磁共振胰胆管造影（Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography，MRCP with contrast）比腹部超声和 CT 更能准确地检测胆总管梗阻的原因。MRCP with contrast detects the cause of bile duct obstruction more accurately than transabdominal ultrasonography and CT.
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胆管扩张 bile duct dilatation 一、胆管的定义和解剖 胆管，bile duct，包括肝内胆管（intrahepatic bile duct）和肝外胆管（extrahepatic bile duct）。
胆管扩张，bile duct dilatation，dilatation of the bile duct，一般见于胆道引流不畅，狭窄（downstream stricture），或者梗阻（obstruction），可能出现胆红素升高，或者黄疸（jaundice）。诊断方法是依据影像学方法，主要是超声检查，测量肝/胆管内径，单位mm。
二、胆管扩张的超声判断 超声检查，Ultrasound，Harmonic imaging（谐波成像技术）
如果是单纯的肝内胆管扩张（Intrahepatic biliary dilatation only），即内径大于2mm，常见的病因可见于：
如果肝内外胆管都扩张（Intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary dilatation），常见的病因可见于：
三、其他影像学方法 胆总管（ the common bile duct ）的内径超过7mm一般认为是异常。超声测量的直径正常上限为6至8毫米，而 CT 测量为8至10毫米。胆囊切除术后，无症状的胆总管扩张可达10毫米，属于正常范围。After cholecystectomy, asymptomatic common bile duct dilation of up to 10 mm has been reported to be within normal range. CT 不能很好地显示胆管的异常，如结石、狭窄区域和肿块。CT is not very good at showing us abnormalities in the bile ducts like stones, areas of narrowing and masses. 磁共振胰胆管造影（Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography，MRCP with contrast）比腹部超声和 CT 更能准确地检测胆总管梗阻的原因。MRCP with contrast detects the cause of bile duct obstruction more accurately than transabdominal ultrasonography and CT. 内镜逆行胰胆管造影(Cholangiopancreatography，ERCP)主要是在梗阻可能(即有上行性胆管炎的迹象)时进行的治疗性手段，而非纯粹的诊断目的，与经皮或外科手术方法相比是优先选择。ERCP is primarily a therapeutic intervention when obstruction is probable (ie, there are signs of ascending cholangitis) rather than for purely diagnostic purposes, and it is typically preferred over percutaneous or surgical methods. 胰管扩张 一、胰管的定义和解剖 胰管，pancreatic duct，包括主胰管（main pancreatic duct）和副胰管（accessory pancreatic duct）。
二、胰管扩张的影像学方法 胰管扩张（pancreatic duct dilatation）的影像学方法也是超声，CT和MRI，其中磁共振胰胆管造影术（magnetic resonanced cholangio-pancreatography，MRCP）是更好的推荐。A dilated pancreatic duct can be diagnosed on imaging tests like ultrasound, CT and MRI. Dilated pancreatic duct is best imaged with a focused MRI called an MRCP.
胰管扩张，一般指主胰管扩张（main pancreatic duct dilatation），可能是占位行病变的一个征象。一般地，主胰管（MPD)扩张的标准是最大直径大于3mm或者扩张超过最窄的部分大于2mm。MPD dilatation was defined by an MPD with a maximal diameter greater than 3 mm or with dilatation more than 2 mm larger than its visible narrowest portion。一般地，胰腺恶性病变引起的MPD扩张更长，扩张也更为突然，相对良性病变引起的扩张是缓慢平缓的，且较短。胰腺萎缩可出现胰腺导管的扩张。
似乎没有主胰管扩张的严格标准，一般地，主胰管在胰腺头部大于3mm，体尾部大于2mm被认为是扩张。While there are no strict criteria for diagnosis of main pancreatic duct dilation, generally if the main pancreatic duct measures greater than 3 mm in the head and 2 mm in the body or tail of the pancreas. 胆总管和胰管同时扩张 胆总管和胰管同时扩张，可能是十二指肠壶腹部占位性病变的征象，所谓“双管征”（Double duct sign）。
“双管征”是指胆总管和胰管同时扩张。常见的原因是胰头肿块和壶腹部肿块，虽然偶尔可能是由结石引起。Double duct sign is the presence of simultaneous dilatation of the common bile and pancreatic ducts. The common causes are pancreatic head masses and ampullary masses, though it may occasionally be caused by stones.
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