我们面前的考验是，我们能否驾驭这个颠覆时代的力量，并将其转化为更大的稳定、更大的繁荣和更大的机会。 拜登总统决心不仅要通过这项“技术测试”，而且要取得好成绩。 我们的设计、开发和部署技术的能力将决定我们塑造技术未来的能力。当然，从强势地位出发，可以更好地为我们制定标准和推进世界各地的规范。 但是，我们的优势不仅来自我们的国内实力。 它来自我们与世界上大多数国家的团结，他们与我们有着共同的愿景，即一个充满活力、开放和安全的技术未来，以及一个无与伦比的盟友和合作伙伴网络，我们可以与他们共同努力，通过“技术测试”。 我们承诺的不是“数字主权”，而是“数字团结”。 5月6日，美国国务院公布了美国国际网络空间和数字战略，它将数字团结视为我们的北极星。团结不仅影响了我们对数字技术的态度，而且影响了我们对所有关键基础技术的态度。 因此，我现在想与你们分享我们将其付诸实践的五种方法。 首先，我们正在利用技术来改善我们的人民和朋友，而且是为了全人类。 美国认为，新兴和基础技术可以而且应该被用来推动发展和繁荣，促进对人权的尊重，解决共同的全球挑战。 我们的一些战略竞争对手正朝着一个非常不同的目标努力。他们正在利用数字技术和基因组数据收集来监视他们的人民，压制人权。 几乎无论我走到哪里，我都会听到政府官员和公民对这些反乌托邦式技术使用的担忧。我还听到了对我们平权愿景的坚定承诺，以及将技术作为实现现代化和机遇的途径。 我们的工作是利用外交手段进一步扩大这一共识——将我们的“科技向善”愿景国际化和制度化。 这就是为什么我们的第二条努力线是关于治理的：制定道路规则，以确保基础技术维持我们的民主价值观并防止伤害。 在国内，我们发布了指导意见，这些指导意见正在塑造我们和世界对安全、可靠和值得信赖的人工智能的看法。 通过总统的人工智能行政命令，我们正在加强人工智能的标准并保护美国人的隐私。 私营部门是这项工作的重要合作伙伴，这就是为什么我们与领先的人工智能公司合作，做出一系列自愿承诺，例如承诺在发布新产品之前进行安全测试，以及开发工具来帮助用户识别人工智能生成的内容。 我们正在与合作伙伴合作制定网络规范，并努力在世界各地维护这些规范。 当然，要制定道路规则，美国必须在全球范围内竞争技术，这些技术将塑造我们的数字和物理体验，进而塑造我们的地缘政治现实。这就是我们科技外交的第三条线。 我们从5G的经验中了解到，我们不能沾沾自喜，不能让战略竞争对手主导构成全球经济支柱的技术，这些技术决定了信息流动的方式和地点。 正因为如此，我们动用了外交武器库，帮助来自美国的创新型公司和我们的合作伙伴公平竞争，争取有助于维护和扩大一个安全、开放、有弹性的科技世界的机会。 为了符合我们的数字团结原则，我们致力于与任何致力于实现相同愿景的国家或公司合作，而不仅仅是美国公司。 在国外进行有效竞争将取决于我们的第四条外交努力线：建立有弹性和可信赖的技术生态系统。 目前，全球科技制造基础设施危险地集中在少数几个狭窄的地理区域。如果发生军事冲突、自然灾害，这些供应链可能会被切断。 为了降低这种风险，美国正在建立技术伙伴关系，使关键技术供应链更具弹性、更多样化、更安全。这包括关键矿物，这对于扩大清洁能源技术至关重要。 第五，也是最后一点，我们采用“小院子，高围栏”的方法来保护最敏感的技术。 我们不能容忍美国开发的技术被用来对付我们或我们的朋友，落入坏人手中，或帮助提高战略竞争对手的军事能力。 这就是为什么我们对先进半导体出口发布了精心定制的限制。国家安全的当务之急是，这些技术不能帮助或加速那些试图挑战美国的国家的军事现代化。 也许没有比我们在乌克兰共同所做的工作更好的例子了。当俄罗斯发动侵略战争时，它使该国的基础设施遭受了网络攻击的猛烈攻击。 美国、我们的国际伙伴和我们的技术界都明白，需要帮助乌克兰人完成数字舱口。因此，我们帮助他们加强了网络，将重要的政府数据迁移到云端，增强了国家通信和其他关键基础设施的弹性。 这就是行动中的数字团结。这就是我们希望在世界范围内扩展和应用的合作方式。 现在，即使是我们当中最有远见的人也不确定技术未来会是什么样子，也不知道新兴技术将如何被使用。 通过共同努力，我们可以抓住这个非同寻常的转折点，塑造一个反映我们最佳价值观的未来，促进我们的利益，使生活更安全、更有保障、更繁荣、更充满机会。 从根本上说，这就是通过技术测试的意义。这就是我们想要做的——一起。 【中文为自动翻译，仅供参考，以英文原文为准】 【相关阅读】
Today’s revolutions in technology are at the heart of our competition with geopolitical rivals. They pose a real test to our security. And they also represent an engine of historic possibility – for our economies, for our democracies, for our people, for our planet. Put another way: Security, stability, prosperity – they are no longer solely analog matters. The test before us is whether we can harness the power of this era of disruption and channel it into greater stability, greater prosperity, greater opportunity. President Biden is determined not just to pass this “tech test,” but to ace it. Our ability to design, to develop, to deploy technologies will determine our capacity to shape the tech future. And naturally, operating from a position of strength better positions us to set standards and advance norms around the world. But our advantage comes not just from our domestic strength. It comes from our solidarity with the majority of the world that shares our vision for a vibrant, open, and secure technological future, and from an unmatched network of allies and partners with whom we can work in common cause to pass the “tech test.” We’re committed not to “digital sovereignty” but “digital solidarity.” On May 6, the State Department unveiled the U.S. International Cyberspace and Digital Strategy, which treats digital solidarity as our North Star. Solidarity informs our approach not only to digital technologies, but to all key foundational technologies. So what I’d like to do now is share with you five ways that we’re putting this into practice. First, we’re harnessing technology for the betterment not just of our people and our friends, but of all humanity. The United States believes emerging and foundational technologies can and should be used to drive development and prosperity, to promote respect for human rights, to solve shared global challenges. Some of our strategic rivals are working toward a very different goal. They’re using digital technologies and genomic data collection to surveil their people, to repress human rights. Pretty much everywhere I go, I hear from government officials and citizens alike about their concerns about these dystopian uses of technology. And I also hear an abiding commitment to our affirmative vision and to the embrace of technology as a pathway to modernization and opportunity. Our job is to use diplomacy to try to grow this consensus even further – to internationalize and institutionalize our vision of “tech for good.” That’s why our second line of effort is about governance: shaping the rules of the road to ensure that foundational technologies sustain our democratic values and guard against harms. At home, we’ve released guidance that’s shaping how we – and the world – think about safe, secure, and trustworthy AI. Through the President’s AI Executive Order, we’re strengthening standards for AI and protecting Americans’ privacy. The private sector is a critical partner in this effort – which is why we’ve worked with leading AI companies on a set of voluntary commitments, like pledging to security testing before releasing new products and developing tools to help users recognize AI-generated content. We’re working with partners to set cyber norms, and we’re working to uphold them around the world. Of course, to write the rules of the road, the United States must compete across the globe in the technologies that will shape our digital and physical experience and, by extension, our geopolitical realities. And that’s the third line of our tech diplomacy. We’ve learned from the 5G experience that we cannot be complacent and let strategic competitors dominate the technologies that form the backbone of the global economy and that determine how and where information flows. That’s why we’re unleashing our diplomatic arsenal to help innovative companies from the United States and our partners fairly compete for opportunities that will help preserve and expand a secure, open, resilient tech world. And in keeping with our principle of digital solidarity, we’re committed to working with any country or company that’s committed to that same vision, not just American firms. Competing effectively abroad will depend on our fourth line of diplomatic effort: building resilient and trusted technology ecosystems. Right now, the world’s tech manufacturing infrastructure is dangerously concentrated in a few narrow geographic areas. And in the event of military conflict, natural disaster, those supply chains could be cut off. To lessen that risk, the United States is forging tech partnerships that will make critical technology supply chains more resilient, more diverse, more secure. And that includes for critical minerals, which are essential to scaling up clean energy technologies. Fifth, and finally, we’re adopting a “small yard, high fence” approach to protect the most sensitive technologies. We can’t tolerate technologies that the United States has developed being used against us or our friends, falling into the hands of bad actors, or helping advance the military capabilities of strategic competitors. That’s why we issued carefully tailored restrictions on advanced semiconductor exports. It’s a national security imperative that these technologies not aid or accelerate the military modernization of countries that seek to challenge the United States. There’s perhaps no better example of this than the work we’ve done together in Ukraine. When Russia launched its war of aggression, it subjected the country’s infrastructure to an onslaught of cyber attacks. The United States, our international partners, and our technology community all understood the need to help the Ukrainians batten down the digital hatches. So we helped them harden their networks, migrate vital government data to the cloud, bolster the resilience of national communications and other critical infrastructure. That is digital solidarity in action. And it’s the kind of collaboration that we want to scale and apply around the world. Now, even the most far-sighted among us don’t know for sure what the tech future will look like, or exactly how emerging technologies will be used. Working together, we can seize this extraordinary inflection point to shape a future that reflects our best values, that advances our interests, and that makes life just a little bit safer, a little bit more secure, a little bit more prosperous, a little bit more full of opportunity for all. That is fundamentally what passing the tech test means. And that’s what we want to do – together. Note to Readers This DipNote was adapted from the most recent edition of the flagship email “From the Secretary’s Desk,” which features the Secretary’s remarks and speeches on important current events. |
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