学生们根据以上概念图,替Zoom进入各家餐馆问:Do you have any noodles today. ?相似的句式,降低了故事的难度;通过表演,学生进一步理解了故事语篇,有利于语篇整体信息的输出。如:
Today is Monday.Zoom and Zip are goingto a restaurant for dinner.Noodles are Zoom’S
favourite food.
Zoom : Do you h—av—e any noodles today,
Miss Gira
Miss Girafe:Sorry.Today is Monday.We have fish.We have noodles on Tuesday.
Zoom:Do you have any noodles,Mr Dog?
Mr Dog:I’m sorry. We have pork and
green beans today.We have noodles Oil Wednesday.
Zoom: Do you have any noodles, MissMonkey?
Miss Monkey:We have cabbage and routton.We have noodles on Thursday.
Zoom:Do you have any noodles,Miss Rabbit?
Miss Rabbit:W e have eggplant. We have noodles Oil Friday.
Zoom:Do you have any noodles,Mr Cat?
Mr Cat:Yes。we do.
Zoom:Great!It’S my favourlte food .
Uh-oh.They are too salty.Where are you.My yummy noodles?
5.概念图用于Recycle的语篇教学
Recycle是每三个单元的复习部分,综合性较强,学生不易分类、归纳。因而笔者常利用概念图先分层,再进行整体性的语篇输出,以达到最佳复习效果。下面以PEP五(上)
Recycle 1为例加以说明(图9)。
首先从概念favorite出发,再从子概念teacher、day、fruit、food. 继续发散。这一过程把主动权留给学生,老师引领学生共同完成概念图,并设计相应的问题,为语篇顺利输出构建支架。如:Questions:
1.Who’S your favourite teacher?
2.Wh at’S your favourite teacher like?
3.Wh at day is your favourite day?
4.Wh at do you do on Sunday/ . ?
5.Wh at’S your favourite food?Why?
学生根据这些支架产生变式,形成有个性的自我介绍。如:
Hello!My naIne is— —. I’m— — yearsold.My favourite teacher is— — — — — —
teacher.He/She is— —and— —. My favourite day is— —. We Call— — ,— — and— —. My favorite food is because .It’s and — — — — 一.
6.概念图用于Grammar的语篇教学在浙派名师经典课堂教学展示中,夏恩力老师执教的“For a better tomorrow”是一节有关比较级的语法课,其教学目标是能听、说、认、读有关比较级的词汇longer、shorter、bigger、fatter、heavier、happier等,同时能使用句型“—— is.
-er than— —. ”夏老师首先在黑板上呈现了三把尺子,用线条连接并说:“Ruler 3 is Ion—ger than Ruler 1.but is shorter than Ruler 2.”然后在尺子上放了三个球,并说道:“Ball 3 is
smallel"than Ball 1.but bigger than Ball 2.”这时教学已层层递进,慢慢地“由点到面,由词到句”舒展开来,为下面的语篇“Story of Shooby and Dooby”作好了铺垫(图10)。
随着教学内容的进展,夏老师接着在Ball2外画BaJl 4,小于Ball 1和Ball 3,连好线,相当于天平秤在称东西,然后启发道,“Bal 1and Ball 3 are heavier than Bal 2 and Ball 4.”概念图又增加了相关的概念,如:heavy/fat、heavier/fatter,同时也适当增加了一些语篇的“景架”(图11)。
T:Look,what are they?They are two pigs.
One is named shooby.Th e other is named Dooby.Please talk about them ,using the drills“
— —is. 一er than — —.
由此慢慢出现“词景”和“语架”,自然地将比较级的用法衔接到故事语篇:
Shooby and Dooby
Ali Baba has a little farm .On his farm ,he has two fat pigs. One is Shooby.One is Dooby.
Dooby:I am a fat pig.
Shooby:Haha!I am fatter than you!
Dooby:I am strong.
Shooby:Haha!I am stronger than you!
Dooby:I am big.
Shooby:Haha!I am bigger than you!
Dooby:I am pretty.
Shooby:Haha!I am prettier than you!
A1i Baba:Time for dinner!I am hungry
Let me see . Haha!Shooby is fatter.
OK!Shooby is my dinner!
Shooby:Oh!No.
Dooby:Haha!I am smarter than you!
夏老师将概念图用于比较级教学中,教学设计巧妙,教学环节流畅,教学效果明显。
四、语篇教学中运用概念图时应注意的几个问题
概念图是小学英语语篇教学常用手段之一,运用时应注意以下几个问题。
1.作为一种教学工具。教师在运用概念图时要体现有效性
运用概念图教学,首先要求教师要精心备课,特别要“吃透教材”,概念间的层级关系要清晰,表达概念的重点词、词组、句型等要准确达意;其次要注意将信息的提取和基础知识的积累和学习有效结合起来。运用时要注意学生的学习水平,如果学生的水平较低,教师就应该用相应具体的信息描述概念,反之则用相应概括的信息来描述。
2.作为一种教学策略,教师在运用概念图时要体现生成性
简洁、多样化的概念图能激发学生主动学习的兴趣。在运用概念图教学的过程中,教师应倾听学生的表达,关注学生的思维参与。不同的学生,对知识理解的程度、选择解决问题的切人点不同,概念图的呈现方式自然就不同。这时,教师要针对课堂教与学的实际动态生成概念图。
参考文献:
1.中华人民共和国教育部 《英语课程标准(实验稿)》,北京师范大学出版社,2001年
2.贾传安 “利用图表的英语语篇策略研究”,《中小学英语教学与研究)zoo6年第5期
3.陈静波李金梅“概念图在高中阅读教学中的应用”,《中小学外语教学}2006年第9期