中国茶叶的大分类通常还是按照制作工艺来划分为主的:绿茶、黄茶、白茶、青茶(乌龙茶)、红茶、黑茶。制作工艺直接影响到茶叶的相关发酵程度。
具体茶叶分类及相关代表,可以参照如下: The different kinds of Chinese Tea
绿茶 主要制作过程:采摘,萎凋, 揉捻,杀青, 干燥 品质特征:清汤绿叶,新鲜为关键,不发酵茶 按杀青不同分四类: 1) 炒青:代表品牌:龙井,碧螺春, 金眉 2) 烘青:闽烘青, 浙烘青为主,代表品牌:黄山毛峰 3) 晒青:云南,四川,陕西地为主 4) 蒸青:日本为主,代表品牌: 玉露 Green Tea Main process of manufacture: plucking, withering, twisting, fixation (inactivation), backing Main characters: Green leaf and light soap, the key point is fresh, non-fermented tea Divided to four kinds by different ways of fixation (inactivation): 1) Roasted ----- Representative Tea: Long jing, Bi luo chun, Jin mei. 2) Backed ----- Representative Tea: Huangshan maofong 3) Sun withering: ----- Mainly in Yunnang, Shichuan, Shangxi provinces 4) Steamed: ----- Mainly in Japan, representative Tea: YuLu 红茶 主要制作过程:萎凋,揉捻,发酵,干燥 品质特征:红汤红叶,香味甜醇,纯发酵茶 种类: 1) 工夫红茶: 代表有:滇红, 祁红, 闽红 2) 小种红茶:正山小种, 烟小种 3) 红碎茶 Black Tea Main process of manufacture: plucking, withering, twisting, fermentation, backing Main characters: Red leaf and red soap, deep flavor, fully fermented. Different kinds: 1) Congou ----- Representative Tea: Yunnan red tea, Keemum tea (Qihong), Minghong 2) Souchong ----- Representative Tea: Lapsang (拉普山), Smoked Lapsang 3) Broken Black 乌龙茶(青茶) 主要制作过程:晒青,做青,杀青,揉捻,干燥 品质特征:汤色金黄,绿叶红边,半发酵茶(做青属发酵步骤) 种类: 1) 闽南乌龙:铁观音,色种 2) 闽北乌龙:武夷岩茶(大红袍,水仙,肉桂),建欧水仙 3) 广东乌龙:凤凰水仙,单枞 4) 台湾乌龙:冻顶乌龙 Oolong Tea Main process of manufacture: plucking, rolling, fixation, twisting, backing Main characters: Golden soap, Green leaf with red sides, half fermented Different kinds: 1) Southern Fujian oolong ----- Representative Tea: Tikuanyin, Shezhong 2) Northern Fujian oolong ----- Representative Tea: Wuyi Rock-essence Tea (Including ShuiXin, RouGui, DaHongPao), Jinou Shui Xin 3) Gangdong oolong ----- Representative Tea: Phoenix ShuiXin, DangChong 4) Taiwan oolong ----- Representative Tea:Dongding tea 白茶 主要制作过程:萎凋,干燥 品质特征:汤色呈黄亮,半发酵茶 种类: 1) 白茶芽:银针 2) 白叶茶:白牡丹 White Tea Main Process of manufacture: plucking, withering, backing Main Characters: Yellow soap, half fermented Different kinds: 1) White buds tea ----- Representative Tea:silver needle 2) White leaf tea ----- Representative Tea: white peony 黄茶 主要制作过程:杀青,闷黄,杀青,干燥 品质特征:黄色黄汤,半发酵茶(闷黄步骤算发酵步骤) 种类: 1) 蒙顶黄芽,君山银针 2) 黄小茶:北港银针,沩山银针 3) 黄大茶:霍山黄大茶,广东大叶茶 Yellow Tea Main Process of manufacture: plucking, fixation, over brewing, fixation, backing 1) Mengding yellow buds, JunShan silver needle 2) Small yellow tea ----- Representative Tea: Beigang silver needle, WeiShan silver needle 3) Large yellow tea ----- Representative Tea: HuoShan large yellow tea, Guandong large leaf tea 黑茶 主要制作过程:杀青,揉捻,渥堆,干燥 品质特征:干茶油黑,汤色呈黄,后发酵茶(渥堆步骤算发酵步骤) 种类 1) 湖南黑茶:安氏 2) 湖北:老青茶 3) 四川边茶 4) 滇桂黑茶:普洱 Dark Tea Main process of manufacture: plucking, fixation, twisting, pile-fermentation, backing Main Characters: Dry tea is very dark, yellow soap, afterwards fermented 1) Hunang dark tea ----- Representative Tea: Anshi 2) Hunang dark tea ----- Representative Tea: Dark green tea 3) Sichuan brick tea 4) Yuannang&GuanXi dark tea ----- Representative Tea: Puer 再加工茶 1) 花茶:茉莉花茶,桂花茶 2) 紧压茶:茶饼,茶砖 3) 萃取茶:速溶茶,浓缩茶 4) 果味茶:奶茶 5) 药用保健茶 6) 含茶饮料:康师傅冰红茶 Re-manufactured tea: 1 ) Flower tea: Jasmine Tea, Osmanthus scented tea 2) Pressed tea: Caky Tea, Brick Tea 3) Extracted tea: Easy dissolve tea, concentrated tea 4) Fruit flavor tea: Milk tea 5) Medical Tea 6) Tea Beverage |
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