2009年人教版高考英语高一重点及]难点归纳总结1

2009年人教版高考英语教材高一重点及]难点归纳总结辅导

Unit 1 Good Friends

一、语法

Direct and Indirect Speech(1)

直接引语和间接引语

1.直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整。

eg: "I broke your CD player."(一般过去时改成过去完成时)

He told me he had broken my CD player.

Jenny said,"I have lost a book."(现在完成时改成过去完成时)

Jenny said she had lost a book.

Mum said,"I’ll go to see a friend."(一般将来时改成过去将来时)

Mum said she would go to see a friend.

He said,"We hadn't finished our homework."(过去完成时保留原有的时态)

He said they hadn't finished their homework.

注意：直接引语是客观真理，过去进行时，时态不变。

2.在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语时第一人称或被第一人称所修饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。如：

Mary said,"My brother is an engineer."

Mary said her brother was and engineer.

3.直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句。如：

He said,"Can you run, Mike?"

He asked Mike whether/if he could run.

4.直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth”句型。如：

"Pass me the water, please."said he.

He asked him to pass her the water.

5.直接引语如果是以“Let's”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest+动名词或从句”的结构。如：

She said,"Let’s go to the cinema."

She suggested going to the cinema.(或She suggested that they should go to the cinema.)

二、聚焦高频考点

1.倒装句型：前句为肯定句，后句用so+谓语+主语，意为“某人也……”。如：

She likes dogs. So do I.

前句为否定句，后句用neither/nor+谓语+主语，意为“某人也不……”。如：

The girl has no brothers or sisters. Neither/Nor have I.

2.lonely, alone和lone

alone=by oneself, without others

lonely=unhappy because one is always away from his family or friends，“孤独地”“寂寞的”，暗示主观上的“孤独”“寂寞”，渴望有伴。也可以表示“地方的荒凉”。

lone也有“孤独的，孤零零的一个”，作定语。

eg: I'm alone but I'm not lonely.

I can see only one lone star in the cloudy sky.

leave sth alone表示“不去理会，不要去管某事”。如：

Leave me alone!别理我!

Let alone“更不用说”。如：

He can't speak Japanese, let alone write it.

作形容词时，alone不能与very连用, 而与much连用，即说much alone或very much alone或all alone；而lonely可与very连用：very lonely.

3.treat sb. as ...把某人当作……来对待

The old man treated the orphan as his own son.

“把某人看作……”有以下几种说法：

regard sb as ...=consider sb as ...=think of sb as ...

“把……误当作……”: take ... for ...如：

People sometimes take a rope for a snake.

4.care about表示“关心，计较，在乎”，一般用于否定句。如：

I don't care about going to the cinema.

care for表示“关心，照料，喜欢”，如：

She cared more for new clothes than for anything else.

5.make friends with sb.和……人交朋友。如：

We have made a lot of friends with the different people all over the world.

6.hunt for“竭力寻找”，在很多情况下，look for与search for或hunt for互换。如：

I hunted for the missing book everywhere.

be after表示“搜寻”“寻找”的状态，不指具体的动作。如：

That's what I am after.

7.such as用来列举同类人或事物中的几个例子，有时可与like互换，但such as用于列举时可分开使用。而for example一般只举同类人或物中的“一个”为例，作插入语，用逗号隔开，可置于句首句中或句末。

My brother likes collecting different kinds of things, such as coins, books.

三、常用词语和句型

1.be into sth.对……感兴趣，非常喜欢……(非正式英语)

eg: I'm not into classical music.

2.be fond of酷爱，非常喜欢，与enjoy相近，比like感情强。

eg: In his life, he is fond of English.

3.boring主语为物，如：

The book is boring.

bored主语为人，如：

He is bored.

4.survive幸存；活下来；残存；继续存在。

He survived the traffic accident.

Only three hundred houses survived the earthquake in that city.

survive作不及物动词，表示“残存；留传”的意思。

The custom still survives in that small village.

四、日常交际用语

Hi there. I'm Joe.

I enjoy singing.

I hate hiking and I'm not into classical music.

I'm fond of dancing.

I'm (not) sure that ...

Perhaps ...

He/She thinks that ... is boring/terrible.

 

Unit 2 English around the world

一、语法

Direct and Indirect Speech(2)

不定式在间接引语中的运用

祈使句变为间接引语时要将祈使句中的动词原形改为不定式，并在不定式前加上动词ask/tell/order等；若直接引语中的祈使句表示的是命令的口气，间接引语用tell/order; 若祈使句是否定式，则在不定式前加否定词not, 即tell/order sb. not to do sth.如：

"Don't smoke in the room,"he said.

He told me not to smoke in the room.

若直接引语中表示的是请求的口气，间接引语用ask，如：

"Please give the bird clean water every day."My friend said.

My friend asked me to give the bird clean water every day.

"Could you help me with my homework?"she said.

She asked me to help her with her homework.

当直接引语是疑问句时，在转变为间接引语时，应运用疑问词+不定式，在句中作宾语。如：

"When shall we start?"he asked.

He wanted to know when to start.

二、聚焦高频考点

1.a great/good many+可数名词的复数形式，如：

There are a great many Indian words in American English.

a number of+可数名词的复数形式，如：

A number of teachers and students take an active part in the match.

the number of中的number指“总数量”，与复数名词连用，谓语动词用单数。如：

The number of the Doctor and Masters in this primary school is only 20.

2.except for, except, besides, but, but for用法区别

except for用于非同类事物，它的宾语与前述对象不属同类。

eg: The essay is generally good except for some spelling mistakes.

but for=without表示“要不是……”。一般放在句首，表达语气是虚拟的，主句也用虚拟。如：

But for the Party, we would never get a good life.

except和besides用于肯定句时，except表示“除……之外（不再有）”强调除去部分；besides表示“除……之外（还有）”强调还包括的部分。如：

We all went hiking except Jack.(Jack不去)

We all went hiking besides Jack.(Jack也去)

except, besides, but用于否定句时可互换，如：

Nobody could get the certification except/besides/but you.

谓语是do时，except/but后的不定式省去to. 如：

He did nothing but/except stay at home all day.

But前没有do时，but后不定式要带to，如：

We have no choice but to wait.

3.定语从句中关系代词只能用that的情况

1)先行词是all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等。如：

That is all that I want to tell you.

2)先行词被all, few, any, every, little, no, some修饰时。如：

I have finished every book (that) my teacher lent me.

3)被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，如：

The second lesson that she learned will never be forgotten.

4)先行词被only, the very, the same, the last修饰时，如：

He is the only one that I want to see.

5)先行词既有人又有物时，如：

We were talking of things and persons that we remembered in the liberated area.

4.as作关系代词或关系副词引导定语从句时，as可作主语，表语，这个定语从句说明或代表整个主句，并可以放在主句之前。如：

As we all know, English is spoken all around the world.(as作宾语)

As is known to all, there is no ghost in the world.(as作主语)

5.助动词do使用不同的时态替代前文提到过的某一动词词组以避免重复。如：

In the same way Americans use the expression "I guess" just as the British did (这里的did替代前面的used the expression “I guess”) 30 years ago.

6.主语+have+(no, little, some, much, great, ...) difficulty/trouble in doing sth.做某事有困难/麻烦。如：

I have no difficulty in getting a job.

三、常用词语和句型

1.More or less 多少；有点儿；或多或少有几分

eg: I hope he can give you more or less help.

The child is more or less tired.

2.mean(meant, meant) 意味；打算；意欲

I'm sorry, I didn't mean to.(我不是故意的)

mean to do打算做……

He meant to have lunch here.

mean sb to do打算做……

I mean you to have dinner with me tonight.

mean (doing) sth打算做……

To him, doing nothing means giving up.

3.communicate with sb.与……人沟通，通信。

My friend often communicates with a foreigner by letter.

communicate sth. to sb.把……通知/告诉某人

I like communicating my plans to him.

4.knowledge知识；认知；消息；knowledge of“了解”

My knowledge of Japanese is so poor.

My cousin has a good knowledge of physics.

5.all around the world=all over/throughout the world

四、日常交际用语

Can you spell that, please?

I beg your pardon?

Could you repeat, please?

How do you say ... in English?

What do you mean by ...?

    How do you pronounce ...?

    Could you speak a bit slowly, please?

What does ... mena?

Unit 3 Going places

一、语法

The Present Continuous Tense for Future Actions

1.现在进行时表示一般现在时

现在进行时有时用来代替一般现在时，表示一个经常性动作或状态，为了表示一种情感：

eg: He is always helping others.(表示赞许的情感)

She is always lying to me.(表示不满的情感)

或是为了强调情况的暂时性。

eg: I'm walking to school because my bike is broken.

For these three days, we are starting at 8:00.

2.现在进行时可用来表示将来时, 现在进行时表示将来时，即表示按计划或安排在最近将要进行的动作。

特别是一些表示“移动性”的动词，如：go, come, arrive, leave, start, fly, get等，常用进行时表示将来时。如：

My mother is leaving for Canada tomorrow.

How long are you staying in Guangzhou?

二、聚焦高频考点

1.consider doing sth.=think of doing sth.“考虑做某事”，如：

I'm considering going abroad for further study.

consider carefully before taking action三思而后行

consider ... (as), regard ... as ..., treat ... as ...都含“认为……是……”意思。

consider侧重“经过考虑而认为”，表示“一种比较客观的看法”, 如：

consider what he said (as) reasonable. 我认为他说的有道理。

regard 指“把……认为”,“把……看作”，表示“以外部形象得出认识或个人的主观认识”，如：

He was regarded as the foremost authority on chemistry. 他被认为是化学最高权威。

treat表示“在某种认识的基础上看待或对待”，重在行动，而不在认识，如：

They will not be treated as enemies.他们不会被当做敌人对待。

2.means=way，方式，方法。

by means of通过；用；借助于，强调方式，方法。如：

Nowadays the Internet is an important means of communication.

今天网络是信息交流的重要工具。

The local army men helped the victims of the earthquake by every means at their command.

当地的军人用一切可能办法帮助地震灾民。

He climbed the tree by means of a ladder.

他用梯子爬上了树。

常用短语：

by all means 一定；务必

by any means 用一切可能的方法或手段

by no means 决不，一点也不

by this means 用这种方法

3.equipment装备；设备；必需品

office equipment办公室设备

Our school has been given some new equipment.

我们学校有了一些赠送的新设备。

A good sleeping bag is an essential part of every campers equipment.

一个完好的睡袋是每个露宿者必不可少的装备。

4.on one hand一方面；on the other hand另一方面,如：

I want to go to the party, but on the other hand I ought to be studying.

我想去参加聚会，但从另一方面来说，我应该留下来学习。

5.get away from ...从……逃离，脱离，离开。如：

He hoped he could get away from the meeting.

get away with ...(不可用被动语态)潜逃，逍遥法外。

Don't expect you can get away with the accident.

6.prefer与to搭配，表示“like sth. better than sth.”如：

I prefer coffee to tea.

Which of these two films do you prefer?

prefer doing sth. to doing sth.(这里的动词用动名词形式)表示相对于后一动作，更喜欢做前一个动作。

I prefer cycling to walking.

prefer to do ... rather than do 宁愿……而不愿

prefer to die rather than surrender

prefer to do ...喜欢做某事，用于只列举一个动作时。

She prefers to be alone.

7.why not ...?=why don't you ...?

Why not go rafting with us?=Why don't you go rafting with us?

8.at the same time同时

at times=sometimes有时

at all times=always随时，无论什么时候

at one time=once从前，曾经

at a time一次，每次

at no time决不，任何时候都不

9.unless：“除非”，“如果……不”

You'll fail in the exam unless you study hard.

= If you don't work hard, you'll fail in the exam.

三、常用词语和句型

1.try doing sth.试着做某事

eg: I tried doing all the things myself.

try to do sth.努力/尽力做某事(但未成功)

eg: The doctor tried to persuade his patient to stop smoking, but failed.

2.experience(n.)经验(不可数名词)；经历；阅历(可数名词)

eg: I don't think he has enough experience for the job.

experience(n.)经验；体验；感受

eg: Many people like traveling to experience life in other countries.

experienced(adj.)有经验的，熟练的

eg: Miss Liu is an experienced English teacher.

3.be popular with ...如：

This dance is popular with young people.

这种舞很受青年人喜爱。

4.instead(adv.)代替

instead of=in place of后跟名词，代词，动名词或介词短语

5.protect ... from ...保护……免受…… 如：

Don't worry. He will protect you from being hurt.

6.have to意为“不得不，必须”，强调客观上的必要；must则侧重于主观上的必要。

7.see sb. off给某人送行

8.separate(adj.)分离的，分开的；单独的。

eg: Cut the apple into three separate parts.

My sister and I sleep in separate beds.

separate(v.)使分离，使分开。

eg: Separate the good ones from the bad.

separate sth. (up) into ... 分开(几分)，分割成(几段)

The farmer separated the land (up) into small fields.

9.watch out for sth. 注意，警惕

eg: Watch out! The bus is coming.

You must watch out for the cars when you cross the car.

四、日常交际用语

Have a nice time in Guangzhou!

Say "Hi" to Bob for me.

Have a good trip.

 

Unit 4 Unforgettable experiences

一、语法

The Attributive Clause(1)

复习关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

1.who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词。

eg: Is he the man who/that wants to see you?(who/that在从句中主语)

He is the man whom/that I met yesterday.(who/that在从句中宾语)

2.Whose用来指人或物，(只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同of which互换)如：

Please pass me the book whose cover is blue.

3.which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可 作主语，宾语等。如：

The book (which/that) my teacher lent me is very interesting.

二、聚焦高频考点

1.be(get) married 表示婚姻状态。如：

They are married.

She got married to a doctor.

如果要表示结婚的时间，可用表示行为动作的连系动词get。

When did he get married?

He got married in 1997.

如果是父母作主，把女儿“嫁”出去，也用marry，如：

She married all her daughters.

She married her daughters to a farmer.

2.occur, happen, take place都含“发生”的意思。

happen为常用词语, 指“一切客观事物或情况的偶然或未能预见地发生”，如：

The accident happened yesterday.

事故发生在昨天。

happen to sb./sth.指不好的事情发生在某人(物)身上

occur属正式用语, 指“按计划使某事或效果发生”，通常所指的时间和事件都比较确定，在以具体事物,事件作主语时，可与happen 互换，如：

These events occurred in 1909.

这些事件发生于1909年。

occur to sb./sth.指“某种思想等呈现于某人的知觉中”，如：

Didn't it occur to you to phone him about it?

take place 指“发生事先计划或预想到的事物”，如：

The meeting took place at 8:00 as planned.

按计划会议在八点举行了。

3.be on fire着火，表状态。如：

Look out! The pan is on fire.

catch fire 表动作

eg: The house caught fire last night.

on the fire指的是炉火

eg: The pan was on the fire.

4.现在分词作状语表示伴随情况。句中有两个以上的动作，除主要动作用谓语动词表示外，另一个伴随动作均可用现在分词来表达。如：

The next moment the first wave swept her down, swallowing the garden.

Before they reached the house, a new great wave came, sweeping down trees, and sweeping them down too.

I sat at the gate, waiting for my mum.

三、常用词语和句型

1.remember to do sth. 记着做还没做过的事情。

eg: She'll remember to send the letter for you.

2.remember doing sth.对做过的事情还记得。

eg: I remember having met you before.

remember sb. to ...代……问好/问候。如：

Remember me to your parents.

3.used to“表示过去常常做……”该动作不是没有反复性。

注意used to的否定式和疑问句：

I used not to like classical music.(此时used to作情态动词)

I didn't use to like classical music.

Used you to like opera?(此时used to作情态动词)

Did you use to like opera?

四、日常交际用语

Help!

I'm afraid to ...

I'm afraid.

It scares me.

Don't worry.

Don't be afraid.

It'll be OK/all right.

It's all right!

Well done.

You can do it!

Come on!

That's better./Keep trying.

 

Unit 5 The silver screen

一、语法

The Attributive Clause(2)

复习由介词和关系代词共同引导的定语从句以及由关系副词where, when, why引导的定语从句。

“介词+关系代词”可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。这个结构中的介词可以是in, on, about, from, for, with, to, at, of, without等，关系代词只可用whom或which,不可用that，且介词后面的关系词不能省略。另外某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的“介词+关系代词” 结构可以同关系副词when和where互换。

eg: This is the house in which my mum and I used to live.

This is the house where (that) my mum and I used to live.

I'll remember the days in which you stayed with me.

I'll remember the days when (that) you stayed with me.

Is this the reason why (that) she was late?

Is this the reason for which she was late?

二、聚焦高频考点

1.play an (important) role in=play an (important) part in 在……起(重要)作用，担任……(重要)角色。如：

China is playing an important part in international trading.

Keanu Reeves played an important role in Speed.

2.owe表示“负债”，如：

Don't forget you still owe me 5000 RMB!

owe ... to“感激；把……归功于……”

The director owed his success to his family.

3.afford买得起

eg: He can afford an apartment.

他能买得起一套住房。

afford经受得住；承担得起

eg: Can you afford $12000 for ...?

你花得起12000美元买……吗？

I can't afford three weeks away from work.

我无法丢下工作三星期。

afford提供；给予

eg: The transaction afforded him a good profit.

这笔买卖使他赚了一大笔。

eg: He told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries.

他告诉我公司无法支付如此巨额的工资。

4.fail to do sth.不能, 不(做), 忘记；疏忽

eg: He failed to come.

他不能来。

She failed to pass the exam.

她考试不及格。

5.think highly of=sing high praise for高度评价，称赞某人/某物

eg: All the people think highly of her good deeds.

The teacher sang highly of the little boy.

6.make comments on/upon评论某事

eg: We are asked to make comments on the film.

三、常用词语和句型

1.become adult=grow up成长，成人

eg: What are you going to do when you grow up?

grown-up(adj.)成年的

eg: She has two grown-up sons.

2.be famous for以……而闻名

eg: This town is famous for its beautiful buildings.

这个城镇以它那漂亮的建筑而出名。

be famous as作为……而闻名

eg: Keanu Reeves is famous as an actor.

3.cause(vt.)引起，使发生

cause sb. to do sth.

eg: I'm sorry I have caused you so much trouble.

Your words caused him to change his mind.

4.can't help doing sth. 忍不住做某事

eg: I couldn't help laughing at his joke.

5.take one's place“就座”；“代替某人的工作”

eg: After we took our place, the meeting began.

The headmaster asked for a leave and I had to take his place.

四、日常交际用语

You studied /worked /acted at different ...

First…, and then ...

What did you do next?

Finally you found a job as ...

Later on ...

What made you decide to ...?

What roles did you act?

What do you think of the film?

How long have you been working as ...?

 

Unit6 Good manners

一、Grammar

The Restrictive Attributive Clause and Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause

限制性和非限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。如：

This is the car which we bought last year.

The house, which I bought last week, is very bright.

二、聚焦高频考点

1.mean to do“打算，企图”。

She means to stay here for two more days.

mean doing“意味着”

Missing the plane means waiting for another hour.

2.apologise to sb. for sth./doing sth./what从句,为某事向某人道歉

You should apologise to your teacher for coming late.

I apologise for my mistakes.

I want to apologise for what I've done.

make an apology to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人道歉

She has made an apology to me for her carelessness.

3.forgive(forgave, forgiven)饶恕，豁免，宽恕。常指原谅一个人的过失

Just forgive him!

Don't forgive such a person.

excuse表示语气，程度逐渐加强，指轻微的冒犯，失礼。

Excuse me for being late.

pardon多指较正式，客气的请求。

Please pardon me for stepping you on the foot.

4.at the table餐桌旁

We are discussing a question at the table.

at table在进餐

His family are sitting at table.

on the table在桌面上；公开

The wounded solider are lying on the table.

The manager is going to put the question on the table.

5.advice(不可数名词)

a piece of advice/much advice

give; follow/take; ask for advice提出，接受，征求意见

eg: I usually ask for his advice.

Some people don't like taking others' advice.