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初中英语常用词组辨析30组(三)...

 maggie2000 2010-10-24
初中英语常用词组辨析30组(三)
来源:互联网   时间:2010-07-27

  21、have been,have gone

  have / has been (to) 表示“曾经去过”某地

  have / has gone (to) 表示某人“已经去了”某地

  试比较:

  ① He has been to Beijing. 他曾去过北京。(人已回来,可能在这儿)、

  ② He has gone to Beijing. 他已经去了北京。(人已走,不在这儿)

 

  22、other another others the other

  1) other(两个中的)另一个,另一些,其他的。在句中作主语、宾语、定语。相当于名词时,有复数形式others.还有所有格形式other''s和 others''.other之前常用定冠词the.

  I have two cats;one is black and the other is white.

  我有两只猫,一黑,一白。

  This seat is free, the other seat is taken.

  These books are hers, and the other ones are mine.

  She always thinks of other people and never thinks of herself.

  I have two pencils; one is red; and the other is blue.

  There are only two books left. But I don’t like this one. Will you please show me the other?

  Some are listening to the radio, others are watching TV.

  There are thirty students in our class. Twenty are girls. The other students are boys.

  Some of the pencils are red. The others are green.

  (2)another

  意思是与某一个不同的另一个,又一个。是由不定冠词an和other合并构成,因此,它只能代替或修饰可数的单数名词,前面不再用冠词。例如:

  This book is too difficult for me. Will you please give me another one?

  I don’t like this one. Show me another.

  He got three books; One is dictionary, another is a play, the third is a grammar.

  (3) others

  和some对比使用时, 是“有些”的意思而不是做“其他” 讲, 如:Some cleaned the windows, others mopped the floor. 有的擦窗户, 有的擦地板。

  Some of us like singing and dancing,others go in for sports.

  我们中有些喜欢唱歌跳舞,而另一些人则喜爱运动。

  (4) the others

  是“其余的”意思, 表示在一个范围内的其他全部, 如: This dictionary is better than the others. 这本字典比别[其余]的好。

  He came in time, but the others were late.

  他按时来了,可是其他的人迟到了。

 

  23、So do I .与So I do

  对别人的话作出反应,可以用So do I .也可以用So I do . so作为一个替代词可代表上文的一个分句或分句的一部分,以表示同意对方的说法,这样用时so一般位于句首,但两个句子的意思却完全不同。So do I .表示"我也是这样",用以表示同意;而句型"so+代词+助动词"表示"…… 确实如此"(带有惊异的意味)。试比较:

  "I like fish .""So do I ." " 我喜欢吃鱼。""我也喜欢吃鱼。"

  "You like fish .""So I do ." "你喜欢吃鱼。""正是如此。"

  "It''s her turn .""So it is ." " 该轮到她了。""确是这样。"

  "He is very strict with himself .""So he is ." "他对自己非常严格。""是如此。"

  "You have to start early .""So I do ." "你得早点出发。""确是这样。"

  "She''s made a mistake about me .""So she has ." "她误会我了。""她的确误会你了。"

  "Li Ping speaks English very well .""So he does ." "李平英语讲得很好。""他确实讲得不错。"

  so的这种用法只用于肯定句中。否定句中用neither或nor,结构相似,意为"也不"。

  例如: "I won''t have any more .""Nor will I ." (或"Neither will I .")

  " 我不再要了""我也不要了。"

  neither和nor都可以用在句子和简略答语的开头,表示also not(也不是)。两个词后面跟倒装语序(与疑问句相同)。在这样的结构中,neither的意思与nor并无真正的不同,在正式文体中nor用得较少。请看例句:

  "I can''t swim .""Neither can I ." " 我不会游泳。""我也不会。"

  不能说I also can''t .或I can''t too .

  "Jack didn''t like the play .""Nor did we ." " 杰克不喜欢这出戏。""我们也不喜欢。"

  可以用not… either(用正常语序)替代neither或nor .

  "I can''t swim .""He can''t either ." " 我不会游泳。""他也不会。"

  I don''t like him and I don''t like her either . 我不喜欢他,也不喜欢她。

 

  24、everyone, anybody, somebody, all

  --Are_______ there now?

  --Yes.

  A.everyone B.anybody C.somebody D.all

  1 all 都,指三者以上。

  all的单复数由它所修饰或指代的名词的单复数决定。

  All goes well.  一切进展得很好。

  All are here. 所有人都在者。

  all 通常不与可数名词单数连用,如:

  不说 all the book,而说 the whole book。

  但all可与表时间的可数名词单数连用,如 all day,all night,all the year; 但习惯上不说 all hour,all century。

  all还可以与一些特殊的单数名词连用,如 all China, all the city, all my life, all the way

  2 everybody,everyone表示"每个人",everything表示"每一件事,东西".

  Everybody(Everyone) should try his best.

  Everything in the box is dangerous.

  3 somebody,someone,anybody,anyone均表示"某人",something,anything都表示"某事物".somebody,someone,something一般用于肯定句;anybody,anyone,anything一般用于否定句和疑问句:

  There''s someone(somebody) in the room.

  There isn''t anyone(anybody) in the room.

  He found something in the big hole.

  He didn''t find anything in the big hole.

  Is there anything in the big hole?

  4 somebody,someone,something有时用在疑问句中,含有肯定的意思.

  Is there someone in the room? (希望房间里有人)

  Would you like something to eat? (希望对方吃点东西)

  5 anybody,anyone,anything用在肯定句中,表示"任何人,任何东西".

  Anyone likes beautifull things.

  这道题目主要根据are表示主语是复数,所有人都在那吗?是的。

 

  25、may maybe 和may be

  may情态动词,用于肯定句,表示许可,目的以及可能性,也用于疑问句,表示请求,询问,怀疑,犹豫等。在疑问句中,常用can , could , might来代替may,其中could与might比may更有(更加)怀疑,犹豫,不确定。

  肯定句中,may表示许可时,更庄重,郑重一点。

  而may be则是情态动词may与系动词be的组合,这也是may的一个用法,may后边接动词的时,要用原形,当然这也是情态动词的一般性质。

  maybe是副词,“也许,可能”,“大概”,用法很简单,常用于句子开头,有时后边紧接着加一逗号,与后面的句子分开。表示一种可能性?可能发生某事(可能是这样),或可能不发生某事(可能不是某种情况)。

  例句:

  1. You may come in now . (许可)

  2. I give her some money so that she may buy some books . (目的)

  3. May I go now ? (询问)

  4. He has been ill for 3 days . He may be fine now .

  5. He has been ill for 3 days . Maybe , he is fine now .

  6. Maybe he will come , maybe he won’t .

  7. ?Is it true ?

   Maybe , I am not sure .

 

  26、some time some times sometime sometimes

  some time some times

  sometime sometimes 的区别。

  (1)some time表示“一段时间”。

  例:She stayed here for some time .

  (2)sometime 指“不确定的时间”

  例:He will come back sometime next week .

  Our house was built sometime around 1905.

  (3)sometimes“有时”“间或”“偶尔”

  例:He sometimes writes to me .

  (4)times 表“次数”“倍数”“时代、时期”,很少用some来修饰。

 

  27、 get ready to do sth. 和 be ready to do sth.

  get ready to do sth. 和 be ready to do sth.的意思是"准备做某事"。前者强调行为;后者强调状态。两者后面可接介词for,for后面接名词。如:

  We are ready for the English test.

  We are got ready for the dictation.

 

  28 、good与well

  做好讲时,good为形容词修饰名词,well通常是副词修饰动词、形容词和副词,只有well当(身体好;顺利)为形容词。例如;

  1. He was a good teacher.

  2. She spoke well.

  3. I am well again, thank you. 我的身体又好了,谢谢你。

 

  29、work hard和hard-working

  请问老师work hard和hard-working的区别?谢谢您!

  work hard是动词短语

  He works hard.

  hard-working相当于形容词,用来修饰名词,例如:

  Chinese people is a hard-working people.

 

  30、little, a little,few, a few

  few、a few、little、a little的区别和联系: few / a few用来修饰可数名词,few表示否定意义,没有,几乎没有;

  a few表示有肯定意思, 有几个。 例如:He has few friends here, he feels lonely.他这里没朋友,他感觉寂寞。

  There are a few eggs in the basket.篮子里有几个鸡蛋。 little / a little用来修饰不可数名词,little表示否定意思,没有,几乎没有。 a little 表示肯定意思,有一点儿。

  例如:

  There is little ink in my bottle, can you gire me a little ink? 我的瓶子里没有墨水了,你能给我点儿墨水吗?

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