一个更大的电机
Our next motor is simply a larger version of the first one, with a base made of wood like this:我们下一个电机只是一个更大的版本的第一个,底用木头做的这样的:
In the middle of the base we have placed the magnet. 在中间的根基,我们把磁铁。Around the magnet we have drilled four small holes for the support wires.我们在磁铁钻4个小洞为支持电线。
We wind the coil using thick wire (this wire is 20 gauge enameled copper wire). 我们把线圈使用粗电线(这丝制20量度铜线)。We use a "D" cell as the coil form:我们使用“D”线圈细胞形态:
We use brass wire for the supports, and we make all the connections under the base, so everything looks nice and neat. 我们使用黄铜线的支持,我们让所有的电路连接在基地,以每一样东西看起来都好又整洁。For a battery connection, we use a 9 volt battery clip.一个电池接口,我们使用一个9伏电池夹。
The finished motor looks like this:完成的汽车看起来像这样:
How does it work?这是怎样的呢?
When electricity flows through a coil of wire, the coil becomes an electromagnet. An electromagnet acts just like a regular magnet. It has a north pole and a south pole, and can attract and repel other magnets.当电流通过线圈的电线,线圈成为一个电磁铁。电磁体徒就像一个普通的磁铁。它有一个北极和南极,而能吸引和排斥其他的磁铁。
Our coil becomes an electromagnet when the bare copper half of the armature wires touch the bare wire of the supports, and electricity flows into the coil. The electromagnet has a north pole which is attracted to the south pole of the regular magnet. It also has a south pole that is repelled by the south pole of the regular magnet.我们的线圈成为一个电磁铁当净光的铜电枢的一半接触裸露电线线的支持和电涌进了线圈。磁铁就有一个北极是被吸引到南极的常规的磁铁。它也有一个南极,被南极的常规的磁铁。
When we scraped off the insulation from the armature wires, we were careful to do it with the coil standing up, and not lying flat on the table. This makes the poles of the electromagnet point to the left and right (as if there was an invisible regular magnet that had the wire wrapped around it). If the coil was flat on the table, the poles would point up and down.当我们完全从从电枢电线绝缘,我们谨守遵行线圈的站起来了,而不是躺平放在桌子上。这使得的两极电磁铁点到左和右(如果有一种无形的定期一块磁铁,有电线包裹着它)。如果线圈是平的放在桌子上,两极将指出上上下下。
Since the poles point left and right, they have to move in order to line up with the magnet at the bottom, whose poles are aligned up and down. So the coil rotates to line up with the magnet. But once the coil is exactly lined up with the magnet, the insulated half of the wire is now touching the supports instead of the bare half. The electricity is cut off, and the coil is no longer an electromagnet. This leaves it free to coast on around until the bare copper can again touch the bare support, and start the whole process over again.因为两极点左右,他们必须移动以上与磁铁的波兰人在底部,对齐上上下下。所以线圈按照旋转的磁铁。但是一旦线圈正是排队的磁铁、绝缘一半的线是现在触摸支持而不是净光的一半。电源被切断了,将不再电磁体。这使得能自由的境界,直到周围裸露的铜能再碰碰运气净光的支持,并开始整个过程一遍又一遍。
A faster motor更快的电机
One easy way to make the motor run faster is to add another magnet. Hold a magnet over the top of the motor while it is running. As you move the magnet closer to the spinning coil, one of two things will happen. Either the motor will stop, or it will run faster. Which of these happens will depend on which pole of the magnet you have facing the coil. Make sure you hold the motor down so the magnets will not jump together and crush the little motor!一种简单的方法,使电机运行速度是增加另一个磁铁。持有磁铁的上方电机在执行的时候。当你移动磁铁接近纺纱线圈,两种的事情???会发生。或发动机停止,否则就会跑得更快。这一切发生的时候取决于极磁铁你有面对线圈。确保你拿着电机向下,使磁铁不跳在一起,把小电机!
There is another way to speed up the motor. The motor only gets electricity during half of the cycle. During the other half, the insulation blocks the flow of current. This is necessary because once the coil has spun around to face the magnet, if we let the current continue to flow, it will stay stuck there, facing the magnetic pole to which it is attracted.还有另一种方法加快电机。电机只会越来越电在一半的周期。在其他的一半,绝缘阻塞流动的电流。这是有必要的,因为一旦缠绕在面对打了几个转磁铁,如果我们让当前继续流,它将会保持黏在那里,面对磁极它所吸引。
But suppose instead of just stopping the current, we reversed it, so the north pole of the electromagnet became the south pole, and vice versa. The coil would want to flip over again! And since it is already going in one direction, that is the direction it will choose to continue going (due to the inertia and momentum of the coil).但我想,而不是仅仅停止当前,我们逆转它时,那么北极的电磁铁成为南极,反之亦然。线圈就想翻过了!而且由于它已经朝一个方向,那是方向会选择继续走(由于惯性和气势卷)。
Now all we need to do is to figure out how to get the current to reverse, and how to get it to happen at the right time.我们现在所要做的事情就是要想出如何得到当前的逆转、,如何使它发生在那正确的时间。
It turns out to be pretty easy. Place the motor in front of you, so that the axle goes left to right. Now attach a bare wire to the left support, and let it rest on the right axle, just past the right support. Do the same thing with the right support and the left axle.原来是很简单的。将电机在你面前,使轴往左向右。现在附上一个光秃秃的电线和左支持,让它依靠正确的轴上,刚刚正确的支持。做同样的事情用正确的支持和左车桥。
On one half of the cycle, the bare half of the axle will face down and touch the bare wire of the support, just like before. On the other half of the cycle, the bare half of the axle will touch the new wires that are resting on top of the axle. Since these wires are connected to the opposite supports, the current will flow in the opposite direction. The motor will get two kicks per cycle instead of one, and will never be coasting, it will always have power. It will go twice as fast.在一个一半的周期,净光的一半的轴将面临下来,触摸裸露电线的支持,就像以前一样。在另外一半的周期,净光的一半的轴会触及到新电线上的正在休息车桥。由于这些电线连接到对面的支持,水流会相反的方向流动。电动机买两个踢每个周期而不是一个,及永不会已无心恋战,它将总是有力量。它就会快两倍。
Below is a photo of a motor built this way. The connections are hidden underneath the base for neatness, but you can see the wires resting on the top of the axles, and know that they are connected to the opposite supports.下面是电机的照片了。其间的联系很隐晦下面整洁的基地,但是你能看到这些电线睡在上面的主轴、,知道他们是被连接到对面的支持。
Below is a closeup view of the same motor. Notice that there are two tiny glass beads placed on the axles. These beads speed the motor up even more, as they reduce the friction of the armature against the supports. Since this reduction in friction balances the extra friction of the new wires, the motor still goes about twice as fast as the older, simpler motor.下面是看相同的看点电机。注意到有两个小玻璃珠放在轴。这些小珠子电机速度有更多的,因为他们减少摩擦电枢与支持。因为这减少摩擦平衡额外的摩擦的新电线,马达仍我行我素的两倍,老年人,简单的电机。
