20000单词七、词根 -fin，-bin

新用户4541Ay47 2024-05-20 发布于上海

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七、词根 -fin，-bin 表示“限制，约束，范围”

define [dɪˈfaɪn] vt. 定义；使明确；规定 1214

助记：

de (下) +fin (限定，范围) +e→给……下个范围，限定→下定义

defined [dɪˈfaɪnd] adj. 清晰的，轮廓分明的；有定义的，确定的；外形清晰的 14001

释义和用法：If something is clearly defined or strongly defined, its outline is clear or strong.清晰的，轮廓分明的；有定义的，确定的；外形清晰的

defining [dɪˈfaɪnɪŋ] adj. 最典型的；起决定性作用的 9819

definition [defɪˈnɪʃ(ə)n] n. 定义；清晰度；解说 2129

high-definition [ˈhaidefiˈniʃən] adj.（电视或技术）高清晰度的，高分辨率的 19934

释义和用法：

High-definition television or technology is a digital system (数字信息系统) that gives a much clearer picture than traditional television systems. (电视或技术) 高清晰度的，高分辨率的

redefine [ri:dɪˈfaɪn] vt. 重新定义 7700

redefinition [ˌridɛfəˈnɪʃən] n. 重新定义 19823

well-defined [ˈweldiˈfaind] adj. 定义明确的；界限清楚的 15574

definite [ˈdefɪnɪt] adj. 确切的；一定的 6887

助记：

de (加强语气) +fin (限定，约束) +ite (形容词后缀) →限定的，确定的，一定的

搭配：

a definite period of time (考)：一定的时期

definite conclusion (考)：明确的结论

indefinite [ɪnˈdefɪnɪt] adj. 不确定的；模糊的；无限的 14449

definitely [ˈdefɪnɪtlɪ] adv. 明确地，肯定地；清楚地，当然 2005

definitive [dɪˈfɪnətɪv] adj. 明确的；最终的；不可更改的；决定性的；最佳的 15308

释义和用法：

Something that is definitive provides a firm conclusion that cannot be questioned(质疑).明确的；最终的；不可更改的；决定性的；最佳的

A definitive book or performance is thought to be the best of its kind that has ever been done or that will ever be done. (书籍或表演) 最佳的，最具权威的

bind [baɪnd] vi. 装订；结合；过紧；有约束力 2519

助记：

bind (谐音：绑，捆绑) →约束，束缚 (即：被“绑住”了) ；联系，结合 (即：“绑在一起”)

搭配：

be bound up with (考)：和……联系在一起/绑在一起

bind together (考)：绑在一起

例句：Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.

此外，很明显的是，一个国家的经济实力直接和它工业和农业的效率联系在一起，而效率反过来又依赖各种科学家和技术人员的努力。

仿写例句：

很明显的是，一个人的成功直接和他的能力联系在一起，而能力反过来又依赖他所付出的努力。

It is obvious that the success of a person is directly bound up with his ability, and that this in turn rests upon his efforts.

考题：

Eisenhower’s interstate highways the nation together in new ways and facilitated major economic growth by making commerce less expensive.

A．packed B．stuck C．suppressed D．bound

解析：

原文翻译“艾森豪威尔主持修建的州际公路以全新的方式将整个国家联系在一起，通过减少贸易成本推动了经济的巨大发展”，故选D，

bind together：捆在一起，联系在一起；A：打包；B：坚持，粘贴；C：镇压

binder [ˈbaɪndə] n. 装订工；活页夹；捆缚者；粘合剂；用以绑缚之物 13069

binding [ˈbaɪndɪŋ] adj. 有约束力的；必须遵守的；应履行的 9323

释义和用法：

A binding promise, agreement, or decision must be obeyed (遵守)or carried out(执行). 有约束力的；必须遵守的；应履行的

band [bænd] n. 乐队；一帮；带；频带；波段 1284

助记：

band (=bind：捆绑) →绑在一起的几个人→乐队

bandage [ˈbændɪdʒ] n. 绷带 9653

Band-Aid [ˈbændeid] n. (邦迪牌)创可贴；(问题的解决办法)短期有效的，权宜之计的 15622

A Band-Aid is a small piece of sticky tape (有粘性的胶带) that you use to

cover small cuts or wounds (伤口) on your body. (邦迪牌) 创可贴

If you refer to a Band-Aid solution to a problem, you mean that you

disapprove of (不赞成) it because you think that it will only be effective

for a short period. (问题的解决办法) 短期有效的，权宜之计的，治标

不治本的

bandanna [bænˈdænə] n. 扎染印花大手帕；印花大围巾 18374

A bandanna is a brightly-coloured piece of cloth which is worn (穿戴)

around a person’s neck or head. 印花大围巾；鲜艳的大头巾

词源：

Also often bandana, 1752, from Hindi bandhnu, a method of dyeing, from Sanskrit badhnati “binds”(because the cloth is tied in different places like modern tie-dye), from PIE root *bhendh- “to bind.” Perhaps to English via Portuguese. Etymologically, the colors and spots are what makes it a bandanna.

bandwagon [ˈbændwægən] n. 乐队花车；流行，时尚 14912

词源：

Also band-wagon, 1849, American English, from band (n.2)+wagon, originally a large wagon used to carry the band in a circus procession; as these also figured in celebrations of successful political campaigns, being on the bandwagon came to represent “attaching oneself to anything that looks likely to succeed,” a usage first attested 1899 in writings of Theodore Roosevelt.

bandwidth [ˈbændwɪtθ; -wɪdθ] n. [无]带宽；频带宽度 13396

broadband [ˈbrɔ:dbænd] n. 宽频；宽波段；（互联网）宽带连接 13714

释义和用法：

Broadband is a method of sending many electronic messages (电子信息) at the same time, using a wide range of frequencies(频率). (电子信号的) 宽频传输

disband [dɪsˈbænd] vi. 解散 14334

释义和用法：

If someone disbands a group of people, or if the group disbands, it stops operating (运行) as a single unit. 解散；解体；(使) 散伙

headband [ˈhedbænd] n. 头饰带；头巾 18809

waistband [ˈweɪs(t)bænd] n. 腰带；裤腰；裙腰 18042

释义和用法：

A waistband is a narrow piece of material which is sewn (缝) on to a pair of trousers, a skirt, or other item of clothing at the waist (腰部) in order to strengthen (勒紧) it. 裤腰；裙腰

ribbon [ˈrɪbən] n. 缎带；带状物；带；（勋章等的）绶带；[军]勋表 4891

词源：

Early 14c., ribane, from Old French riban “a ribbon,” variant of ruban (13c.), of unknown origin, possibly from a Germanic compound whose second element is related to band (n.1); compare Middle Dutch ringhband “necklace.” Modern spelling is from mid-16c. Originally a stripe in a material. Custom of colored ribbon loops worn on lapels to declare support for some group perceived as suffering or oppressed began in 1991 with AIDS red ribbons.

finite [ˈfaɪnaɪt] adj. 有限的；限定的 9888

搭配：

finite resources (考)：有限的资源

写作例句：

如果我们不采取措施去节约有限的资源，那么有天它一定会枯竭。

If we don’t take measurs/steps to save the finite resources, it is bound to deplete one day in the future.

infinite [ˈɪnfɪnət] adj. 无限的，无穷的；无数的；极大的 6970

助记：

in (表否定) +fin (=bind：限制，限度) +ite (形容词后缀：的) →无限的，无穷的

infinitely [ˈɪnfɪnɪtlɪ] adv. 无限地；极其 11255

infinity [ɪnˈfɪnɪtɪ] n. 无穷；无限大；无限远的距离 11552

释义和用法：

Infinity is a number that is larger than any other number and can never be given an exact value. 无穷大

Infinity is a point that is further away than any other point and can never be reached. 无限远的距离

confine [kənˈfaɪn] vt. 限制；限定 n. 界限，边界 5407

助记：

con (完全) +fin (=bind：限制，束缚) +e→限制，束缚

搭配：

be confined to (考)：受限于……

例句：It gave rise to mass production and, through mass production, to a society in which wealth was not confined to the few.

它导致大批量生产，通过大批量生产，导致一个社会中财富不仅限于少数人。

仿写例句：对财富的狂热追求导致了一个社会，在这种社会中，阅读经典仅限于少数知识分子。

Fevered quest for wealth has given rise to a society in which reading classics is confined to a few intellectuals.

confinement [kənˈfaɪnmənt] n. 限制；监禁；分娩 10967

释义和用法：

Confinement is the state of being forced to stay in a prison or another place which you cannot leave. 监禁；关押；禁闭

A woman’s confinement is the period of time just before and during which she gives birth to a child. 分娩；生产

bound [baʊnd] adj. 受约束的；装有封面的；有义务的 n. 界限 vi. 跳跃 8153

助记：

bound (=bind：捆绑，束，约束) →约束，限定 (即：由“捆绑”造出“约束，限制”的含义)

邪解：bound读音很像“绑的”→ (被) 绑着的→受约束的，受限定的

搭配：

be bound to (考)：必然，一定会

例句：Even so, the shift in the centre of gravity to older age groups is bound to have a profound effect on societies, not just economically and politically but in all sorts of other ways too.

即便如此，重心向老年人群转移必然会对社会产生深远的影响，该影响不仅体现在经济上和政治上，还涵盖其他的方方面面。

仿写例句：将学习重心转向英文必然会对社会产生深远的影响，该影响不仅体现在社会上和文化上，还涵盖其他的方方面面。

The shift in the centre of gravity to English learning is bound to have a profound effect on societies, not just socially and culturally but in all sorts of other ways too.

boundless [ˈbaʊndləs] adj. 无限的；无边无际的 16324

rebound [rɪˈbaʊnd] n. 回弹；篮板球 vi. 反弹；弹回 5968

boundary [ˈbaʊnd(ə)rɪ] n. 分界线；边界；范围 2800

助记：

bound (限定，范围，边境) +ary (名词后缀) →边界，分界线 (即：划定“范围，界限”的地方)

搭配：

within the legal and moral boundaries of society (考)：在社会的法律和道德界限内

border [ˈbɔ:də] n. 边界；边境；国界 1351

助记：

bord (=bound：界限，范围) +er (名词后缀) →边界，边境 (即：一个国家的“界限，范围”)

cross-border [ˈkrɔsˈbɔrdɚ] adj. 跨越国境的 15412

搭配：

cross-border trade：跨国贸易

cross-border attacks：越境袭击

borderline [ˈbɔ:dəlaɪn] n. 边界线，边界；界线 13300

frontier [ˈfrʌntɪə; frʌnˈtɪə] n. 边界；国境；前沿 4466

助记：

front (前面) +ier (名词后缀) → 一个国家的最前面，最前沿→边界，边境

搭配：

expanding frontiers of scholarship (考)：不断扩大的奖学金范围

例句：

By making it possible to search the millions of books that exist today, we hope to expand the frontiers of human knowledge.

我们希望通过实现搜索现存的上百万图书来扩展人类的知识范围。

To keep up with the expanding frontiers of scholarship, Edward Wilson found himself surfing the Internet frequently for information.

为了了解不断扩大的奖学金范围，Edward Wilson频繁上网来查找信息。

bond [bɒnd] n. 纽带；结合；粘合剂；债券；约定 1894

搭配：

the bond of true affection (考)：真情的纽带

释义和用法：

A bond between people is a strong feeling of friendship, love, or shared beliefs and experiences that unites them. (情感的) 纽带，契合，关系

A bond between two things is the way in which they stick to one another or are joined in some way. 黏合；连结

When a government or company issues (发行) a bond, it borrows money from investors (投资者). The certificate which is issued to investors who lend money is also called a bond. (政府或公司发行的) 公债，债券

词源：

Early 13c., “anything that binds, fastens, or confines,” phonetic variant of band (n.1) and at first interchangeable with it. For vowel change, see long (adj.); also influenced by unrelated Old English bonda “householder,” literally “dweller”(see bond (adj.)).

bondage [ˈbɒndɪdʒ] n. 奴役身份；束缚；性虐待 16822

释义和用法：

Bondage is the condition of being someone’s property and having to work for them. 奴役

Bondage is the condition of not being free because you are strongly influenced by something or someone. 束缚；约束

Bondage is the practice of being tied up or tying your partner up in order to gain sexual pleasure.

bonding [ˈbɒndɪŋ] n. 人与人之间的关系（或联结）；原子的结合；键合 9985

释义和用法：

the process of forming a special relationship with sb or with a group of people 人与人之间的关系 (或联结)

例如：mother-child bonding母子亲情

(chemistry) the process of atoms joining together (化) 原子的结合；键合

hydrogen bonding 氢键结合

horizon [həˈraɪz(ə)n] n. 地平线；眼界；范围；视野 3138

助记：

horiz (=bound：界限，范围) +on (名词后缀) →范围，眼界；地平线

搭配：

on the horizon (考)：即将来临的

intellectual horizons (考)：知识范围

例句：

For many of us the “cashless society” is not on the horizon—it’s already here.

对于我们许多人来说，“无现金社会”不是即将来临，而是已经来了。

仿写例句：

对于我们许多人来说，电子图书时代不是即将来临，而是已经来了。

For many of us the age/era of E-books is not on the horizon—it’s already here.

horizontal [hɒrɪˈzɒnt(ə)l] adj. 水平的；地平线的；同一阶层的 6082

horizontally [ˌhɑrəˈzɑntli] adv. 水平地 12911

bunch [bʌn(t)ʃ] n. 串；群；突出物 2684

助记：

bunch (=bound=bind：捆) →捆，绑在一起的→束，群，串搭配：

a pretty active bunch (考)：极度活跃的一群

释义和用法：

A bunch of people is a group of people who share one or more

characteristics (特点) or who are doing something together. 一伙，一群 (人)

A bunch of flowers is a number of flowers with their stalks held or tied (捆, 连接) together.一束 (花)

A bunch of bananas or grapes is a group of them growing on the same stem(茎). 一串 (香蕉或葡萄)

A bunch of keys is a set of keys kept together on a metal ring(金属的环状物). 一串 (钥匙)

A bunch of things is a number of things, especially a large number. 大量；大批

bundle [ˈbʌnd(ə)l] n. 捆；束；及其；非常 6092

释义和用法：

A bundle of things is a number of them that are tied together or wrapped (包裹) in a cloth or bag so that they can be carried or stored. 捆；束；包

If you describe someone as, for example, a bundle of fun, you are emphasizing that they are full of fun. If you describe someone as a bundle of nerves, you are emphasizing that they are very nervous. 极度，非常 (用于强调某人具备的某种品质或特性)

If you refer to a bundle of things, you are emphasizing that there is a wide range of them. 大量；广泛

To bundle software means to sell it together with a computer, or with other hardware or software, as part of a set. 捆绑销售 (软件)

例如：

It’s cheaper to buy software bundled with a PC than separately.

购买和个人电脑一起捆绑销售的软件要比单买便宜。

refine [rɪˈfaɪn] vt. 精炼，提纯；使……文雅；改善 6701

助记：

re (反复) +fine (好) →反复使之更好→使完善，精炼，提纯

搭配：

highly refined analyses (考)：高度精准的分析

释义和用法：

When a substance (物质) is refined, it is made pure by having all other substances removed (去除) from it. 提炼；精炼

If something such as a process, theory, or machine is refined, it is improved by having small changes made to it. 改进；改善；改良 (过程，理论或机器)

refined [rɪˈfaɪnd] adj. 精炼的；微妙的；精确的；有教养的 7848

释义和用法：

If you say that someone is refined, you mean that they are very polite and have good manners and good taste. (人) 有礼貌的，有教养的，彬彬有礼的，有品位的

refinement [rɪˈfaɪnm(ə)nt] n. 精制；提纯；有教养；文雅 10883

refinery [rɪˈfaɪn(ə)rɪ] n. 精炼厂；提炼厂；冶炼厂 9578

释义和用法：

A refinery is a factory where a substance such as oil or sugar is refined. 精炼厂；提炼厂

后缀：-ery

1. 名词后缀：表“地点；艺术；状态；数量”

2. 形容词后缀：……的

词源：

Word-forming element making nouns meaning “place for, art of, condition of, quantity of,” from Middle English -erie, from Latin -arius (see -ary). Also sometimes in modern colloquial use “the collectivity of” or “an example of.”

artillery [ɑ:ˈtɪlərɪ] n. 大炮；火炮；炮术；炮队 6638

bakery [ˈbeɪk(ə)rɪ] n. 面包店 8232

battery [ˈbætri] n. 电池，蓄电池 3221

bravery [ˈbreɪv(ə)rɪ] n. 勇敢；勇气 12664

brewery [ˈbrʊərɪ] n. 啤酒厂 15712

bribery [ˈbraɪbərɪ] n. 贿赂；行贿；受贿 13712

buttery [ˈbʌt(ə)rɪ] adj. 谄媚的，奉承的；涂用黄油的；像黄油样的 18322

celery [ˈselərɪ] n. 芹菜 8342

cemetery [ˈsemɪtrɪ] n. 墓地；公墓 4643

cheery [ˈtʃɪərɪ] adj. 愉快的，活泼的 15261

delivery [dɪˈlɪv(ə)rɪ] n. 交付；递送；分娩 2828

discovery [dɪˈskʌv(ə)rɪ] n. 发现，发觉；被发现的事物 2247

eatery [ˈi:tərɪ] n. 餐馆；饭店 15491

embroidery [ɪmˈbrɒɪd(ə)rɪ; em-] n. 刺绣；粉饰；刺绣品 14746

feathery [ˈfeð(ə)rɪ] adj. 柔软如羽毛的；生有羽毛的 18524

fiery [ˈfaɪərɪ] adj. 燃烧般的；热烈的，炽烈的；暴躁的 7976

fishery [ˈfɪʃ(ə)rɪ] n. 渔业；渔场；水产业 5151

flattery [ˈflæt(ə)rɪ] n. 谄媚；奉承；恭维话 19801

flowery [ˈflaʊərɪ] adj. 多花的；花的；华丽的；绚丽的 19559

forgery [ˈfɔ:dʒ(ə)rɪ] n. 伪造；伪造罪；伪造物 17124

gallery [ˈgæl(ə)rɪ] n. 走廊；画廊；地道；旁听席 3382

greenery [ˈgri:n(ə)rɪ] n. 绿色植物；温室 15317

grocery [ˈgrəʊs(ə)rɪ] n. 食品杂货店 3328

hatchery [ˈhætʃərɪ] n. 孵卵处 16428

imagery [ˈɪmɪdʒ(ə)rɪ] n. 比喻；意象；像；形象化 5260

jittery [ˈdʒɪt(ə)rɪ] adj. 神经过敏的；紧张不安的；战战兢兢的 17601

leathery [ˈleð(ə)rɪ] adj. 粗糙的；粗涩的；似皮革的 20001

leery [ˈlɪərɪ] adj. 机敏的；狡猾的；猜疑的；送秋波的 17435

lottery [ˈlɒt(ə)rɪ] n. 彩票；碰运气的事，难算计的事；抽彩给奖法 6111

machinery [məˈʃi:n(ə)rɪ] n. 机械；机器；机构；机械装置 5856

mastery [ˈmɑ:st(ə)rɪ] n. 精通；优势；统治权；征服；掌握 7733

misery [ˈmɪzərɪ] n. 痛苦，悲惨；不幸；穷困；苦恼 6175

mockery [ˈmɒk(ə)rɪ] n. 嘲弄；笑柄；徒劳无功；拙劣可笑的模仿或歪曲 14330

monastery [ˈmɒnəst(ə)rɪ] n. 寺院；隐修院 8231

mystery [ˈmɪst(ə)ri] n. 神秘，秘密；神秘的事物；奥秘 2352

nursery [ˈnɜ:s(ə)rɪ] n. 托儿所；苗圃；温床 5711

pottery [ˈpɒt(ə)rɪ] n. 陶器；陶器厂；陶器制造术 7233

powdery [ˈpaʊdəri:] adj. 粉的；粉状的；布满粉状物的 19634

recovery [rɪˈkʌv(ə)rɪ] n. 恢复，复原；痊愈；重获 2466

robbery [ˈrɒb(ə)rɪ] n. 抢劫，盗窃；抢掠 6096

rubbery [ˈrʌbərɪ] adj. 橡胶似的；有弹力的；坚韧的 19442

savagery [ˈsævɪdʒ(ə)rɪ] n. 凶恶行为；残暴行径；兽性 19453

scenery [ˈsi:n(ə)rɪ] n. 风景；景色；[戏]舞台布景 8327

silvery [ˈsɪlv(ə)rɪ] adj. 清脆的；银色的；银铃一般的；似银的 12225

slavery [ˈsleɪv(ə)rɪ] n. 奴役；奴隶制度；奴隶身分 4630

slippery [ˈslɪp(ə)rɪ] adj. 滑的；狡猾的；不稳定的 7858

sorcery [ˈsɔ:s(ə)rɪ] n. 巫术 18314

stationery [ˈsteɪʃ(ə)n(ə)rɪ] n. 文具；信纸 15163

surgery [ˈsɜ:dʒ(ə)rɪ] n. 外科；外科手术；手术室；诊疗室 1807

treachery [ˈtretʃ(ə)rɪ] n. 背叛；变节；背叛行为 18068

upholstery [ʌpˈhəʊlst(ə)rɪ; -ˈhɒl-] n. 家具装饰用品业；座套；椅套 14488

watery [ˈwɔ:t(ə)rɪ] adj. 水的；淡的；湿的；松软的；有雨意的 10836

winery [ˈwaɪn(ə)rɪ] n. 酿酒厂；葡萄酒酿造厂（复数wineries） 10611

词根“-fin”除了表示“限制，约束”，还可以进一步引申为“（使）结束”，限制某物发展本质就是希望其结束

finish [ˈfɪnɪʃ] vt. 完成；结束；用完 918

finished [ˈfɪnɪʃt] adj. 不再做(……)的，(同……)不再打交道的；(对……)不再感兴趣的；不复存在的；垮台的；完蛋的 6965

释义和用法：

Someone who is finished with something is no longer doing it or dealing with it or is no longer interested in it. 不再做 (……) 的；(同……) 不再打交道的；(对……) 不再感兴趣的

Something that is finished no longer exists (存在) or is no longer happening. 不复存在的；不再发生的

Someone or something that is finished is no longer important, powerful, or effective. 垮台的；完蛋的；失势的；失效的

finisher [ˈfɪnɪʃɚ] n.（最后的）润饰者；整理工；最后优胜者；（赛跑等的）到达终点者 18318

finishing [ˈfɪnɪʃɪŋ] adj. 最后的；终点的 10179

unfinished [ʌnˈfɪnɪʃt] adj. 未完成的 8570

final [ˈfaɪn(ə)l] adj. 最终的；决定性的；不可更改的 890

finale [fɪˈnɑ:lɪ; -leɪ] n. 最后乐章；最后一场；结局；结尾 10001

释义和用法：

The finale of a show, piece of music, or series of shows is the last part of it or the last one of them, especially when this is exciting or impressive. (演出的) 终场，最后一幕；(音乐的) 终曲，末乐章；(一系列演出) 最后一场

If you say that an event provides a particular kind of finale to something, you mean that it provides it with a particular kind of ending. (特定的) 结尾，结束

finalist [ˈfaɪn(ə)lɪst] n. 参加决赛的选手 10445

finality [faɪˈnælɪtɪ] n. 定局；终结；终结性；不可改变性 16479

释义和用法：

Finality is the quality of being final and impossible to change. If you say something with finality, you say it in a way that shows that you have made up your mind about something and do not want to discuss it further. 终结性；决定性；不可改变性

例如：

Young children have difficulty grasping the finality of death.

小孩子很难理解死亡的不可改变性。

“Not this time, Faye,” he replied with finality.

“这次不行，费伊，”他斩钉截铁地说。

finalize [ˈfaɪn(ə)laɪz] vt. (尤指经与他人讨论)最后确定，最终敲定，定案 12827

释义和用法：

If you finalize something such as a plan or an agreement (协议), you complete (完成) the arrangements for it, especially by discussing it with other people. (尤指经与他人讨论)最后确定，最终敲定

例如：

We are saying nothing until all the details have been finalized.

在所有细节最后确定下来之前我们无可奉告。

finally [ˈfaɪnəlɪ] adv. 终于；最后；决定性地 471

词根“-fin”除了表示“限制，约束”，还可以表示“钱，付钱”，是与词根“-pen：钱”同源（首辅音 p，f 音似，尾辅音 n 相同，元音由 e → i 是合理的变化）

finance [ˈfaɪnæns; faɪˈnæns; fɪ-] n. 财政，财政学；金融 2833

助记：

fin (钱) +ance (名词后缀) →财政，金融 (都和“钱”相关)

financial [faɪˈnænʃ(ə)l; fɪ-] adj. 财政的，财务的；金融的 830

搭配：

offer financial incentives (考)：提供经济刺激

financial aid (考)：经济援助