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中考英语语法总复习与随堂测 一．名词 名词是表示人、地方、事物或抽象概念名称的词，可以说名词是万物之名称。它们可以是：
集体名词：表示一群人或一些事物的总称。如 family, people, class, police . 普通名词
抽象名词：表示抽象概念的词。如 health, help, work, friendship . 不可数名词
2. 可数名词复数形式的构成 可数名词的复数形式通常是在单数形式后加-s或-es，现将其复数的一般构成方法及读音列表如下：
英语中还有不少名词的复数形式是不规则的，必须把它们牢记在心。如：man→men, woman→women, Frenchman→Frenchmen, child→children, tooth→teeth, foot→feet, goose→geese, mouse→mice, sheep→sheep, deer→deer, fish→fish等。
3. 名词的所有格 在英语中，有些名词的词尾 可以加上’s，用来表示所有关系，这种结构称为名词的所有格。
三、随堂监测A组I. 写出下列名词的复数形式： 1. house _________ 2. village ___________ 3. map __________ 4. orange _________ 5. bag ___________ 6. exercise ___________ 7. brush __________ 8. family ___________ 9. bus ___________ 10. city __________ 11. box ___________ 12. baby __________ 13. class __________ 14. factory _________ 15. glass __________ 16. dictionary __________ 17. watch _________ 18. woman _________ 19. match __________ 20. man _________ 21. wish __________ 22. German __________ 23. tomato _________ 24. policeman ___________ 25. kilo __________ 26. human _________ 27. potato ___________ 28. Chinese __________ 29. shelf __________ 30. Japanese __________ 31. leaf ___________ 32. American __________33. life ___________ 34. tooth __________ 35. wife ___________ 36. foot ___________ 37. knife __________ 38. sheep __________ 39. half ___________ 40. child __________ II. 将下列词组译成英语： 1、一群孩子 2、两箱子苹果 3、三篮子蔬菜 4、九块面包 5、十杯牛奶 6、五块肉 7、多种植物 8、一副眼镜 9、两块冰 10、三张纸 11、四瓶橘汁 12、五杯茶 13、六碗米饭 14、七袋米 15、八块木头 16、九块豆腐 四、随堂监测B组Ⅳ. 选择填空： 1. I want to buy ________. A. two bottles of ink B. two bottle of ink C. two bottle of inks D. two bottles of inks 2. They don’t have to do _______ today. A. much homework B. many homeworks C. many homework D. much homeworks 3. The ______ of machine made us feel sick. A. voice B. noise C. sound D. noises 4. Excuse me, are you ______? --- Yes, I’m from ________. A. Japan, Japanese B. China, Chinese C. England, English D. American, America 5. There are three ______ and seven ______ in the picture. A. cows, sheeps B. cows, sheep C. cow, sheep D. cow, sheeps 6. June 1 is _______. A. children’s day B. children’s Day C. Children’s Day D. Children’s day 7. ______ room is next to their parents’. A. Kate’s and Joan’s B. Kate’s and Joan C. Kate and Joan’s D. Kate and Joan 8. Miss Green is a friend of _______. A. Mary’s mother’s B. Mary’s mother C. Mary mother’s D. mother’s of Mary 9. Tom is ______. He will come to see me. A. my a friend B. a friend C. mine friend D. a friend of mine 10. Sheep _______ white and milk _______ also white. A. is, are B. are, is C. is, is D. are, are 11. I’d like to have a glass of milk and _______. A. two breads B. two pieces of breads C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread 12. It’s a long ______ to Paris. It’s two thousand kilometers. A. street B. road C. way D. end 13. Many ______ are singing over there. A. woman B. women C. girl D. child 14. He bought _______. A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoes C. two pairs of shoe D. two pair of shoe 15. Mr. White has three _______. A. child B. children C. childs D. childrens 16. Beijing is one of the biggest _______ in the world. A. citys B. city C. cityes D. cities 17. --- Where’s Mr. White? --- He’s in _______. A. the room 202 B. Room 202 C. the Room 202 D. room 202 18. Shops, hospitals and schools are all _______. A. places B. homes C. rooms D. buildings 19. Every morning Mr. Smith takes a _______ to his office. A. 20 minutes’ walks B. 20 minute’s walk C. 20-minutes walk D. 20-minute walk 20. ---Are these ______? --- No, they aren’t. They’re _______. A. sheep, cows B. sheep, cow C. sheeps, cow D. sheeps, cows 21. There are many ______ in the fridge. A. fish B. fruit C. eggs D. bread 22. --- Whose room is this? --- It’s _______. A. Li Ming B. Li Ming’s C. Li Mings D. Li Mings’ 23. Here are ______ for you, Sue. A. potatos B. some potatoes C. three tomatos D. some tomato 24. Here are some birthday cards with our best ______ for her. A. wish B. hope C. wishes D. hopes 25. I always go to that ______ to buy food on Sunday. A. shop B. park C. zoo D. garden 26. What’s the Chinese for “ PRC”? A. 中国人民解放军 B.中华人民共和国 C.联合国 D.中国共产党 27. Sam gave Ann some _______ to look after Polly while he was away. A. picture-books B. inventions C. instructions D. messages 28. --- Which of the following animals lives only in China? --- The ________. A. monkey B. elephant C. panda D. cat 29. ______ room is on the 5th floor. A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy and Lily’s C. Lucy’s and Lily D. Lucy’s and Lily’s 30. The third month of the year is _______. A. March B. January C. February D. April 31. Mum, I’m quite thirsty. Please give me ________. A. two orange B. two bottle of oranges C. two bottles of orange D. two bottles of oranges 32. It’s very cold today. Why don’t you put on your ______? A. watch B. shirt C. sweater D. glasses 33. I met some ______ in the park and talked with them the other day. A. Janpaneses B. American C. Chineses D. English 34. _______ is the best time for planting trees. A. Summer B. Winter C. Spring D. Autumn 35. Tom was badly hurt in the match. They carried him to the ______ as quickly as possible. A. bank B. post office C. shop D. hospital 36. There are two ______ in the room. A. shelf B. shelfs C. shelfes D. shelves .. There are seven ______ in a week. A. years B. months C. days D. minutes 38. My father is a ______. He works in a hospital. A. teacher B. doctor C. farmer D. writer
V. 各地中考题选编： 1. --- Where is Tom? --- He’s left a ______ saying that he has something important to do. A. excuse B. message C. exercise D. news 2. There is no ______ in the bus so we have to wait for another bus. A. room B. a room C. rooms D. seats 3. --- Would you like some ______? --- Oh, yes. Just a little. A. pears B. oranges C. sugar D. apples 4. You can find the following INSTRUCTIONS on _______. KEEP IN A COLD PLACE A. food B. money C. clothes D. books 5. Mr. Green has lived in the _____ hotel since he came to China. A. five-star B. five-stars C. five star’s D. five stars 6. She was born in Wuhan, but Beijing has become her second _______. A. home B. family C. house D. place 7. --- What’s the _____ today? --- It’s June 26. A. day B. date C. time D. hour 8. English is spoken as a first language in ______. A. the USA B. India C. Japan D. China 9. ______ comes from cows. A. Wool B. Chicken C. Pork D. Milk 10. Which of the following does paper burn in? A. 11. Let the children go away. They’re making too much ______ here. A. noise B. voice C. noisy D. sounds 12. ______ comes from sheep and some people like eating it. A. Wool B. Pork C. Mutton D. Milk 13. --- Oh, there isn’t enough ______ for us in the lift. --- It doesn’t matter, let’s wait for the next. A. ground B. floor C. place D. room 14. _______ is the biggest city in China. A. Beijing B. Shanghai C. Guangzhou D. Kunming 15. The Englishman Stephenson (史蒂芬孙), invented _______. A. the ship B. the car C. the plane D. the train
二．冠词 冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。 I. 不定冠词的用法：
II. 定冠词的用法：
III. 零冠词的用法：
三、随堂监测A组I. 在下列句子的空格中填上适当的冠词，不需要的地方用“/”表示： 1. This is ______ old map. It is ______ useful map. 2. We have no classes in ______ afternoon on _______ Saturday. 3. ______ spaceship flies at about eleven kilometers _______second. 4. Beijing is ______ capital of ______ China. It is _______ beautiful city. 5. Roman was not built in ______ day. 6. Chinese is quite ______ difficult language for Mike. 7. Many ______ students will take ______ active part in sports meet. 8. There is ______ interesting picture on ______ wall. 9. Jenny found ______ wallet lying on ______ground. ______ wallet was Mr. Black’s. 10. Which is ______ biggest, ______ sun, ______ moon, or ______ earth? 11. --- Which picture is more beautiful? --- ______one on ______ left, I think. 12. --- Which is _____ way to ______ hospital? --- Go down this road and turn left on ______ second crossing. 13. _______ more, _______ better. 14. _______ Turners are sitting at breakfast table. 15. Joe Hill was _______ fighter for ______ working class. 16. When was ______ People’s Republic of China founded? 17. In China ______ first English textbooks were published in _____late nineteenth century. 18. After ______ breakfast he went to ______ school on ______ foot. 19. ______ Huanghe River lies in ______ north of China. 20. He likes playing ______ football. His sister likes playing ______ piano.
四、随堂监测B组III. 选择填空： 1. There is ______ old woman in the car. A. / B. the C. a D. an 2. Shanghai is in _______ east of China. A. / B. an C. the D. a 3. Bill is ______ English teacher. He likes playing ______ football. A. a, the B. an, the C. a, / D. /, / 4. The museum is quite far. It will take you half _____ hour to go there by ______ bus. A. an, / B. an, a C. a, / D. /, / 5. The story is ______ interesting. That means it is ______ interesting story. A. an, the B. the, a. C. /, an D. /, a 6. Let’s go for ______ walk, shall we? A. a B. an C. the D. / 7. This is ______ interesting story-book and it is also ______ useful one. A. a, a B. an, an C. an, a D. a, an 8. _______ woman over there is ______ popular teacher in our school. A. A, an B. The, a C. The , the D. A, the 9. They passed our school ______ day before yesterday. A. an B. one C. a D. the 10. Australia is ______ English-speaking country. A. a B. an C. the D. / 11. Don’t play ______ basketball here. It’s dangerous. A. a B. an C. / D. the 12. This is ______ apple. It’s _______ big apple. A. an, a B. a, the C. a, an D. an, the 13. --- Have you seen ______ bag? I left it here just now. --- Is it ______ one on the chair near the door? A. a, a B. the, the C. a, the D. the, a 14. I have ______ blue coat. A. a B. an C. the D. some 15. This is _____ orange. _______ orange is on the table. A. a, The B. an, The C. an, An D. the, An 16. Have you had ______ breakfast? A. a B. an C. the D. / 17. He wondered when the doctor could finish _____ operation. A. a B. an C. the D. any 18. After ______ supper, he stayed at home and played ______ violin. A. the, the B. /, the C. /, a D. /, / 19. There is ______ apple on the plate. A. a B. an C. the D. / 20. He said that he got ______ “ C” in the test. A. a B. an C. the D. / 21. ______ new bridge has been built over ______ Huangpu River. A. The, a B. A, / C. A, the D. An, an 22. English is _______ useful language in ______ world. A. an, the B. a, the C. the, the D. an, an 23. In the word “ cariage” _______ “ r” is lost. A. the B. an C. a D. / 24. With the help of his teacher he studied hard and got ______ “ A” in the test. A. a B. an C. the D. one 25. I have two dogs. ______ black one is two years old and ______ yellow one is three years old. A. A, a B. The, a C. The, the D. A. the 26. Li Dan can play ______ piano very well. A. / B. a C. an D. the 27. What ______ interesting film it is! I like ______ film very much. A. a, the B. a, a C. an, the D. The, / 28. ______ tall man over there is our ______ English teacher. A. A, the B. The, a C. A, an D. The, /
三．代词： 代词可以分为以下七大类：
一、. 人称代词的用法 1）人称代词的主格在句子中充当主语 例如： I am studying English now. 我现在正在学英语。 We love our country. 我们热爱我们的国家。 如果有几个人称代词并列充当主语，它们的顺序是： 单数形式 you, he and I 复数形式 we, you and they 2）人称代词的宾语在句子中充当宾语、介词宾语或表语。 例如： Can you help us? 你能帮助我们吗？ We are waiting for them. 我们正在等他们。 Who is there? It’s me. 是谁呀？是我。 二、形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的主要用法区别 1）形容词性物主代词不能独立使用，只作定语，用来修饰后面的名词。 例如： My parents are both doctors. 我的父母都是医生。 We saw a film yesterday. Its name was Speed. 我们昨天看了一场电影，片名是《生死时速》。 2）名词性物主代词应独立使用，后面不跟名词，相当于形容词性物主代词+名词，它们在句中可以作主语、宾语或表语。 例如： Is this her pen? No, hers is red. （主语） 这是她的钢笔吗？不，她的是红色的。 Let’s clean their room first, and then clean ours. （宾语） 咱们先打扫他们的房间，然后再打扫我们的。 These letters are his.（表语） 这些信是他的。 三、反身代词的用法 1）在句子中作宾语，表示动作回射到动作的执行者本身。 例如： My grandmother is too old to look after herself. 我奶奶年纪太大了，照顾不了她自己。 Lei Feng was always ready to help others, he never thought of himself. 雷锋总是乐于帮助别人，从不考虑自己。 2) 主要用于加强语气 I did it myself. 3）反身代词在实际运用中可构成许多常用词组。 例如： by oneself 亲自 for oneself 为自己 call oneself 称自己 teach oneself 自学 help oneself to 随意吃 lose oneself 迷路 speak to oneself自言自语 seat oneself 就座 make oneself understood 让别人懂得自己的意思 四、 常见不定代词的用法讲解 1. some和any a．some常用于肯定句，any多用于否定句，疑问句或条件状语从句，两者都可以代替可数或不可数名词。 例如： Some say yes and some say no. 有的人说是，有的人说不是。 I don’t like any of them. 我对他们一个也不喜欢。 Does any of them know this? 他们当中有谁知道吗？ b．在委婉语气疑问句中的不定代词要用some，不用any。 例如： Would you like some of the tickets? 你想要些票吗？ c．在强调“任何一个”意思的时候，any也可用于肯定句。 例如： You can take any of the newspapers here. 你可以拿这儿任何一份报纸。 2. few, a few, little, a little在用法上的区别 1）用作形容词：
I'm going to buy a few apples. He can speak only a little Chinese. There is only a little milk in the glass. He has few friends. They had little money with them. 2）a little和little也可以用作副词，a little表示“有点，稍微”，little表示“很少”。 I'm a little hungry. (修饰形容词hungry) Let him sleep a little. (修饰动词sleep) Mary, go a little faster, please. (修饰副词比较级) She slept very little last night. 3. other, the other, another, others, the others的区别。
1）other也可以用作代词，与冠词the连用构成“the other”，表示两个人或物中的“另一个”。常与one搭配构成“one ..., the other ...”句型。 He has two brothers. One is 10 years old , the other is 5 years old. She held a ruler in one hand and an exercise-book in the other. 2）other作代词用时，可以有复数“others”，泛指“其他的一些人或物”。常与some搭配构成“some ...., others ...”句型。 Some went to the cinema, others went swimming. This coat is too large. Show me some others, please. 3）“the others”表示特指某范围内的“其他所有的人或物”。 We got home by 4 o'clock, but the others didn't get back until 8 o'clock. In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese. 4）another可以作形容词用，修饰后面的名词，意为“另一个”，还可以跟代词one. You can see another ship in the sea, can't you? Mary doesn't want to buy this skirt. Would you please show her another one? 5）another也可以作代词用，表示“另一个”。 I'm still hungry after I've had this cake. Please give me another. 4. every与each的区别。
The teacher gave a toy to each child. Each ball has a different colour. 当我们说each child, each student或each teacher时，我们想到的是一个人的情况。而当我们说every child和every student时，我们想到的是全体的情况，every的意思与all接近，表示他们都如此。 Every student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher. Every child likes playing. = All children like playing. 5. all和both的用法。 both表示两者都，而all表示三者或三者以上，both和all用于助动词之后，实义动词之前 Both Jim and Tom are students.Jim and Tom are both students. Both of them are students. They all come from Australia. They are all from Australia. All of them are students. all the students = all of the students all of us = we all 6、either(两者任一)与neither(两者无一),either of, neither of后谓语动词常用单数形式 Do you know either of the two ladies? -Are the two answers right?-No, neither is right. Neither he nor I am right. either of… neither of…
五、相互代词 六、 疑问代词 问句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作为某一句子成分。例如： Who is going to come here tomorrow? （作主语） What is that? (作表语) Whose umbrella is this? (作定语) Whom are you waiting for? (作宾语) 七、关系代词 关系代词是一种引导从句并起连接主句和从句作用的代词。关系代词有 who, whose, whom, that, which. 它们在句中可用作主语,表语,宾语,定语. 在主句中,它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词。例如： I hate people who talk much but do little. I’m looking at the photo which you sent me with your letter. With the money that he had saved, he went on with his studies. Do you know the lady who is interviewing our headmaster? 三、随堂监测A组I. 选择填空： 1．This dictionary is not hers. It’s _______. A. I B. me C. mine D. my 2. --- Is this ______ magazine? --- No, it isn’t. It’s ________. A. your, her B. hers, mine C. yours, hers D. your, hers 3. There are two books on the desk. One is a maths book, _______ is an English book. A. others B. other C. the other D. another 4. _______ of the girls plays tennis well. A. Neither B. Both C. All D. Some 5. Mary speaks very quickly. _______ is difficult to understand what she is saying. A. That B. she C. It D. There 6. The school was built by the villagers _______. A. us B. ourselves C. them D. themselves 7. He put a finger(手指) into ______ mouth and sucked it. A. his B. he C. him D. his’s 8. He is always ready to help ______. A. another B. others C. the other D. other 9. Let _______ do this exercise myself. A. him B. her C. us D. me 10. Do you have _______ to tell us? A. important something B. something important C. important anything D. anything important 11. I met an old friend of ______ on ______ way home. A. mine, my B. my, the C. mine, a D. mine, the 12. ______ of the students in our class has a ticket. A. Every B. Both C. Each D. All 13. There are several books on the desk.. _____ of them is English. A. All B. Both C. None D. Neither 14. _______ live in Shanghai. A. We B. Our C. Ours D. Ourselves 15. --- Is this ______ jacket? --- Yes, it’s _______. A. her, her B. her, hers C. hers, her D. hers, hers 16. --- _______ is that boy? --- He’s my son. A. Who B. Whom C. What D. Which 17. _______ humans ______ animals can live without air. A. Both, and B. Neither, nor C. Either, or D. Not only, but also 18. They have twenty-six desks in the classroom. One is for the teacher, ______ are for the students. A. the other B. other C. the others D. others 19. My dictionary is in my bag. Where is _______? A. yours B. you C. yourself D. your 20. I think you can do the job ______. A. yourself B. myself C. himself D. your 21. --- Which jacket is Mary’s? --- The red one is _______. A. she B. her C. hers D. his 22. My uncle was so angry that he was no ______ when he found I was beating his dog. A. him B. his C. himself D. he 23. There are many trees on ______ side of the street. A. all B. both C. every D. each 24. _____ is important for us to keep the balance of nature. A. There B. That C. This D. It 25. She can’t find ______ watch. A. hers B. it C. her D. it’s 26. There is ______ milk in the glass. A. many B. little C. few D. a few 27. Please pass ______ the cup of tea. A. me B. my C. mine D. I 28. Have you heard from ______ recently? A. them B. they C. themselves D. their 29. There is _____water in the bottle. A. not B. some C. any D. many 30. There isn’t ______ food left on the table. A. many B. few C. much D. little 31. Sorry, I can’t answer your question. I know ______ about the news. A. a little B. little C. few D. a few 32. This is his schoolbag, ______ is on the desk. A. my B. yours C. your D. you 33. We made the radio ______. A. us B. ourselves C. myself D. our 34. Would please give me ______ hot tea? A. one B. little C. some D. any 35. --- Would you like some milk in your tea? --- Yes, just _______. A. a little B. little C. a few D. few 36. This question is so difficult that ______ students can answer it. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 37. They have only _________ homework for Sunday. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 38. They told us about their school and we told them about_______. A. we B.us C. our D. ours 39. This blue suit looks better than the green ________. A. / B. one C. suits D. ones 40. _________ is your father ,a worker or a teacher? A. How B. Which C. What D. Who
四、随堂监测B组II. 中考题集： 1．--- Whose painting is this? It’s really wonderful! --- Oh, it’s not ________ . It’s _________ . A. hers; your B. mine; Elsa’s C. yours; he’s D. his; my 2．_________ of the twins went to watch Peking Opera last Sunday. They were staying at home all that day. A. Either B. Both C. Neither D. One 3．The English novel is quite easy for you. There are __________ new words in it. A. a little B. little C. a few D. few 4．This ruler is mine. __________ is over there. A. She B. She’s C. Her D. Hers 5．I’ll tell you ________ news about the sports meeting. A. many B. some C. a few 6．All the boys were very tired, but _______ of them would take a rest. A. all B. neither C. any D. none 7．Every day Mr. Hu checks _________ homework and corrects the mistakes we make. A. his B. her C. our D. its 8．--- When shall we meet again, this afternoon or tonight? --- I don’t mind. _________ time is OK. A. Either B. Every C. Neither D. Both 9．The old man has two sons. One is a worker ; ________ is a teacher. A. another B. other C. others D. the other 10．Pass _________ the knife, please. My pencil is broken. A. I B. me C. my D. mine 11．--- Which do you prefer, orange juice or coke? --- _________, thanks. I’d like just a cup of tea. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None 12．Bob couldn’t buy the dictionary because he had _________ money with him. A. a few B. few C. a little D. little 13．This is not my dictionary. It’s ________. A. her B. his C. your D. their 14．--- Oh! I came n a hurry and forgot to bring food. --- Never mind. You can have _________ . A. us B. ours C. you D. yours 15．--- The watch is so nice! Is it for ________? --- Yes. Happy birthday. Mary! --- Thank you very much. A. his B. me C. my D. hers 16．--- May I use your pen? --- Yes, here are two and you can use ________ of them. A. both B. every C. any D. either 17．--- Whose book is this? --- It’s ________ . A. my B. mine C. me D. I 18．--- How many more oranges can I have ? --- You can have one more. __________ are for Tom. A. The others B. Another C. Others D. The other 19．--- Can I talk to you for a minute, Brain? --- Sure, I have _______ time. A. a few B. little C. few D. a little 20．Their English teacher is from America, but ________ is from England. A. ours B. my C. your D. her 21．Anne has a son. _______ name is Edward. A. Her B. His C. Hers D. Him 22．This isn’t my sweater. It’s __________ , I think. A. she B. her C. hers D. mine 23．Hurry up! There’s _________ time left. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 24．--- Could I have some milk? --- Certainly. There’s ________ in the bottle. A. little B. a little C. a few D. few 25．You can’t see many of the stars in the sky because __________ are too far away. A. they B. their C. them D. theirs 26．Lei Feng asked _________ for return when he helped others. A. everything B. nothing C. anything D. something 27．--- Is it your ticket? --- No, _________ is in my pocket. It’s ________. A. mine; her B. my; his C. mine; hers D. my; hers 28．Can you tell me ________ she is waiting for? A. why B. whose C. what D. which 29．Miss Brown will teach ________ English next term. A. us B. we C. our D. ours 30．There is _________ in today’s newspaper. A. new anything B. new something C. anything new D. something new 四、数词 表示数目和顺序的词叫数词。数词可分为基数词和序数词两类。 （一）基数词 基数词用来表示数目，或者说表示数量的词叫基数词。最基本的基数词如下表所示。
说明： 1．101—999的基数词先写百位数，后加and再写十位数和个位数。如： 691 six hundred and ninety-one。 2．1000以上的基数词先写千位数，后写百位数，再加and，最后写十位数和个位数。 如：5893 five thousand eight hundred and ninety-three。 在基数词中只有表示“百”、“千”的单位词，没有单独表示“万”、“亿”的单位词，而是用thousand（千）和million（百万）来表达，其换算关系为：1万=10 thousand;1亿=100 million; 10亿=a thousand million=a billion。 （二）、基数词的用法 1．表示单位的基数词(hundred, thousand, million, billion)不能在词尾加-s。 例如： two hundred students 二百个学生 five thousand years 五千年 2．基数词的复数形式表示大量的数目，在这种情况下，表示单位的基数词词尾加-s，要与of短语连用。 3．基数词在句中的作用 基数词的作用相当于名词和形容词，它在句子中可充当主语，宾语，表语和定语。 例如： Three and five is eight. 3+5=8 主语 表语 How many oranges do you want?你要多少桔子？ I want eight.我要八个。 宾语 There are eightboats in the lake. 湖里有八条小船。 定语 （三）序数词的用法 表示顺序的词，叫序数词。序数词用来表示数词顺序。除特殊情况外，序数词一般都由相应的基数词加后缀-th构成。 请见下表：
1．序数词可缩写为阿拉伯数字加序数词最后两个字母。 例如： 第一：(the) first=1 st 第二：(the) second=2 nd 第三：(the) third=3 rd 第五：(the) fifth=5th 第九十七：(the) ninety-seventh=97 th 第一百零一：(the) one hundred (and)first=101st 2．编了号的事物要用基数词表示顺序，但是基数词要后置。 例如： 第一课：Lesson One 第三十二页：Page 32 第305房间：Room 305 第12路公共汽车：Bus No.12 3. 序数词和基数词一样，也能起名词或形容词作用，在句子中作主语、表语、宾语和定语。 例如： The first is bigger than the second. 第一个比第二个大。 主语 Give me the first. 把第一个给我。 宾语 She’s often the first to go to school. 她经常第一个去上学。 表语 We’re going to learn the eighth lesson. 我们将要学习第八课。 定语 （四）六、年、月、日和时间的表达法 1．年份用基数词表达，分两位一读，年份前用介词in。 例如： 1999 nineteen ninety-nine 2000 two thousand 2001 two thousand and one 2．月份的第一个字母要大写，有些月份名称有缩写形式。 例如： 一月January(Jan.), 二月February(Feb.), 三月March(Mar.), 四月（Apr.）,五月May, 六月June, 七月July, 八月August(Aug.)，九月September(Sep.), 十月October(Oct.), 十一月November(Nov.), 十二月December(Dec.)。 3．日期的表达要用序数词，读时前面要加定冠词the,介词要使用on。 例如： 在6月1日：on June 1 st 读作：on June the first. 年、月、日同时表达时，一般应先写月、日、后写年。 例如： 在2001年5月4日：on May 4 th, 2001。 4．年代用基数词的复数表示。 例如： 20世纪90年代：nineteen nineties 21世纪20年代：twenty twenties 5．时间表达法：时间可用顺读法或倒读法两种方式表达。 例如： 顺读法倒读法 5：00 five (o’clock) 6：18 six eighteen = eighteen past six 12：15 twelve fifteen = fifteen (a quarter) past twelve 4：30 four thirty = half past four 5：50 five fifty = ten to six 6：45 six forty-five = a quarter to seven 注意： 1）表示整点时间，直接用基数词表达，后边可接o’clock (也可不加)。表达“几点几分”时，绝不能用o’clock。 2）表达“15分”或“45分”时，常用quarter（刻）。 3）在倒读法中，如果钟点不过半，须用“分钟数+past+钟点数”的形式；如果钟点过半，则用“差多少分钟数+to+全钟点（下个钟点数）”的形式。 例如： 8:20 twenty past eight 8:40 twenty to nine 6.分数 分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子大于1时，分母用复数 1/2 one half or a half 1/4 one fourth or a quarter 4/5 four fifths 6 5/9 six and five ninths 三、随堂监测A组I. 写出下列基数词相应的序数词： 1. one __________ 2. two _________ 3. three _________ 4. five ________ 5. eight __________ 6. nine _________ 7. twelve _________ 8. twenty __________ 9. thirty-one __________ 10. forty-four ___________ 11. fifty-seven ____________ II. 把下列短语译成英语： 1. 第12课________________________ 2. 304号房间 _______________________ 3. 半小时 ________________________ 4. 每日三次 _______________________ 5. 第25页_______________________ 6. 20世纪90年代 ___________________ 7. 4路公共汽车 _____________________ 8. 第15中学 _____________________ 9. 21世纪 _________________________ 10. 两吨半 ______________________ 11. 差一刻三点 _____________________ 12. 第二册 ________________________ 13. 在他五十几岁时 ___________________ 14. 二年级八班 ____________________ 15. 10:45 _____________________________ 16. 第十五单元 ____________________ 17. 第三册第十三课 _______________________ 18. 三分之一 __________________ 19. 三百英镑 _________________________ 20. 1994年3月22日__________________ 四、随堂监测B组 III. 选择填空： 1. 333 reads ___________. A. three hundred and thirty three B. three hundreds and thirty-three C. three hundred and thirty-three D. three hundred thirty-three 2. The _______ month of the year is February. A. one B. first C. two D. second 3. The beautiful skirts are on show in the shop, Jane likes _______. A. the ninth B. the nineth C. nine D. ninth 4. It took me _______ to finish my homework. A. a half and two hour B. two hour and a half C. two and a half hour D. two and a half hours 5. December is the _______ month of the year. A. twelve B. twelveth C. twelvieth D. twelfth 6. Tom bought ______ for himself yesterday. A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe C. two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoes 7. There are _______ seconds in a minute. A. fourty B. forty C. sixteen D. sixty 8. Lin Tao gets up at ______ in the morning. A. half past six B. six past half C. past half six D. half six past 9. December ______ is Christmas. A. twenty-five B. the twenty-fifth C. the twentieth-five D. twentieth-fifth 10. There are _____ stars in the universe. A. millions B. million of C. millions of D. million 11. Monday is the _______ day of the week. A. two B. second C. three D. third 12. Mr. Black left here _____ ago. A. half a hour B. half an hour C. an half hour D. a half hours 13. There are _____ students in their school. A. nine hundred B. nine hundreds C. nine hundred of D. nine hundreds of 14. There are _____ words in the text of the _____ Lesson. A. hundred of, fifth B. a hundred of, fiveth C. hundreds of, fifth D. hundreds of, fiveth 15. We had learned about _____ English words by the end of last term. A. nine hundreds and forty-five B. nine hundreds of and forty-five C. nine hundred and forty-five D. nine hundred and fourty-five IV. 中考题集： 1. About ______ people are in the People’s Park at weekends. A. two hundreds B. two hundreds of C. two hundred D. hundred of 2. The water behind the Three Gorges Dam (三峡大坝) should be _____higher than downstream (下游). A. sixty-five meter B. sixty-fifth meter C. sixty-five meters D. sixty-fifth meters 3. In our school several _____ students are able to search the Internet for useful information now. A. hundred of B. hundreds for C. hundred D. hundreds 4. I was 8 years old when my father was 31. this year my father is twice my age. How old am I? A. 21 B. 22 C. 23 D. 24 5. When was the PRC founded? It was founded on _______. A. July 1, 1921 B. October 1, 1949 C. August 1, 1927 D. May 1, 1922 6. Look at the menu: SNACKS Hamburger $ 2.60 Orange juice $1.20 Hot dog $2.15 Coffee $1.00 Ice cream $2.00 Coke regular $0.75 Popcorn $1.00 large $1.00 Jeff wants to buy a hamburger, a large coke and ice cream. How much will he pay? A. Five dollars and sixty cents. B. Five dollars and thirty-five cents. C. Three dollars and sixty cents. D. Two dollars. 7. --- How many workers are there in your factory? --- There are two _______. A. hundreds B. hundred C. hundred of D. hundreds of 8. The film star is going to spend ______ dollars on a new dress for the coming party. A. three thousands B. thousands of C. thousand of D. three thousands of 9. There are ______ doctors and nurses working hard in that hospital. A. thousand B. two thousand C. two thousands D. two thousands of 10. --- How many teachers are there in your school? --- ________, but I’m not sure. A. Hundreds B. Hundred C. Hundreds of D. One hundred 11. I think ______ lesson is the most difficult in this book. A. five B. fifth C. the fifth D. fifteen 1. _______ travelers come to visit our city every year. A. Hundred of B. Hundreds of C. Five hundreds D. Hundred 2. The Games of ______ Olympiad in 2008 will be held in the city of Beijing. A. 29 B. the 29 C. 29th D. the 29th 3. Fan Zhiyi’s transfer to Dundee Football Club at the end of last year aroused ______ Chinese people’s interest. A. thousand of B. thousand C. thousands of D. thousands 4. About ______ films were shown during the 5th Shanghai International Film Festival. A. two hundred of B. two hundreds of C. two hundred D. two hundreds 5. --- Do you have enough men to carry these chairs? --- No. I think we need ______ men. A. another B. two others C. more two D. two more 6. --- Can you write the number eighty-five thousand, six hundred and twenty-six? --- Yes, it is _____________. A. 85662 B. 85626 C. 58662 D. 58626 7. There’re ______ students in our grade. A. hundreds of B. three hundreds of C. three hundreds D. three hundreds’ 8. ______ of the workers in this factory is about two hundred, _______ of them are women workers. A. The number, first third B. The number, one third C. A number, half D. A number, three quarters 9. _______ Germans come to visit China every year. A. Thousands of B. Thousands C. Thousand of D. Two thousands
五、形容词(adj．) 表示人和事物的特征，对名词起修饰和描绘作用 副词(adv．) 表示动作特征或性状，主要修饰动词、形容词、副词及整个句子 1. 形容词的用法 (1) 形容词在句中作定语, 表语, 宾语补足语。 例如： Our country is a beautiful country. （作定语） The fish went bad. （作表语） We keep our classroom clean and tidy. （作宾语补足语） (2) 形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时,形容词放在不定代词后面。 I have something important to tell you. Is there anything interesting in the film. (3) 用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。 Everybody, man and woman, old and young, should attend the meeting. You can take any box away, big or small. (4) the＋形容词表示一类人或物 The rich should help the poor. 2. 副词的用法 (1) 副词在句中可作状语,表语和定语。 He studies veryhard. （作状语） Life hereis full of joy. （作定语） When will you beback? （作表语） 副词按其用途和含义可分为下面五类： 1)时间副词 时间副词通常用来表示动作的时间。常见的时间副词有：now today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, late, early, never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always等。例如： He often comes to school late. What are we going to do tomorrow? He has never been to Beijing. 2)地点副词 地点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的地点副词有：here, there, inside, outside, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up, off, on, in, out等。例如： I met an old friend of mine on my way home. He went upstairs. Put down your name here. 3)方式副词 方式副词一般都是回答“怎样的？”这类问题的，其中绝大部分都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly构成的, 有少数方式副词不带词尾-ly, 它们与形容词同形。常见的方式副词有：anxiously, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, proudly, rapidly, suddenly, successfully, angrily, happily, slowly, warmly, well, fast, slow, quick, hard, alone, high, straight, wide等。例如： The old man walked home slowly. Please listen to the teacher carefully. The birds are flying high. He runs very fast. 4)程度副词 程度副词多数用来修饰形容词和副词，有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。常见的程度副词有：much, (a) little, a bit, very, so, too, enough, quite, rather, pretty, greatly, completely, nearly, almost, deeply, hardly, partly等。例如： Her pronunciation is very good. She sings quite well. I can hardly agree with you. 5)疑问副词是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词。常见的疑问副词有：how, when, where, why等。例如： How are you getting along with your studies? Where were you yesterday? Why did you do that? (2)副词在句中的位置 1)多数副词作状语时放在动词之后。如果动词带有宾语，则放在宾语之后。例如： Mr Smith works very hard. She speaks English well. 2)频度副词作状语时，通常放在行为动词之前，情态动词，助动词和be动词之后。例如： He usually gets up early. I’ve never heard him singing. She is seldom ill. 3)程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词的前面, 但enough作副词用时，通常放在被修饰词的后面。例： It is a rather difficult job. He runs very fast. He didn’t work hard enough. 4)副词作定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词之后。例如： On my way home, I met my uncle. The students there have a lot time to do their own research work. (3)部分常用副词的用法 1) very, much 这两个副词都可表示“很”，但用法不同。Very用来修饰形容词和副词的原级，而much用来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。例如： She is a very nice girl I’m feeling much better now. Much可以修饰动词，而very则不能。例如： I don’t like the idea much. They did not talk much. 2) too, either 这两个副词都表示“也”，但too用于肯定句，either用于否定句。例如： She can dance, and I can dance, too. I haven’t read the book and my brother hasn’t either. 3) already, yet already一般用于语肯定句，yet一般用于否定句。例如： He has already left. Have you heard from him yet? He hasn’t answered yet. 4) so, neither so和neither都可用于倒装句， 但so表示肯定，neither表示否定。 例如： My brother likes football and so do I. My brother doesn’t like dancing and neither do I. 3.形容词、副词都有三个等级： 1、一般构成规律：
2、常见的不规则变化：
4．形容词和副词比较级、最高级的用法 原级的用法： ①肯定句型： as + 形容词（副词）原级 + as … 意思是 “与……一样” The boy is as clever as his brother. 这个男孩和他的哥哥一样聪明。 Lucy writes as carefully as Lily. 露茜写得和莉莉一样认真。 ②否定句型： not so/as + 形容词（副词）原级+as… 意思是“不如……“ Monkeys are not as strong as elephants. 猴子不如大象强壮。 He is not so good a man as you. 他没有你好。 比较级的用法： 1、比较级+than Peter is wiser than Sam.彼得比山姆聪明。 The car is more beautiful than that one. 这来辆车比那一辆漂亮。 2、形容词比较级前可用much, even, still, any, far, four times, a little等修饰。 Peter is much wiser than Sam.彼得比山姆聪明的多。 The room is a little brighter than that one. 这间房子比那间稍微亮一点。 3、比较级+and+比较级 意思是“越来越…...” 4、The+比较级，the+比较级 意思是“越…...就越…...” The harder you study, the faster you make progress. 你学习越努力，进步就越快。 5、比较级+than any other+单数名词. 意思是“比其它的任何一个……都更……”（这种情况其实是用比较级的形式表达最高级的意思。） He is more stupid than any other student in his class. 在他班里他比其它任何学生都更愚蠢。 She is taller than any other girls in the team. 她比队里的其余任何一个女孩都要高。 最高级的用法： 1、有范围修饰的用最高级，如:in, of, among或用从句修饰的句子中。 This is the most expensive of all the watches.在所有这些表中这块最贵。 In my family, mother is the busiest. 2、序数词+最高级+名词 表示“第几个最……的” The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国的第二大河流。 The park is the third largest one in Beijing.这个公园是北京第三大公园。 3、one of the+最高级+复数名词 表示“是最……之一” America is one of the richest countries in the world.美国是世界上最富有的国家之一。 One of the most beautiful places in Beijing is the Summer Palace. 北京最美丽的地方之一是颐和园。 4、形容词最高级前一定要用the，而副词最高级前可省略。 The elephant is the heaviest in the zoo.大象是这个动物园里最重的动物。 She came (the) earliest of all the students.所有学生中她来得最早。
形、副比较等级还应注意 1.比较级前用a little ; much / a lot ; even / still来加强语气，表示“……一点儿；……得多； 更……” eg. 1) a little bigger 大一点儿 2)much more 多得多 3)even heavier更重 但注意：不能在比较级前加so; too; very; quite等。 2.比较级必须是同类事物相比（即as; than后的词应与主语是同类事物），注意常用漏的代词有：that; those; one; ones eg. 1)The apples (A) in this basket (B) are redder (C) than in that basket(D). _________ 2)This knife (A) isn’t(B) so (C) new as that(D). _______________ 3)Our classroom (A) is(B) bigger (C) than Lily(D). _______________ 3.个体与整体相比，不能包括个体，常用“any other + 单数名词”来进行比较。 eg.1）Betty(是个体) is cleverer than any student in her class(是整体). ( × ) 正：Betty is cleverer than any other student in her class. =Betty is cleverer than anybody else in her class. =Betty is the cleverest in her class. (特别注意以上三种句型的转换) 2)China is bigger than any country in Africa. 中国比非洲的任何一个国家都大。 3) China is bigger than any other country in Asia. 中国比亚洲的任何一个其他国家大。 *4.使用最高级时应把主语包括在范围内。 eg. Mary is the tallest of all her sisters.(× ) (all her sisters已排除了Mary) 改：Mary is the tallest of all the sisters. 5.表示“第二、第三……”时，可在最高级前加“second , third, …”（但“第一”不能用first） eg. The Changjiang River is the first longest river in China. 改错：________________
一. 单项填空 1．There are many young trees on sides of the road. A. every B. each C. both D. all 2．--- It’s so cold today. --- Yes, it’s than it was yesterday. A. more cold B. more colder C. much colder D. cold 3．Little Tom has friends, so he often plays alone. A. more B. a little C. many D. few 4．She isn’t so at maths as you are. A. well B. good C. better D. best 5．Peter writes of the three. A. better B. best C. good D. well 6．He is enough to carry the heavy box. A. stronger B. much stronger C. strong D. the strongest 7．I bought exercise-books with money. A. a few; a few B. a few; a little C. a little; a few D. a little; a little 8．The box is heavy for the girl carry. A. too; to B. to; too C. so; that D. no; to 9．The ice in the lake is about one meter . It’s strong enough to skate on. A. long B. high C. thick D. wide 10．Wu Lin ran faster than the other boys in the sports meeting. A. so B. much C. very D. too 11. Jone looks so _______ today because she has got an “A” in her maths test. A. happy B. happily C. angry D. angrily 12. The smile on my father’s face showed that he was ______ with me. A. sad B. pleased C. angry D. sorry 13. ---Mum, could you buy me a dress like this? ---Certainly, we can buy ______ one than this, but ______ this. A. a better; better than B. a worse; as good as C. a cheaper; as good as D. a more important; good as 14. ---This digital camera is really cheap! ---The ______ the better. I’m short of money, you see. A. cheap B. cheaper C. expensive D. more expensive 15. If you want to learn English well, you must use it as _______ as possible. A. often B. long C. hard D. soon 16. Paul has ______ friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely. A. many B. some C. few D. more 17. English people _____ use Mr. Before a man’s first name. A. never B. usually C. often D. sometimes 18. ---One more satellite was sent up into space in China in May. ---Right. The government spoke ______ that. A. highly for B. high of C. well of D. highly of 19. ---Remember this, children. ______ careful you are, ______ mistakes you will make. ---We know, Miss Gao. A. The more; the more B. The fewer; the more C. The more; the fewer D. The less; the less 20. I have ________ to do today. A. anything important B. something important C. important nothing D. important something 二. 用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. My purse was stolen on the bus yesterday. __________ (Fortunate), there was no money in it. 2. Mobile phones are _________ (wide) used in most of the cities in China. 3. He put on his coat and went out ________ (quick). 4. She is ______ (good) than Li Ping at swimming. 5. A lot Chinese people are _______ (pride) of Yao Ming, a famous basketball star in NBA. 6. To our surprise, he suddenly returned on a cold ______ (snow) night. 7. Allie asked me ______ (polite) to put the things away. 8. It’s snowing hard. You must drive ________(careful). 9. The earth we live on is _______ (big) than the moon. 10. Hainan is a very large island. It’s the second ________ (large) island in China.
介词 1.in; on; at用在时间词前，表“在” 1)at + 具体时刻 2)on + 具体某天（具体某天的上、下午等；星期词；以及上、下午词前有修饰词时） 3)in + 年、月、季节及一天中的某部分 但注意：at night= in the night at noon at this / that time at Christmas eg. 1.___ the morning 2.___ Monday morning 3. ___ a rainy evening 4. ___3:50 5.__ 2002 6.___ the morning of April 10 7.___ spring 8.___ night 9.___ this time 10. ___ March 另外注意：在时间词（morning , afternoon , evening ; Sunday…）前有last, next , this , that时，不再用介词. tomorrow, tonight前也不用介词。 eg. I will go(A) to the cinema(B)in(C) this evening. ______________ 2. in , on , at 表地点： at一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某个范围之内；on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如： eg. 1)He arrived ___Shanghai yesterday. 2)They arrived ___a small village before dark. 3)There is a big hole ____ the wall. 4)The teacher put up a picture ____ the wall. 3.in , on , to表方位 in(范围内)；on(范围外且接壤)；to(范围外但不接壤)。可表示为下图的位置关系
eg.1)Taiwan is in the southeast of China. 2)Hubei is on the north of Hunan. 3)Japan is to the east of China.
through: （内部）穿过，贯穿 介词 eg. 1)Can you swim _____ the river? 2)The road runs __________ the forest. 3) _____ the bridge, you’ll find a cinema.
after + 时间段：与过去时连用 但after + 时间点：可与将来时连用。 1) I’ll leave _______ three o’clock.. That is, I’ll leave ________ about ten minutes. 2)They left _______ two weeks.
on the tree(树上自身具有的花、果、叶等)
7. on the wall(墙表面的事物) 1) There is a map ___ the wall 2) There are four windows ___ the wall. 8.by bike / bus / car / ship (单数且无冠词) 但当这些交通工具名词前有其它修饰词时，则应使用相应的介词。 eg. by bike = on a(the; his) bike by car = in a(the ; her) car
above: 在…的斜上方 未接触 1) The moon rose ______ the hill. 2) There is a bridge _____ the river. 3) There is a book ______ the desk.
among :在（三者以上）之间 1)A big crowd of people were waiting for Li Lida on the beach. ________ them were his parents. 2)Tom sits ________Lucy and Lily. 11.on与about : 关于
about用于非正式的谈话或随便提及 eg. He gave a talk ____ the history of the Party
in / at the front of:在……前部（范围内） 1)There is a big tree _______ of the classroom. 2)A driver drives _________ of the bus. 类似区别：at the back of与behind 13.with和in: 表示“用“
in: 指“用语言、话语、声音等” 1) Please write the letter ____ a pen. 2) Please speak ____ a loud voice. 14. on a farm ; in a factory ; the girl in the hat ; leave for: 动身前往某地 15.一些固定搭配： （1）介词与动词的搭配 listen to , laugh at, get to, look for; wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off, worry about, think of, look after, spend…on…, 等。 （2）介词与名词的搭配 on time, in time, by bus, on foot, with pleasure, on one’s way to, in trouble, at breakfast, at the end of, in the end等。 （3）介词与形容词的搭配 be late for, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be angry with, be full of, be sorry for等。
一、语法选择 1、____ weekends, we get up at 9:00. A. At B. On C. In 2、We see a comedy ______ Thursday morning. A. in B. at C. on 3、What do you do ____ weekends? A. in B. on C. for 4、We eat dinner _____ the evenning. A. in B. at C. on 5、We have science from 10:00 ____ 11:00. A. at B. to C. and 6、I play sports ____ two hours every day. A. for B. at C.after 7、--_____ do you get up every day? --_____ six o'clock. A. What time, on B. When, in C. What time, at 8、We'll deliver your pizza _______. A. for half a hour B. in half an hour C. at half an hour 9、We don't go to school ____ Sundays. A. on B. at C. in 10、--How long are you staying in Hong Kong? --____ just the weekend. A. In B. During C. for 11、I hope you _____ to my party ____ next Sunday. A. to come, / B. will come, on C. will come, / 12、What did you do _____ your last trip? A. on B. of C. in 13、Halloween is ______ October 31 every year. A. on B. in C. at 14、All the students will have a party ____ the afternoon of January 1. A. in B. on C. at 15、Are you going camping ___ Tuesday? A. on B. in C. at 16、What do you like to do ____ vacation? A. on B. in C. at 17、____ weekends, when do you get up? A. In B. On C. For 18、I was born ____ the morning of March 18 th, 199l. A. In B. On C. Of 19、I'm going to the doctor ________ Tuesday afternoon. A. on B. in C. at 20、 -How soon will he come back? -______ two days. A. Before B. after C. in D. for 21、My father will be back from Beijing ___ a week. A. in B. for C. after D. later 22、Everyone went to the Great Wall ___ me. A. beside B. besides C. except D.no 23、There are some similarties ________ Pedro and Paul. A. among B. between C. in 24、 Mr Brown's daughter likes to read the same books ______ he does. A. like B. with C. as 25、I can't visit next week. I have to study _______ my science test. A. at B. for C. to 26、Other parts of the world are different ____ the United States. A. in B. from C. for 27、How do the students ____ the world get to school? A. on B. around C. about 28、In North America, most students go to school ____ the school bus. A. on B. by C. in 29、Is the bus station far _____ your home? A. from B. to C. of 30、--How do you usually come to school? -- ____ car. A. By B. By a C. In 31、What's the matter ____ her? A. at B. of C. with 32、Is Katrina's life the same ____ yours? A. as B. to C. with 33、Don't read in bed. It's bad ___ your eyes. A. for B.of C. with 34、My friend Emma lokes helping others _____ English. A. learning B. on C. with 35、Japan is _____ the east of Asia and ____ the north of Australia. A. in, to B. to, to C. in, on 36、Taiwan is ____ the south of China. A. to B. in C. on 37、Animals can't live ______ air. A. with B. no C. without 38、Jack want to be a scientist _____ the future. A. in B. on C. for 39、____ the end of the day, they were all tired. A.on B. in C. at 40、London is famous _____ the fog. A. on B. in C. for 41、There are many actors ______ the aquarium. A. on B. in C. at 42、Tha children all over the world are the same _____ many ways. A. in B. on C. from 43、The lake is different ___ the river. A. in B. from C. with 44、Let's go there _____ our bikes. A. in B. by C. on 45、Patrick can not only speak _____ Chinese, but also sing _____ Chinese. A. in, in B. in, / C. /, in 46、"Please wait _____ the bus stop until I come back." The mother told the children. A. for B. in C. at 47、There are a few differences ____ English names and Chinese names. A. from B. between C. in 48、Here is the weather report ____ the next twenty-four hours. A. of B. for C. in 49、What's the matter ____ him? A. for B. to C. with 50、My parents often take me to the park ____ holidays. A. at B. on C. to 51、Tom asks for _______. A. two large pizza B. three small hamburger C. four medium pizzas 52、What would you like _____ your pizza? A. on B. to C. for 53、I'd like a pizza _____ mushrooms and pepperoni. A. has B. with C. in 54、My friend Lucy sits next _____ me. A. in B. on C. to 55、The pay phone is ____ the hotel. A. cross from B. across from C. far 56、She is sitting _____ me. A. in the front of B. in front of C. in the middle of 57、It's 2 kilometers ______ here. A. away B. away from C. near 58、Our supermarket is next to the post office _____ the right. A. on B. in C. to 59、The post office is _____ the school ____ the hotel. A. between, or B. between, and C. behind, before 60、The post office is across ____ the hotel. A. from B. to C. in 61、There is a house _____ a garden between the park and the hotel. A. have B. with C. next to 62、Is there a pay phone ____ this neighborhood? A. on B. in C. between 63、The school is ____ the park. A. next B. from C. next to 64、I like rice and Cola _____ lunch. A. in B. of C. for 65、The window is ____ the wall and the pichure is ____ the wall. A. on, on B. in, in C. in, on 66、Please look at the photo ____ the family. A. of B. for C. on 67、_____ breakfast, he likes eggs, milk and apples. A. For B. At C. In 68、Do you want to join the art club? Please call Mary _____ 75-3234. A. for B. with C at 69、Are you good ____ children? A. at B. with C. in 70、look, there is a pencil case _____ the floor. A. in B. on C. at 71、The teacher is talking ____ the new student. A. with B. on C. for 72、Please write ____ me soon. A. with B. in C. to
六、连词: 从属连词和并列连词 （一）从属连词：用于连接各种从句的连词 （二）并列连词： 并列连词用来连接具有并列关系的词，短语或句子。常见的并列连词有： 1.表并列关系的and, both…and, not only…but also, neither…nor等。 2. 表选择关系的or, either…or等。 3. 表转折关系的but, while（然而）等。 4.表因果关系的for, so等。
or: “和”在否定句中表并列 另外：1)or “或者”用于选择疑问句 2)or “否则” eg. ①.Which do you like better, tea or milk? ②.Hurry up, or you’ll be late for school. 6.but “但是”表转折 eg. I listened, but I heard nothing. 注意：1)though(虽然), but(但是)不能连用 2)not … but 不是…而是 eg. This book isn’t mine but yours.
7. either…or: 或者…或者 语后者决 not only … but also:不但…而且 定单、复 eg.1)Both he and I are students. 2)Neither he nor I am a student. 练 习 ( )1.___ the afternoon of May, we visited the old man. A. On B. At C. In ( )2.Many people work ___ the day and sleep ___ night. A. on ; at B. in ; in C. in ; at ( )3.He speaks Japanese best ____ the boy students. A. between B. with C. among ( )4.A wolf ___ a sheep skin is our dangerous enemy. A. with B. in C. on ( )5.Joan hopes to come back ___ three days. A. after B. for C. in ( )6.They sent the letter to me ___ mistake. A. by B. for C. with ( )7.He left home ___ a cold winter evening. A. at B. on C. in ( )8.Shanghai is ____ the east of China. A. in B. on C. to ( )9.____ my father’s help, I have finished my composition. A. Under B. On C. with ( )10.He’s very strict ____ himself and he’s very strict ___ his work. A. with ; in B. in ; with C. with ; with ( )11.I really can’t agree ____ you. A. to B. on C. with ( )12.The shop won’t open ___ nine in the morning. A. until B. at C. during ( )13.How about ___ the flowers now? A. watering B. are watering C. watered ( )14.She spent all his money ___ books. A. in B. with C. on ( )15.They are talking ___ low voices. A. with B. in C. on ( )16.It’s very kind ___ you to help us. A. for B. to C. of ( )17.What will you have ___ breakfast this morning? A. with B. for C. by ( )18.A plane is flying ____ the city. A. on B. over C. above ( )19.You are free to speak ___ the meeting. A. at B. in C. on ( )20.Mr. Green will stay in China___ Friday. A. to B. on C. till ( )21.It’s wrong to play tricks ___ other people. A. on B. of C. with ( )22.Which color do you like? I prefer blue ___ red. A. for B. as C. to ( )23.The student will give us a talk ___ how to use our spare time. A. for B. on C. in ( )24.I paid two hundred yuan ___ that kind of bicycle. A. in B. for C. on ( )25.The doctor is very kind ___ his patients A. to B. on C. at ( )26.We can’t live ___ air. A. in B. with C. without ( )27.The child was afraid ___ the strange sound. A. at B. for C. of ( )28.He was very angry ___ her for being late. A. for B. with C. at ( )29.What do you think ___ the play? A. about B. like C. of ( )30.I think it’s the right way to work out the problem, but I am not sure _____ it. A. do B. for C. of ( )31.Reading ___ the sun isn’t good ___ you A. under ; for B. in ; for C. in ; to ( )32.I won’t ask about it, I’m going to see it ____ my own eyes. A. by B. for C. with ( )33.We go to school every day ____ Sunday. A. except B. without C. on ( )34.There is a small river ___ the two towns A. in B. between C. among ( )35.Li Lei sometimes falls asleep ___ the lesson. A. for B. through C. during ( )36.Mr. Black went to Paris ___ a few days. A. for B. in C. after ( )37.They will leave ________ London next month. A. to B. from C. for ( )38.Are you going to the zoo ___ bus or ___ my car? A. on ; by B. by ; in C. on ; in ( )39.He woke up several times ___ the night A. in B. at C. on ( )40.No one can stop her ___ going away. A. of B. from C. out of ( )41.What do you mean ___ “bao zhi”? A. on B. with C. by ( )42.You’ll get a nice present ____ your parents____ your birthday. A. from ; on B. for ; at C. frm ; in ( )43.Light comes in ____ the window. A. from B. across C. through ( )44.There are many apples ___ the tree. A bird ___ the tree is picking an apple. A. in ; on B. on ; in C. in ; at ( )45. “Who are you going to play ____?” “Grade Two.” A. about B. by C. against ( )46. Don’t go ___ the street. The bus is coming. A. cross B. across C. past ( )47.He lives ___ the twentieth floor ___ No. 154 Zhongshan Street. A. on ; at B. in ; in C. on ; in ( )48.He found a piece of useful information ___ the Internet. A. at B. on C. in ( )49.___ my surprise, he lost the game. A. With B. To C. On ( )50.The blind man knows the money ___ touching and feeling it. A. with B. by C. through ( )51. We traveled overnight to Paris and arrived _______ 5 o’clock ______ the morning. A. on; in B. at; in C. at; on D. in; on ( )52. Where’s Lily? We are all here _______ her. A. beside B. about C. except D. with ( )53. She sent her friend a postcard _______ a birthday present. A. on B. as C. for D. of ( )54. Jack has studied Chinese in this school _______ the year of 2000. A. since B. in C. on D. by ( )55. ---What is a writing brush, do you know? ---It’s _______ writing and drawing. A. with B. to C. for D. by ( )56. English is widely used ______ travellers and business people all over the world. A. to B. for C. as D. by ( )57. ______ the help of my teacher, I caught up with the other students. A. Under B. In C. With D. On ( )58. Hong Kong is ______ the south of China, and Macao is ______ the west of Hong Kong. A. in; to B. to; to C. to; in D. in; in ( )59. ---You’d better not go out now. It’s raining. ---It doesn’t matter. My new coat can keep ______ rain. A. in B. of C. with D. off ( )60. Japan lies ______ the east of China. A. to B. in C. about D. at ( )61. ---Will the foreigners have any problems talking with Chinese in 2008? ---I don’t think so. Now ______ the young ______ the old can speak some English. A. either…or B. not only… but also C. neither…nor D. both…or ( )62. We didn’t catch the train _______ we left late. A. so B. because C. but D. though ( )63. Tom failed in the exam again _______ he wanted to pass it very much. A. if B. so C. though D. as ( )64. I won’t believe that the five-year-old boy can read five thousand words ______ I have tested him myself. A. after B. when C. if D. until ( )65. The book was so interesting that he had read it for three hours ______ he realized it. A. when B. until C. after D. before ( )66. ---This dress was last year’s style. ---I think it still looks perfect ______ it has gone out this year. A. so that B. even though C. as if D. ever since ( )67. Hurry up, _______ you will miss the train. A. and B. so C. however D. or ( )68. The mountain was ______ steep _____ few people in our city reached the top. A. so…as B. so…that C. as…as D. too…to ( )69. ---Do you remember our pleasant journey to Xi’an? ---Of course. I remember everything ______ it happened yesterday. A. as soon as B. even though C. rather than D. as if ( )70. ______ you can’t answer this question, we have to ask someone else for help. A. Although B. While C. Whether D. Since
动词 重点知识归纳及讲解 一、概述 动词是表示动作或状态的词。句子中的谓语成分是由动词充当的，谓语通常是句中不可缺少的成分，因此动词是英语词类中最重要的一种。动词可以通过本身的变化来表示动作发生的时间以及说话人的语气、态度等。 1．动词的种类 动词按其词义和在句中的作用可以分为：行为动词（或称实义动词）、连系动词、助动词和情态动词。详见下表：
注意： 1）行为动词又可分为及物动词（vt.）和不及物动词（vi.）两种。及物动词作谓语，后面必须跟宾语意思才完整。不及物动词作谓语，后面不能跟宾语，只有加上介词后才可接宾语。 2）英语中有些动词常常是既作及物动词又作不及物动词；既作连系动词又作及物动词。 例如： He speaks English very well. (vt.) 他英语讲得好。 He spoke at the meeting. （vi.） 另外，动词按其在句中能否作谓语，又可分为谓语动词（finite verb）和非谓语动词（non-finite verb）两大类。 说明： 谓语动词又称限定动词，非谓语动词又称非限定动词。 非谓语动词初中阶段主要学习动词不定式的用法。 2．动词的基本形式 英语动词有五种基本形式，即动词原形、过去式、过去分词、现在分词和第三人称单数形式。如：work—worked—worked—working—works。它们的构成及形式详见下表。
说明： 1）词尾-ed在清辅音后读[t]；在浊辅音和元音后读[d]；在[t]和[d]后读[id]。 2）词尾-es或-s在[s ]、[z]、[t ]、[d ]后面读[iz]；在清辅音后读[s]；在浊辅音及元音后读[z]；在[t]，[d]后读[ts]、[dz]。 3）不规则动词的过去式与过去分词则要根据不规则动词表逐渐记住。 二、动词的时态 在英语中，由于谓语动作发生的时间不同，或表达不同时间存在的状态，谓语动词都要发生相应的变化。这些动词的变化形式就叫做动词的时态。 初中阶段主要学习，掌握以下八种时态。 其结构为： 1）主语为第一，二人称及第三人称复数时 肯定句 主语+动词原形+其它。 否定句 主语+don't+动词原形+其它。 一般疑问句 Do +主语+动词原形+其它？ 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+do+主语+动词原形+其它？ 2）主语为第三人称单数时 肯定句 主语+动词第三人称单数 +其它。 否定句 主语+doesn't+动词原形+其它。 一般疑问句 Does+主语+动词原形+其它？ 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+does+主语+动词原形+其它？ 其作用为：1. 表示习惯性，经常性的动作； 2. 表示现在的状态与特征； 3. 表示普遍真理 其常用时间状语为often，always，usually，sometimes，everyday(week，year...), in the morning（afternoon，evening）等。 Ex . 1. _______ she _______ (go)to the library every Sunday? 2.They often _______(swim)in summer. 3.______(be)everyone here? 4.The earth______(travel) round the sun. 其结构为： 肯定句 主语+动词过去式+其它。 否定句 主语+didn't+动词原形+其它。 一般疑问句 Did+主语+动词原形+其它？ 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它？ 其作用为：表示过去的情况或过去习惯性动作 其常用时间状语为 yesterday，the day before yesterday，...ago，last...及其它表过去的时间，如in 1998 等. Ex. 1.I_____the number down on a piece of paper a moment ago. A write B writed C wrote D writing 2.Everything______ready before Father came. A were B was C is D are 3.He always _______me last term. A helped B helps C helping D help 其结构为： 肯定句 主语+will+动词原形+其它。 否定句 主语+won't+动词原形+其它。 一般疑问句 Will+主语+动词原形+其它？ 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+will+主语+动词原形+其它？ 当主语是第一人称时，助动词可为 shall.且若为疑问句只能为shall. 其作用为:表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态. 也可用 主语+am，is，are＋going to do+动词原形+其它来表示计划，打算或决定要做的事情。 对于很快就会发生的事，还可用进行时态表将来，但常局限于有位置移动色彩的动词，如go，come，leave等。 其常用时间状语为 tomorrow，the day after tomorrow，next...，in+时间段及其它表将来的时间，如in 2010 等. Ex. 1.Hurry up，or you_______(be)late. 2.What_____you________(do)tomorrow? 3.They_______(have) 6 subjects next term. 4.I think it________ again later in the day . A rains B will going to rain C is going to rain D will be rain 5.Where________this time next year? A will you be B will be you C you will be D will you going to be 其结构为: 肯定句 主语+ am，is，are+现在分词+其他. 否定句 主语+ am，is，are +not+现在分词+其他. 一般疑问句 Am，Is，Are+主语+现在分词+其他? 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+am，is，are+主语+现在分词+其他? 其作用为:表示说话当时正在发生的动作或现阶段正在进行的动作 其常用时间状语为 now，this week，these days 等,也可是置于句首的 Look，Listen. 现在进行时也可表示最近按计划安排将进行的动作,常会有一个表将来的时间状语。但仅限于少量词语，如go，come，leave，arrive等。 注：表态度,情感的动词和感官动词不能用于进行时态（like，know，want，hear等） Ex. 1.They are planting trees on the hill. （改为否定句）
2.Tom is writing a letter to his friend. (改为一般疑问句)
3.I am getting ready to run. (就划线部分提问)
五、过去进行时 其结构为: 肯定句 主语+was，were+现在分词+其他. 否定句 主语+was，were＋not＋现在分词+其他. 一般疑问句 Was，Were+主语+现在分词+其他? 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+was，were+主语+现在分词+其他? 其作用为：表示过去某个时刻或时段正在进行的动作。 其时间状语为：at this time＋过去时间 (at this time yesterday)，at that time， at＋具体时间点+过去时间（at 9:00 o'clock last night），from 具体时间点 to 具体时间点+过去时间(from 7:00 to 10:00 yesterday morning)。 过去进行时还可以与一般过去时搭配用于时间状语从句中。强调动作延续时用过去进行时，强调动作瞬间发生时用一般过去时。常用连词为when，while. Ex. 1.He __________(not work) at that time. 2.When the teacher_________(come)in，they_________(talk) loudly. 3.What______you_______(read) last night? 4.His mother ________(return)while he_______(do)his homework. 5.My father______(watch)TV while my mother_________(cook).
其结构为：肯定句 主语+ have，has +过去分词+其它。 否定句 主语+ have，has +not+过去分词+其它。 一般疑问句 Have，Has+主语+过去分词+其它? 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+ have，has+主语+过去分词+其它? 其作用与时间状语： 1）表示过去发生的动作影响到现在，常与 already, yet, ever, never, just, before 等副词连用。 2）表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，常与表一段时间的时间状语连用。如 for+时间段, since+过去时间，提问用How long. 此外，so far, in (during) the last (past)+时间段 也是该时态的时间状语。 现在完成时强调过去与现在的联系，而一般过去时只强调过去的动作，与现在无关。 在现在完成时的第二个作用中，必须使用持续性动词，故某些表瞬间的动词需要特定的转换形式。 如：die---have been dead open---have been open close---have been closed buy---have had borrow---have kept arrive (in，at),come(to)+ a place---have been in +a place，leave+ a place---have been away from+ a place join+团体---have been in+团体, have been a+团体成员等 Ex. 1 How long have you ______the book? A borrowed B kept C lent D bought 2.We _________each other since he ______. A didn't see，left B haven't seen，has left C haven't seen，left 3.____he______(wait) for you for an hour? 4.We________just______(have) our lunch. 5.So far, no man_________(visit) this village. 其结构为：be动词 肯定句 主语+would be+其它。 否定句 主语+would not be+其它。 一般疑问句 Would+主语+be+其它？ 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+would+主语+be+其它？ 实意动词 肯定句 主语+Would+动词原形+其它。 否定句 主语+wouldn't+动词原形+其它。 一般疑问句 Would+主语+动词原形+其它？ 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+would+主语+动词原形+其它？ 注：也可用 was，were＋going to do 的结构来表示。 其作用为:表示从过去某时看将要发生的事情.此时态常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句中。 Ex. 1.Linda told me that she________(go)to the park the next day. 2.We didn't know when he________(arrive)until he called us. 3.They asked if they ________(visit )the farm by bus. 八、过去完成时 其结构为：肯定句 主语+ had + 过去分词+其它。 否定句 主语+ had + not+过去分词+其它。 一般疑问句 Had+ 主语+ 过去分词+其它? 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+ had+ 主语+过去分词+其它? 其作用为：过去某时之前已发生的动作或情况，即过去的过去，与现在无关。 此时态常用于 1）以by，before+过去时间，时间段+before，the (week...)before为时间状语的简单句中。 2）主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中。 3）与一般过去时搭配，用于when，after，before引导的时间状语从句中 Ex. 1.We ____(be) there twice by the end of last year. 2.They_________(finish)the work before 1998. 3.He said he ________(see) the film the week before. 4.The sun________(rise) when he got up. 5.Yesterday,I ________(leave)the classroom after I ______(clean) it.
现在完成时中，关于终止性动词与持续性动词的要求，在过去完成时中，依然适用。 三、随堂监测A组单项选择： 1. Look! There _________ some apples in that tree. A. is B. was C. are D. were 2．We'll have to clean the plates before Mother _________ home. A. will come B. is coming C. come D. comes 3．—Will your mother _________ you if you _________ the English exam? —Of course not. Because I am trying my best. A. be angry with; don't pass B. be angry with; won't pass C. be angry to; don't pass D. be angry to; won't pass 4．I'm sorry you've missed the train, it _________ 10 minutes ago. A. left B. has left C. had left D. has been left 5. I don't think I _________ you in that dress before. A. have seen B. was seeing C. saw D. see 6. _________ you _________ to the radio? —No, you can turn it off. A. Did; listen B. Have; listened C. Do; listen D. Are; listening 7. —Where's Mr Lee? I have something unusual to tell him. —You _________ find him. He _________ Japan. A. may not; has gone to B. may not; has been to C. can't; has gone to D. can't; has been to 8. —I won't come to the party unless Sue _________, too. —You mean if Sue comes you'll come? A. will invite B. invites C. invited D. is invited 9. The world _________. Things never stay the same. A. changes B. is changing C. was changing D. will change 10. —Excuse me, does Mr Smith's son live here? —He _________ live here, but he has moved. A. has to B. used to C. tried to D. happened to 11. The children planted more threes and flowers after they _________ Greener China. A. joined B. took part in C. became D. were 12. —Where's Mr Zhang? —He _________ London. A. has been to B. has been C. has gone D. has gone to 13. —Do you know if he _________ to play basketball with us? —I think he will come if he _________ free tomorrow. A. comes; is B. comes; will be C. will come; is D. will come; will be 14. —May I speak to Mabel, please? —Sorry. She's _________ Pairs. A. gone in B. been in C. gone to D. been to 15. My pen friend Phillip _________ to see me from Australia. He will be here soon. A. comes B. came C. has come D. is coming 16. I won't go to the concert because I _________ my ticket. A. lost B. don't lose C. have lost D. is coming 17. —Do you know Jack well? —Certainly, we _________ friends since ten years ago. A. were B. have made C. have become D. have been 18. —Where is Jim? —He ______ to the shop. He'll back in an hour. A. goes B. go C. has gone D. will go 19. —Excuse me, look at the sign NO PHOTOS! —Sorry, I ________ it. A. don't see B. didn't see C. haven't seen D. won't see 20. Jim's father said to him, "I hope you ________ what I ________ you to buy." A. didn't forget; told B. not to forget; have told C. won't forget; have told D. haven't forgotten; will tell 21. I like my new bike. It ________ very well. A. rides B. is riding C. is ridden D. has ridden 22. A lot of trees ________ along the river last year. A. planted B. are planted C. were planted 23. These books ________ out of the reading room. You have to read them here. A. must be taken B. can't take C. can take D. mustn't be taken 24. — Whose CD player is this? —It's mine. It ________ me 800 yuan. A. took B. spent C. paid D. cost 25. —May I ________ you Chinese-English dictionary? —Sorry, I ________ it at home? A. borrow; forgot B. lend; left C. lend; forgot D. borrow; left 26. Can you ________ a little French? A. say B. talk C. speak D. tell 27. The internet ________ it easy go get much new information in a short time. A. finds B. makes C. feels D. takes 28. —Do you like the music The Moonlight Sonata? —Yes, it ________ really beautiful. A. feels B. sounds C. listens D. hears 29. Alice, we are going to spend our holiday in Canada，if you ________, we can go to China instead. A. hope B. wish C. prefer D. agree 30. —Hello! Would you like to go to the concert with me tonight? —I'm sorry I can't Mother won't ________ me to go out in the evening. A. let B. allow C. offer D. ask 31. It's too dark here. Please ________ the light. A. turn back B. turn down C. turn on D. turn off 32. After finishing your paper, look it over to ________ there are no mistakes. A. find out B. try out C. make sure D. think about 33. The baby is sleeping. Please ________ the radio a little. A. turn down B. turn up C. turn on D. turn off 34. —Look! The bus is coming. —But there are too many people. We can't ________ it. A. get off B. get down C. get on D. get up 35. Don't ________ your coat, Tom! It's easy to catch a cold in spring. A. take away B. take off C. take down D. take out 36. The trees must ________ three times a week. A. water B. is watering C. be watered D. waters
四、随堂监测B组II．用所给词的适当形式填空： 1 They ________ (visit) the museum last week. 2. Zhang Hong ________ (make) many friends since she came to Paris. 3. She ________ (go)to the cinema with her classmates tomorrow evening. 4. John is always busy. He ________ (sleep) only six hours very night. 5. Stay here; boy; don't go out. It ________ (rain) now. 6. She often ________ (do) her lessons after supper. 7. Hurry up! The train ________ (leave) in five minutes. 8. They ________ (arrive) in London on the night of April 30, 1989. 9. While we ________ (talk) in the room, the light suddenly went out 10. They ________ (learn) about 200 English words since this term. 11. The meeting ________ already ________ (start) when we got there. 12. He ________ (work) hard at English every day. 13. Put on your coat. The wind ________ (blow) hard outside now. 14. I ________ (not finish) my homework yet. 15. He ________ (must send) to the hospital at once. 16. By the end of last year we ________ (plant) 1,500 trees. 17. She ________ (play) the piano when I went to see her last night. 18. I'll tell him about i8t as soon as I ________ (see) him. 19. She isn't at home, she ________ (go) to Shanghai. 20. ________ you ________ (get) up early every morning this year? 21. The film ________ (be) on for five minutes when I got to the cinema. 22. He said that light ________ (ravel) much faster than sound. 23. How many Chinese words ________ Mike ________ (learn) since he got to Beijing? 24. The earth ________ (move) around the sun. 25. The teacher said he ________ (give) us a talk on history soon. 26. All the students ________ (plant) trees tomorrow. 27. Please ________ (not shout) here, the baby is sleeping. 28. We were sure that he ________ (can work) out the problem. 29. The singer said she ________ (not sing) twice in one evening. 30. We are sure he will come to see us before he ________ (leave) Tianjin. 31. Look! The Yong Pioneers ________ (pant) trees on the hill. 32. Mr Wang ________ (not give) us a talk last Monday. 33. They ________ (play) basketball this time yesterday. 34. He said that they ________ (clean) the classroom the next day. 35. We often ________ (have) an English party on Saturday evenings. 36. He ________ (joint) the army a few years ago. 37. I'll tell him the news as soon as he ________ (come) back. 38. Tom always ________ (think) much of others, but little of himself. 39. Mr Black, together with his students, ________ (visit) the Science Museum now. 40. There ________ (be) a League meeting the day after tomorrow. 41. My brother ________ (be) away form home for three years. 42. When Black got to the classroom, the first class ________ (begin). 43. I don't know if he ________ (come). If he ________ (come), please let me know. 44. Tom said, "This pair of trousers ________ (be) mine!" 45. The story ________ (take) place in 1985. 46. —Where is your uncle? —He________ (go) to the bank. 47. I usually ________ (do) my homework in the evening. 48. If it ________ (not rain) tomorrow, the League members of class ________ (plant) trees around the lake? 49. I ________ (finish) my homework by half past eight last night. 50. —What's in the lake? —Some boys ________ (swim) in the lake. 51. The USA ________ (attack) Iraq (伊拉克) in March, 2003. 52. My brother likes English very much, and he ________ (practice) reading every morning.
宾语从句
宾语从句：充当宾语的句子 对宾语从句应注意以下三要素： 1. 引导词 2. 语序 3. 时态 1. 引导词 1)that引导一般疑问句意义的宾从(that可省) eg. He says (that) the boy is a lilltle weak in Chinese. 2)疑问词引导特殊疑问句意义的宾从 eg. ①.Do you know who will give us a talk? ②.I don’t know whose book that is. ③.Could you please tell which gate we have to go to? ④.I wonder when he will come back. 注意：此类宾从的主语与主句的主语（或宾语）相同时，可替换为“疑问词 + to do” eg. ①.I haven’t decided where I will go =I haven’t decided where to go ②.He asked me what I bought = He asked me what to buy. 类似短语：how to do _____what to say_____ what to do _____where to go____ 3)if/whether(是否)引导一般疑问句意义的宾从 eg. ①.“Do you like this book?” she asked me. =She asked me ___ I liked this book. ②.“Have you visited the Great Wall?” Could you tell me? =Could you tell me _____ you have visited the Great Wall? 注意以下几点： ⅰ.区别if当作“是否”，还是“如果” eg. I don’t know if he ______ (come)if it ______(rain) tomorrow. ⅱ.用whether不用if的几种情况 1)后接不定式 eg. I can’t decide whether to go to Beijing. 2)与or / or not连用 eg. I want to know whether you will go to the park or not. 3)在句首时 eg. Whether this is true or not, I can’t say. 4)whether还可以引导让步状语从句，意为“不管，无论” eg. Whether it rains or not, we are going to the park tomorrow. 2.语序：宾从用陈述句语序 eg. 1)I don’t (A) know whether(B) will he (C) come (D) tomorrow. _____________ 2)He asks (A) me when(B) will you (C) come back(D). _____________ 3)Could you tell (A) how many players (B) are there (C) in (D) a football team? ________ 3.时态
eg. She said (that) the sun rises in the east.
三、随堂监测A组I. 选择填空: 1. Did you hear ______? A. what did I say B. what I said C. I said what D. what I say 2. Can you tell me ________? A. which class you are in B. which class are you in C. you are in which class D. are you in which class 3. ---Excuse me. Could you tell me _______? --- Certainly. A. when can I get to the station B. I can get to which station C. which station can I get to D. how I can get to the station 4. Could you tell me where _______ yesterday? A. did you go B. you go C. you have gone D. you went 5. Tom asked me ________. A. whose shirt was this B. whose shirt this was C. who shirt was this D. who shirt this was 6. Excuse me, could you tell me _______? A. where’s the teachers’ office B. where’s the bus station C. what’s she doing D. where the post office is 7. I want to see Mrs. Wang , but I don’t know _______. A. she lives where B. she where lives C. where she lives D. where does she live 8. --- Go and ask Mr. White for help. --- But I don’t know _______. A. where does he live B. where he lives C. where is he living D. he lives there 9. --- Can you tell me ______? --- Yes, he lives in a small town. A. where he lives B. who is singing C. when he will leave D. what he said 10. Have you decided ______ for London? A. when will you leave B. when you will leave C. when are you going D. when you are going 11. Excuse me. Could you tell me ______our tickets? A. where do we show B. where shall we show C. where did we show D. where we shall show 12. --- What are you interested in about cooking food? --- We are all interested in ______. A. how egg is fried B. how is egg fried C. how egg fries D. how does egg fry 13. Do you know _______? A. what it is B. what is it C. who is he D. whose name is it 14. Do you know _______? A. whose book is this B. whose book this is C. this book is whose D. who’s book this is 15. I don’t know ______ now. A. where is my cat B. my cat is where C. where my cat is D. where my cat 16. Does he know ______? A. what’s your name B. what name is your C. what your is name D. what your name is 17. Do you know ______? A. which floor he lives B. which floor he lives on C. he lives on which floor D. which floor does he lives on 18. Can you tell me where _______? A. is the hospital B. the hospital is C. is hospital D. hospital is 19. He hasn’t decided _______. A. if he’ll go on a trip to Wuxi B. when will he go on a trip to Wuxi C. if he goes on a trip to Wuxi D. when does he go on a trip to Wuxi 20. Can you see ________? A. what he’s reading B. what is he reading C. what does he read D. he reads what
四、随堂监测B组中考题集： 1. --- When are the Shutes leaving for New York? ---Pardon? --- I asked _______.
A. when are the Shutes leaving for New York B. when the Shutes are leaving for New York C. when were the Shutes leaving for New York D. when the Shutes were leaving for New York 2. Could you tell me ______? I have something interesting to tell him. A. where is Li Hong B. where Li Hong is C. where was Li Hong D. where Li Hong has been to 3. --- Could you tell me _______? A. how many people have been out of hospital B. when is Thanksgiving C. which animal does he like best D. what time will the dolphin show start 4. I want to know _______. A. what is his name B. what’s his name C. that his name is D. what his name is 5. He asked me ________. A. if she will come B. how many books I want to have C. they would help us do it D. what was wrong with me 6. Do you still remember ______ at the meeting? A. that Jim said B. what Jim said C. did Jim said that D. what did Jim said 7. --- Excuse me, ______ to the nearest bookshop, please? --- Go straight and take the second turning on the left. A. where the way is B. which the way is C. where is the way D. which is the way 8. Mike, go and see who ______ football on the playground. A. is playing B. plays C. played D. were playing 9. The woman still doesn’t know what ______ in her hometown while she was away. A. happens B. happened C. will happen D. was happened 10. --- Can I help you? --- Yes. I’d like a ticket to Mount Emei. Can you tell me ______take to get there? A. how soon will it B. how soon it will C. how long it will D. how long will it 11. --- I hear we’ll have a new teacher this term. --- Really? Do you know ______? A. what subject does he teach B. what subject will he teach C. what subject he teaches D. what subject is he going to teach 12. He asked his teacher _______. A. if there was a monster in Loch Ness B. when was Albert Einstein born C. how would the scientists find out the result D. where could he find the library 13. Do you know ______ over there? A. what happens B. what was happened C. what is happening D. what did happen 14. --- Do you know ______ we will arrive at your hometown? --- This afternoon. A. when B. why C. if D. where 15. Could you tell me ______ to Mount Putuo tomorrow? A. how you will go B. how will you go C. how you have gone D. how have you gone 16. Could you tell me ______? A. which room he lives B. which room he lived C. which room did he live in D. which room he lives in 17. --- Do you know ______ he is? --- He says “1.75 metres”, but I’m not sure. A. how many B. how old C. how far D. how tall 18. She said she _______ me five letters in one month. A. has written B. will write C. had written D. wrote 19. Can you tell me ______ she is waiting for? A. why B. whose C. whom D. which 20. I don’t know ______ he still lives here. A. where B. what C. when D. whether 21. --- Be careful! Don’t break the bottles. Do you hear ______ I said, David? --- Yes, mum. A. what B. that C. why D. if 22. I’d like to know ______. A. when will he give back the tape B. whether has he received higher education C. that he has been busy D. whether she will join in our English evening 23. Could you tell me _______? A. when shall we start B. who are you waiting for C. where the bus station is D. why were you late 24. --- Do you know _______? I’m going to see him. --- Sorry, I don’t know. A. where does Mr. Li live B. where did Mr. Li live C. where Mr. Li lives D. where Mr. Li lived 25. He asked me ______. A. who did kick the first goal in the World Cup B. when was the APEC meeting held C. when China became a member of the WTO D. where will the 2008 Olympics be held 26. She wanted to know _____ her mother liked the present. A. which B. that C. if D. what 27. Could you tell me _______? A. who is she B. where’s the nearest fast restaurant C. if he will come tomorrow D. which way is to the underground station 28. Do you know if ______ back next week? If he ______ back, please let me know. A. he comes, will come B. will he come, comes C. he will come, comes D. will he come, will come 29. --- Can you tell me why ______? --- Because I want to help the people there. A. do you go to Tibet B. did you go to Tibet C. are you going to Tibet D. you are going to Tibet 30. --- Where does he come from? --- Pardon? --- I asked where ______. A. did he come from B. he came from C. he comes from D. does he come from 31. You must remember _______. A. what your teacher said B. what did your teacher say C. your teacher said what D. what has your teacher said 32. Lily likes _____. A. what her twin sister like B. what her twin sister does C. what is her twin sister like D. what does her twin sister do 33. --- Excuse me. Could you tell me ______ get to the plane? --- Certainly. Go straight along here. A. how can we B. how we can C. when can we D. when we can 34. Do you know what time _______? A. does the train leave B. leaves the train C. the train leave D. the train leaves 35. --- I don’t know _____ Mr. Green will come to see us? --- He will help us with our English. A. why B. when C. how D. where
定语从句：在句中作定语的句子，它修饰一个名词或代词，这个被修饰的名词、代词叫做先行词。 一、引导词（关系词）：位于从句与先行词之间，起连接作用，同时在从句中充当一定的成分。先行词分两类：1.关系代词who（作主语）, whom（作宾语）, whose（作定语）, which（作主语、宾语）, that（作主语、宾语）. 2.关系副词when, where, why. 注意：1.如果关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，引导词可以省略. eg. The trees (that) we have planted grow well. 2.关系代词作宾语时，可放在介词后。 但当关系代词是that时，则不能放在介词后。eg. This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived = This is the house which Lu Xun once lived in. =This is the house that Lu Xun once lived in 二、如何选用引导词：一般情况引导词的选用是受先行词决定的——先行词是人时用that , who , whom , whose; 先行词是物时用that , which; 先行词是时间、地点时用when , where. eg. 1)The boy who / that is standing under the tree is Jim. 站在树下的那个男孩时Jim. 2)Do you know the girl whose mother is a driver? 你认识那个妈妈是司机的女孩吗？ 3)Have you been to the factorywhere your father works? 你去过你爸爸工作的工厂吗？ 但注意区别who / that (指人)；which / that (指物) 1.修饰人只用who的情况： a. 先行词是one , ones , anyone , those 时。 b. there be句型中修饰名词时。 c. 先行词后有一个较长的定语。 eg.1)Anyone who hasn’t handed in his home- work should stay after school. 没交作业的任何人放学后都要留下。 2)There is a girl who wants to see you at the school gate. 校门口有位想见你的女孩。 3)Did you see the man in the park yesterday afternoon who wore a red shirt? 昨天下午在公园你见过那个穿红衬衫的人吗？ 2.修饰人或物只用that的情况： a. 先行词为指物的不定代词all , much , little, few , everything , something , anything , nothing b.先行词前有最高级、序数词及last , only , very , all , no时 c. 先行词既有人，又有物时 d. 主句是who / which引导的特殊疑问句，而先行词又指人或物时。 eg.1)Is there anything that I can do for you? 有让我做的事吗？ 2)He is the only one that can help us at the moment. 他是现在能帮助我们的唯一的人。 3)He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited. 他谈论着他拜访过的老师和参观过的学校。 4)Which is the machine that we used last Sunday? 我们上周星期天用过的机器是哪一台？ 3.修饰物只用which的情况： a. 先行词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时 b. 先行词为that时 eg.1)This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived . 这就是鲁迅以前住过的房子。 2)What’s that which you are holding in your arms? 你抱着的那个是什么？ *三、定语从句可简化为短语 1．定语从句为被动语态时可简化为过去分词短语；定语从句为现在进行时可简化为现在分词短语。 2．定语从句的谓语(be)后是介词短语，可简化为介词短语作定语。 3．定语从句的谓语动词含情态动词，可简化为不定式。 eg.1)I bought a book that was written by Lu Xun. = I bought a book written by Lu Xun. 2)Tell the children who are playing there not to do that. = Tell the children playing there not to do that. 3)The book that is on the table is mine. = The book on the table is mine. 4) We have nothing that we should fear. = We have nothing to fear. 练 习 一、用适当的关系代词填空 1.Is it the very house ________ you lived in ten years ago? 2.The woman _____ sits next to the door is my mother. 3.I’ll never forget the year _____ I joined the League. 4.It is the house _____ I was born. 5.The house ______ roof is broken has been repaired. 二、用短语来改写下面的定语从句部分。 1.The man that is talking with Mary is my brother. ______________________________________ __________________. 2.This is a book which was written by a worker ______________________________________ 3.The student who is from Canada speaks French. ______________________________________ __________. 4.She has a lot of work that she must do. _____________________________________ 三、选择填空 ( )1.The man ____ was a friend of mine. A. that you just talked to B. whom you just talked to him C. who you just talked to him D. which you just talked to ( )2.This is the best film ____has been shown this year. A. who B. that C. which D. when ( )3.Finally, the thief handed everything ____ he had stolen to the police. A. which B. what C. that D. in where ( )4.Mr. Li told us the stones and writers ____ interested him A. what B. who C. that D. which ( )5.My father still remembers the day ___ he joined the army. A. when B. which C. to which D. from which ( )6.I’ll never forget the summer holidays ____ we spent together. A. when B. in which C. which D. how ( )7—Does the teacher know everybody _______ planted the trees? —Yes, he does. A. which B. whose C. where D. who ( )8.The letter _______ I received from him yesterday is very important. A. who B. where C. what D. that ( )9.I hate people _______ talk much but do little. A. whose B. whom C. which D. who ( )10.—Who is the man _______ was talking to our English teacher? —Oh! It’s Mr Baker, our maths teacher. A. he B. that C. whom D. which ( )11.I hate the people ________ don’t help others when they are in trouble. A. who B. which C. they D. where ( )12.George Mallory was an English school teacher _______ loved climbing. A. who B. whom C. he D. which ( )13.This is the place _____I have ever visited. A. there B. when C. where D. which ( )14.Nobody knows the reason ______ she didn’t come to the meeting. A. that B. which C. why D. when ( )15.The moon is a world ___there is no life. A. that B. which C. where D. why ( )16.He has forgotten the day ___ he arrived. A. when B. where C. that D. which ( )17.He still remembers the days ______ he spent with your family. A. when B. where C. that D. on which ( )18.Mr. White, ______ car had been stolen, came to the policeman. A. who B. that C. whose D. which ( )19.He got to the village _______ his family once lived before liberation. A. that B. which C. when D. where ( )20.This is the house ______ I want to buy. A. in which B. that C. whose D. where ( )21.He didn’t tell me the place _______ he was born. A. that B. which C. when D. where ( )22.He lived in a small village, ______ was a long way from the railway station. A. that B. which C. where D. when 反意疑问句 由“陈述句 + 附加疑问句”两部分构成。一般有两种形式：前肯后否或前否后肯。对附加疑问部分应注意以下几点： 1）主语只能用人称代词；2）附加疑问句的not必须与（be /助/情）缩写；3）附加疑问句的时态必须与陈述部分的时态一致。 eg.1)Tom is a work, isn’t Tom?(找错)_______ 2)You can swim, can not you?(找错)______ 3)He had lunch, doesn’t he?(找错)________ 特别注意以下几种反意疑问句 1. 陈述部分含否定意味的词(few, little, never, nothing, nobody, no, hardly, none)，附加疑问句应使用肯定形式（但前缀词unhappy, unlike, disappear等列外） eg. They are unhappy, aren’t they? 2.陈述部分的主语是everything, something, nothing, anything时，附加疑问句的主语应用it；陈述部分的主语是everybody, somebody, nobody, everyone, no one时，附加疑问句的主语应用they。 eg.1)Everything is ready, ___________? 2)Everyone is here, ____________? 3.陈述部分是祈使句时，附加疑问句一般用：will you? 但注意： Let’s … , shall we? Let us … , will you? 4.陈述部分含must时，附加疑问句一般用needn’t. eg. I must finish my work now, _________? 5.陈述部分是there be结构时，应用there be结构来完成。 eg. There’s little water, ___________ *6.陈述部分含宾语从句时，疑问部分通常与主句一致。但当主句的谓语动词是think, believe且主语是I , we时，即： I / We think (believe) + 宾从，则附加问句应与从句一致。I’m sure + 宾从也是如此 eg.1)She said I did it, ____________? 2)We don’t think you are right, ________? 3)I’m sure you’ll help me, ____________? *7.I’m… , aren’t I? eg.I am older than you, __________? 8.陈述部分含had better, 疑问部分应用had better来回答。 eg. You’d better go out , ___________? 9.陈述部分是感叹句，附加问句的人称代词应与主语一致。 eg. 1)What a kind girl, __________? 2)What a fine day, ___________? 练 习 ( )1.You had to work for 10 hours yesterday, _____? A. didn’t you B. did not you C. had not you D. did you ( )2.Don’t eat too much, ____? A. will you B. don’t you C. do you D. can you ( )3.Lily looks like Lucy, ____? A. is Lily B. isn’t she C. does Lily D. doesn’t she ( )4.—You didn’t change your mind, did you --- ______. A. No, I didn’t B. Yes, did I C. No, I did D. Yes, I didn’t ( )5.The woman hardly let her daughter go to school, ____ she ? A. does B. doesn’t C. did D. didn’t ( )6.Be sure to come to the parents’ meeting on time, ____? A. will you B. aren’t you C. can’t you D. mustn’t you ( )7.Let’s have a good rest, ____? A. will we B. do we C. shalln’t we D. shall we ( )8.He has never ridden a horse before, ___? A. does he B. has he C. hasn’t he D. doesn’t ( )9.Tom has supper at school, ___? A. hasn’t he B. has he C. doesn’t he D. does he ( )10.There is little water in the glass, ___? A. isn’t there B. isn’t it C. is it D. is there
简单句的五种句型 1.主语 + 不及物动词（主、谓结构） eg. He is working. 2.主语+ 及物动词 + 宾语（主、谓、宾结构） eg. We study English every day. 3.主语+ 连系动词 + 表语（主、系、表结构） eg. Trees turn green. 常见的连系动词有：be ; become ; get ; turn ; feel ; look(看起来)；smell(闻起来); sound(听起来)；taste(尝起来)；seem(似乎). 特别注意：形容词常作表语 4.主语 + 及物动词 + 间宾（人）+ 直宾（物） =主语+ 及物动词 + 直宾（物）+ to / for + 间宾（人） 常用的此类动词有：give ; pass ; show ; lend ; buy. 但buy与for连用 eg.1)I gave him a book. = I gave a book to him. 2)My mother bought me a pen yesterday. = My mother bought a pen for me. 5.主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾补 注意作宾补的词：1）名词（指宾语是谁/什么）；2）形容词；3）不定式；4）动词的ing 形式。 eg.1)We call him Jim. 2)We must keep the window open. 3)He told me to washthe plates. 4)I saw a thief going into your room. 特别注意： 1)动词不定式作宾补 A: ask / want / tell sb to do sth. 其否定式为：ask/want/tell sb not to do sth 2)省to不定式作宾补，即： (l, m, n; 3h; 2看; 1f) sb do sth l—let, m—make, n—notice; 3h—hear, have , help; 2看—see, watch; 1f—feel. eg.1)The boss made the workers work12 hours every day. 2)I often hear him sing. 2)区别省to不定式作宾补与动词ing形式作宾补. hear / see sb do: 听见/看见某人做了某事 hear / see sb doing: 听见/看见某人在做某事
Ⅱ、 知 识 要 点 1.问职业： What be + 主语？= What does /do +主语+do? eg. He is a teacher.（提问） ______ _____ he _____? 2.It’s nice talking to you.与你谈话真高兴。 △3.表方式的短语 1)on foot 2)by + 交通名词单数（无冠词） = in / on a (the; 物主代词；名词所有格) eg. 1) by bike = on a bike by car = in a car 2) He goes to work by a bike every day.(改错) _____________
4. have to : 有外部条件强加的客观上的“不得不” （存在各种时态） eg. 1) I _________ stop on the way because of the rain. 2) I ______ stop because I’m a little tired. △5.提建议
Let’s … All right Why not… ? 语 否定：No, let’s…
另外还可回答为 Yes, I think so/ I’d love to 否定：No,I don’t think so / I’m afraid not.
△6.. wear是 put on 之后的结果：穿着 “衣服” = be in 名词 dress sb: 给某人穿衣 eg. 1)You’d better ____ more clothes when you go out. It’s cold outside. A. wear B. dress C. put on D. take off 2)The boy can ________ himself now. A. wear B. dress C. put on D. take off 3) Tom is wearing a red shirt today. A. is on B. is in C. is putting on △7.在具体的某楼前用 on eg. He lives on the fifteenth floor. △8.How do you like… ? 你觉得……怎么样？ = What do you think of… ? eg. How do you likethe new film? = What do you think of the new film? 你觉得这部新电影怎么样？ 9.a little = a bit 但注意：1) a little+名词 = a bit of + 名词) eg.There is a little(a bit of ) water in the glass. 2) not a little = very not a bit = not at all △ very : a very + 形 + 名 eg. This is a very interesting book. = This is quite an interesting book. 11.in a hurry: 匆忙地 eg.1)He is in a hurry all day. 2)She went to school in a hurry. 另外：hurry to … = go to … in a hurry
get married = be married 已婚；结婚 （但get married是“短命”动词，要指“结婚多久”应用be married） eg. 1)She married with a doctor (找错) ______ 2)She has got married for ten years (找错) __________ △ forget sth : 忘记某事 eg. 1)He ______ the driver’s license yesterday. 2)I ____ my umbrella in the train just now. △14.感叹句 1）What (a, an) + 形 + 名（+主 + 谓）！ (注：但名词为不可数、复数时，则不用a / an) 2）How + 形 / 副 （ + 主 + 谓）！ eg.1)________ bad weather! 2)______ hard they are working! 3)______ good girl she is! 4)_____ beautiful flowers they are!
△15.“风大”strong ---strongly “太阳大”bright---brightly 注意以上词的形、副区别 eg. 1)There was a __________ rain yesterday. 2)It blew ________ last night. 3)The sun is shining ___________. 4)Look! It’s raining __________. 5)What a ___________ wind! △16. how often: 多久一次（问频率） how soon = when: 何时（问将来时间） eg.1)--________ does he go home? -- Once a week. 2)--________ were you away from school last year? --Less than a week. 3)--________ will he come back? --In two days.
eg. 1)I didn’t go to the cinema. _____ I went to the library yesterday. 2)We would like to stay at school _______ going to the cinema today. △18.so 句型
so + 主语 + be(助、情)：“的确如此” eg.1)I watched TV last night, and so did she. 昨晚我看了电视，她也看了。 2)I watch TV every day, and so does he. 我每天看电视，他也如此。 3)I can swim, so I can. 我会游泳，真的是这样。 注意：表示“也不如此”用neither / nor eg. I didn’t watch TV last night, neither did she
△19.指路与问路 问路 1)Excuse me. Could you tell me …
how to get to … the way to … 2)Excuse me. Which is the way to… 指路 1)Go down / up / along this road and… go还可替换为walk 2)Go down / up / along to the end. 3)Go on until you reach the end. 4)Take the … turning on the left. = Turn left at the … turning. 5)Go across the bridge △20. eg.1)He’s sick / ill in hospital. 2)A nurse (A) must take(B) good (C) care of ill (D) men. （选错） _____________ △21. eg.1)__________ he is a student. 2)He ___________ a student. △22. 类似结构 △23.到达 但当后不接地点时，只能用arrive eg.1)She ____ Shanghai last night. A. reached to B. got C. arrived in D. arrived at 2)They ____ there in time at last. A. reached to B. arrived C. got to D. arrived at 1) I’ll ring you up as soon as he_____(到达).
2)Do you feel ______ when you are _____? 3)The old man live in a house ________.
eg. I have (A) many (B) work to do (C)______ △ eg.1)He gave us _________ money. 2)She is ___________ young. △ eg.1)Please ____ your exercise book here tomorrow. 2)Meimei often helps the old man _____ water.
---Don’t worry. Sooner or later you’ll find it _________. 30.to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是…… 类似结构：to one’s joy 使某人高兴的是…… eg. To our great surprise, she could swim in the river. 使我们惊奇的是，他能在河里游泳。
agree to : 同意某事 eg. 1)He agree ___ my plan. 2)I agree ____ what you said. 32.be on … team: 参加……队；是……的队员 eg. He is on the city basketball team. 他是市篮球队队员。 △33.teach sb+科目（当sb是人称代词时应用宾格） eg. He teaches our English(改错) __________ △34.the 100-metre race 100米赛跑 100-metre作定语，修饰race, 注意metre用单数。 类似结构： ①a two-thousand-word letter一封两千字的信 ②an 18-year-old girl一位18岁的女孩 另外有时还可用所有格形式来表达： 100-metre race = 100 metres’ race two-month holiday = two months’ holiday 但当前面有a/ an ; 物主代词；所有格时。则只能用复合形容词来表示： eg. What did the headmaster say about Jim’s ______. A. two months holidayB. Two months’ holiday C. two-month holiday D. two moth’s holiday 35.problem与question
problem: 指客观上存在等待解决的问题着重指“难题”。常与solve , work out连用 1) We must find out a good way to solve the ______. 2) You can answer the _____ in your own words.
△36. lend: 借出 lend sb sth = lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人 keep: 保存；借（多久）（与时间段连用） 1)Jack ____ me his bike last week. 2)You can _____ the book from me, but you can ____ it for only one week.
△37.It’s +adj + of / for sb to do sth. 当形容词用于修饰人时，介词用of. 常见的此类形容词有：kind ; good ; clever ; careful ; polite ; right ; wrong. 其余情况用for. 1)It’s very clever ____ you to do that. 2)It’s hard ____ me to work out the problem. △ another: 再一（另一…）（放在数量词之前） 1)May I have two _____ apples? 2)May I borrow _______ one book?
△39. be used to + 动原: 被用于做… be / get used to sth : 习惯于某事 1)He used to be late for school. 2)The knife is used to cut things. 3)He is uesd to hard work.
△40. else: 放在被修饰词之后，一般修饰不定代词和疑问词 1)other students别的学生 2)anybody else. 其它任何人 what else. 别的什么
such + 形 + 名 但注意： 1) so +形+a / an + 单名= such a /an +形 +单名 2)so (many / much / few / little) + 名 3)so… that ; such … that如此…以致… ① It was ____ bad weather. ② There are ____ many poor in the country. ③ ____ few animals eat ____ much grass. ④ This city is ____ old, you’d better visit it. ⑤ It’s ______ important party ____ I can’t miss it.
△42. have / has gone to: 已经去了… have / has been in: 已在…(多久) 注意：1)后接地点副词here, there , home时应省介词 2)与时间段连用只用have /has been in ① --Where’s Tom? --He ______________ Beijing. ② I ______ Beijing several times. ③ She ________ Chengdu for two years. ④ He __________ there twice.
buy—have ; borrow—keep ; die—be dead ; leave—be away (from); come back—be back; fall asleep—be asleep ; open—be open ; catch a cold—have a cold; go /get out—be out; arrive (reach / get to / come to) +地点—be in +地点；join—be in +集体（或be + 成员）； turn on—be on; turn off—be off ; get a letter from—have a letter from. end /finish—be over ; get up—be up ; 1) He has (A) bought (B) the fridge (C) for (D) two years. _________ 2)How long (A) may (B) I borrow(C) the (D) book? _________ 3)The film (A) has begun (B) for five minutes(C). _________ 4)Tom has got (A) the letter (B)from (C) Jim for two days(D). __________ 5)I have (A) caught (B) a cold since two years ago(C). ____________ 6)He has (A) come to (B) Beijing for ten years(C) ___________ 7)My brother (A) has joined(B) the army (C) for (D) five years. ___________
besides: 除了…，还有…（包括除去的部分） 1) We go to school every day except Sunday. 该句意味着： We go to school from Monday to Saturday. 2)We all went to the park besides Li Lei. 该句意味着： We went to the park, and Li Lei went, too.
pay (money) for sth 是人 buy sth for + money cost: sth cost sb + money 主语是物 1)I _____ ten yuan on the book. 2)I _____ ten yuan for the book. 3)The book _____ me ten yuan. 4)I _____ the book for ten yuan. 5)It _____ me an hour to do the maths problem
△46 sometimes: 有时（一般现在时 some time: 一些时候(表时间段) some times:几次 eg. 1)He _______ (go) to Beijing sometime next week. 2)I _______ (be) to Beijing some times. 47.be to do: 表将来 There is to be a sports meeting next Saturday. △48.计量：表事物的“长、宽、高、深、远、厚”用 “long ; wide ; high / tall ; deep ; away ; thick. 1)Mr Green is nearly two metres ________ 2)The ice is about one metre _________. 3)Our classroom is about twelve metres ______and eight metres __________. △49.population：不可数名词。指人口的多少用“large / big或small”；询问人口的多少用what. 1)What’s the population of Germany? 德国的人口是多少？ 2)China has a largepopulation.中国人口众多 3)The population (A) of (B) Japan is less (C) than that (D) of India. ____________ 另外注意： 表示“有…人口”用have a population of . Now China has a population of more than one billion. 现在中国有十亿多人口。
eg. make room for: 为…腾出空间 51.seem的用法： 1)seem + adj = seem to be + adj He seems very angry = He seems to be angry. 2)seem to do It seems to rain tomorrow.明天似乎要下雨。 3)It seems + that从句 It seems that you are right.你似乎是对的。
1)He talked as if he knew all about it. 他说话的口气好象已经全知道了此事。 2)He opened his mouth as if to say something. 他开口似乎要说什么。
2)In the end we _____ the match.
△53.人对…感兴趣/感到兴奋/感到惊奇（只作表语） interesting;excited;surprising主语是物。指 某物有趣/令人兴奋/使人惊奇（可作定、表语） 1)It’s an ________football game. 2)I’m ________ in music.
need doing(表被动) 1)You needn’t go home now. 2)The bike needs mending. 3)I need to go home now.
living: 活着的；没死的（常作前置定语） 1)Both plants and animals are _______ thing. 2)No one ______ will believe it. △56.否定前移的动词：think , believe , expect , suppose. 1)I didn’t expect their team would win. 我希望他们的对不会赢。 2)I don’t think he will come tomorrow. 我认为明天他不会来。
△57. see: （look at之后的结果）看见 read: 看（书、报等） watch: 看（电视、比赛等） 另外注意：1)see a film看电影 2)see a doctor看医生 1)I often ______ newspaper after suppe. 2)He _____ the picture, and ____ some trees in it.
hear: （listen to之后的结果）听见 He was very sorry to ________ the bad news.
△59. find: （look for之后的结果）找到 find out: (经过努力、周折)查出，找出（真相等） They are ___________ their lost horse. A. finding B. looking for C. finding out
wish: (难以实现的)愿望 另外注意：1)wish to do sth = hope to do sth 2)wish sb to do sth ( ) hope sb to do sth( ╳ ) ( )I _____ you to come to school earlier next time. A. wish B. hope C. wants
△61. ②修饰不定代词(something, anything, nothing)的词应后置。 ③else修饰不定代词和疑问词应后置） 1)I have something importantto tell you. 2)He didn’t run fast enoughto catch up with Tom.
△ Will / Would you please not + 动原？ Will you please not talk in class?
= How’s the weather … ? 怎么样？
find it +形 +to do: 觉得做…怎么样 类似用法还有make , think等 1)I find the question ___________(容易). 2)I think it important to learn Englis.
the number of: …的数目/号码(作主为三单) The number of the students in our classis 50.
△66. also: 句中 “也” either: 否定句末“也不” 1)I don’t like reading, she doesn’t , ______. 2)Tom is fourteen. Jim is _____fourteen.
yet: 否、疑末 1)I have already had lunch. 2)I haven’t had lunch yet.
stay: (短时间的)居住 eg. He lives in Changsha, but he’s going to stay in Shanghai for a few days.
一．名词 名词是表示人、地方、事物或抽象概念名称的词，可以说名词是万物之名称。它们可以是：
______名词：________________的总称。如________________________ . _____名词 _______名词：_______________________。如 _________________________ .
2. 可数名词复数形式的构成 可数名词的复数形式通常是在单数形式后加-s或-es，现将其复数的一般构成方法及读音列表如下：
英语中还有不少名词的复数形式是不规则的，必须把它们牢记在心。如：man→__________, woman→__________, Frenchman→__________, child→__________, tooth→__________, foot→__________, goose→__________, mouse→__________, sheep→__________, deer→__________, fish→__________等。 3. 名词的所有格 在英语中，有些名词的词尾可以加上’s，用来表示所有关系，这种结构称为名词的所有格。
二．冠词 冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。 I. 不定冠词的用法：
II. 定冠词的用法：
III. 零冠词的用法：
三．代词： 代词可以分为以下七大类：
一、. 人称代词的用法 1）人称代词的主格在句子中充当主语 例如： I am studying English now. 我现在正在学英语。 We love our country. 我们热爱我们的国家。 如果有几个人称代词并列充当主语，它们的顺序是： 单数形式 ____________________ 复数形式 ____________________ 2）人称代词的宾语在句子中充当宾语、介词宾语或表语。 例如： Can you help _____? 你能帮助我们吗？ We are waiting for ______. 我们正在等他们。 Who is there? It’s ______. 是谁呀？是我。 二、形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的主要用法区别 1）形容词性物主代词不能独立使用，只作定语，用来修饰后面的名词。 例如： My parents are both doctors. 我的父母都是医生。 We saw a film yesterday. Its name was Speed. 我们昨天看了一场电影，片名是《生死时速》。 2）名词性物主代词应独立使用，后面不跟名词，相当于____________________，它们在句中可以作主语、宾语或表语。 例如： Is this her pen? No, ________ is red. （ ） 这是她的钢笔吗？不，她的是红色的。 Let’s clean their room first, and then clean ________. （ ） 咱们先打扫他们的房间，然后再打扫我们的。 These letters are ________.（ ） 这些信是他的。 三、反身代词的用法 1）在句子中作宾语，表示动作回射到动作的执行者本身。 例如： My grandmother is too old to look after __________. 我奶奶年纪太大了，照顾不了她自己。 Lei Feng was always ready to help others, he never thought of __________. 雷锋总是乐于帮助别人，从不考虑自己。 2) 主要用于加强语气 I did it __________. 3）反身代词在实际运用中可构成许多常用词组。 例如： ____________________亲自 ____________________为自己 call oneself 称自己 ____________________自学 ____________________ 随意吃 ____________________迷路 ____________________ 自言自语 seat oneself 就座 ______________________________让别人懂得自己的意思 四、 常见不定代词的用法讲解 1. some和any a．some常用于__________，any多用于__________，__________或条件状语从句，两者都可以代替可数或不可数名词。 例如： __________say yes and some say no. 有的人说是，有的人说不是。 I don’t like __________of them. 我对他们一个也不喜欢。 Does __________of them know this? 他们当中有谁知道吗？ b．在____________________的不定代词要用some，不用any。 例如： Would you like __________of the tickets? 你想要些票吗？ c．在强调“______________”意思的时候，any也可用于肯定句。 例如： You can take any of the newspapers here. 你可以拿这儿任何一份报纸。 2. few, a few, little, a little在用法上的区别 1）用作形容词：
I'm going to buy a few apples. He can speak only a little Chinese. There is only a little milk in the glass. He has few friends. They had little money with them. 2）a little和little也可以用作副词，a little表示“有点，稍微”，little表示“很少”。 I'm a little hungry. (修饰形容词hungry) Let him sleep a little. (修饰动词sleep) Mary, go a little faster, please. (修饰副词比较级) She slept very little last night. 3. other, the other, another, others, the others的区别。
1）other也可以用作代词，与冠词the连用构成“the other”，表示______________________________。常与one搭配构成“____________________”句型。 He has two brothers. One is 10 years old , ____________________. She held a ruler in one hand and an exercise-book ____________________. 2）other作代词用时，可以有复数“others”，泛指“_____________________”。常与some搭配构成“______________”句型。 Some went to the cinema, ________________________. This coat is too large. Show me some others, please. 3）“the others”表示特指某范围内的“________________________________”。 We got home by 4 o'clock, ________________________________________. In our class only Tom is English, ______________________________. 4）another可以作形容词用，修饰后面的名词，意为“另一个”，还可以跟代词one. You can see another ship in the sea, can't you? Mary doesn't want to buy this skirt. Would you please show her ____________________? 5）another也可以作代词用，表示“另一个”。 I'm still hungry after I've had this cake. Please give me ____________________. 4. every与each的区别。
The teacher gave a toy to each child. Each ball has a different colour. 当我们说each child, each student或each teacher时，我们想到的是一个人的情况。而当我们说every child和every student时，我们想到的是全体的情况，every的意思与all接近，表示他们都如此。 Every student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher. Every child likes playing. = All children like playing. 5. all和both的用法。 both表示两者都，而all表示三者或三者以上，both和all用于助动词之后，实义动词之前 __________________are students. Jim and Tom __________ students. __________are students. They ____________from Australia. They are all from Australia. ____________are students. all the students = ____________________ all of us = __________ 6、either(两者任一)与neither(两者无一),either of, neither of后谓语动词常用__________ Do you know either of the two ladies? -Are the two answers right?-No,neither is right. Neither he nor I am right. either of… neither of…
五、相互代词 六、 疑问代词 问句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作为某一句子成分。例如： Who is going to come here tomorrow? （作主语） What is that? (作表语) Whose umbrella is this? (作定语) Whom are you waiting for? (作宾语) 七、关系代词 关系代词是一种引导从句并起连接主句和从句作用的代词。关系代词有 who, whose, whom, that, which. 它们在句中可用作主语,表语,宾语,定语. 在主句中,它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词。例如： 我讨厌说得多而做得少的人。______________________________________________________________ 我正在找随信寄给我的那张照片。______________________________________________________________ 带着他节省下来的钱，他继续他的学业。______________________________________________________________ 你认识那个正在采访我们校长的那个女士吗？___________________________________________________
四、数词 表示数目和顺序的词叫数词。数词可分为基数词和序数词两类。 （一）基数词 基数词用来表示数目，或者说表示数量的词叫基数词。最基本的基数词如下表所示。
说明： 1．101—999的基数词先写百位数，后加and再写十位数和个位数。如： 691 ______________________。 2．1000以上的基数词先写千位数，后写百位数，再加and，最后写十位数和个位数。 如：5893 ___________________________________。 在基数词中只有表示“百”、“千”的单位词，没有单独表示“万”、“亿”的单位词，而是用thousand（千）和million（百万）来表达，其换算关系为：1万=10 thousand;1亿=100 million; 10亿=a thousand million=a billion。 （二）、基数词的用法 1．表示单位的基数词(hundred, thousand, million, billion) ___________________________________。 例如： ___________________________________ 二百个学生 ___________________________________五千年 2．基数词的复数形式表示大量的数目，在这种情况下，___________________________________。 3．基数词在句中的作用 基数词的作用相当于名词和形容词，它在句子中可充当主语，宾语，表语和定语。 例如： Three and five is eight. 3+5=8 主语 表语 How many oranges do you want?你要多少桔子？ I want eight. 我要八个。 宾语 There are eight boats in the lake. 湖里有八条小船。 定语 （三）序数词的用法 表示顺序的词，叫序数词。序数词用来表示数词顺序。除特殊情况外，序数词一般都由相应的基数词加后缀-th构成。 请见下表：
1．序数词可缩写为阿拉伯数字加序数词最后两个字母。 例如： 第一：____________________________________第二：___________________________________ 第三：___________________________________第五：___________________________________ 第九十七：___________________________________第一百零一：___________________________________ 2．编了号的事物要用基数词表示顺序，但是基数词要后置。 例如： 第一课：___________________________________第三十二页：___________________________________ 第305房间：_______________________________第12路公共汽车：___________________________________ 3. 序数词和基数词一样，也能起名词或形容词作用，在句子中作主语、表语、宾语和定语。 例如： _________________is bigger than the second. 第一个比第二个大。 主语 Give me _________________. 把第一个给我。 宾语 She’s often _________________ to go to school. 她经常第一个去上学。 表语 We’re going to learn _________________lesson. 我们将要学习第八课。 定语 （四）六、年、月、日和时间的表达法 1．年份用基数词表达，分两位一读，年份前用介词in。 例如： 1999___________________________________ 2000 ___________________________________ 2001 ___________________________________ 2．月份的第一个字母要大写，有些月份名称有缩写形式。 例如： 一月_____________ , 二月_____________, 三月_____________, 四月_____________,五月_____________, 六月_____________, 七月_____________, 八月_____________，九月_____________, 十月_____________, 十一月_____________, 十二月_____________。 3．日期的表达要用序数词，读时前面要加定冠词the,介词要使用_____________。 例如： 在6月1日：on June 1 st 读作：on June the first. 年、月、日同时表达时，一般应先__________________________。 例如： 在2001年5月4日：__________________________。 4．年代用基数词的复数表示。 例如： 20世纪90年代：__________________________ 21世纪20年代：__________________________ 5．时间表达法：时间可用顺读法或倒读法两种方式表达。 例如： 顺读法 倒读法 5：00 __________________________ 6：18 __________________________ 12：15 __________________________ 4：30 __________________________ 5：50 __________________________ 6：45 __________________________ 注意： 1）表示整点时间，直接用基数词表达，后边可接o’clock (也可不加)。表达“几点几分”时，绝不能用o’clock。 2）表达“15分”或“45分”时，常用quarter（刻）。 3）在倒读法中，如果钟点不过半，须用“分钟数+past+钟点数”的形式；如果钟点过半，则用“差多少分钟数+to+全钟点（下个钟点数）”的形式。 例如： 8:20 __________________________ 8:40 __________________________ 6.分数分子用_______________，分母用________________，当分子大于1时，分母用_________ 1/2 _______________________ 1/4 ________________________4/5 _________________________ 6 5/9 __________________________ 五、形容词(adj．) 表示__________________________ __________________________ 副词(adv．) 表示动作特征或性状，主要修饰动词、形容词、副词及整个句子 1. 形容词的用法 (1) 形容词在句中作定语, 表语, 宾语补足语。 例如： Our country is a beautiful country. （ ） The fish went bad. （ ） We keep our classroom clean and tidy. （ ） (2)形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时, __________________________ 。 I have something important to tell you. Is there anything interesting in the film. (3)用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。 Everybody, man and woman, old and young, should attend the meeting. You can take any box away, big or small. (4) __________________________表示一类人或物 The rich should help the poor. 2. 副词的用法 (1) 副词在句中可作状语,表语和定语。 He studies very hard. （ ） Life here is full of joy. （ ） When will you be back? （ ） 副词按其用途和含义可分为下面五类： 1)时间副词 时间副词通常用来表示动作的时间。常见的时间副词有：now today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, late, early, never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always等。例如： He often comes to school late. What are we going to do tomorrow? He has never been to Beijing. 2)地点副词 地点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的地点副词有：here, there, inside, outside, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up, off, on, in, out等。例如： I met an old friend of mine on my way home. He went upstairs. Put down your name here. 3)方式副词 方式副词一般都是回答“怎样的？”这类问题的，其中绝大部分都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly构成的, 有少数方式副词不带词尾-ly, 它们与形容词同形。常见的方式副词有：anxiously, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, proudly, rapidly, suddenly, successfully, angrily, happily, slowly, warmly, well, fast, slow, quick, hard, alone, high, straight, wide等。例如： The old man walked home slowly. Please listen to the teacher carefully. The birds are flying high. He runs very fast. 4)程度副词 程度副词多数用来修饰形容词和副词，有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。常见的程度副词有：much, (a) little, a bit, very, so, too, enough, quite, rather, pretty, greatly, completely, nearly, almost, deeply, hardly, partly等。例如： Her pronunciation is very good. She sings quite well. I can hardly agree with you. 5)疑问副词是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词。常见的疑问副词有：how, when, where, why等。例如： How are you getting along with your studies? Where were you yesterday? Why did you do that? (2)副词在句中的位置 1)多数副词作状语时放在动词之后。如果动词带有宾语，则放在宾语之后。例如： Mr Smith works very hard. She speaks English well. 2)频度副词作状语时，通常放在行为动词之前，情态动词，助动词和be动词之后。例如： He usually gets up early. I’ve never heard him singing. She is seldom ill. 3)程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词的前面, 但enough作副词用时，通常放在被修饰词的后面。例： It is a rather difficult job. He runs very fast. He didn’t work hard enough. 4)副词作定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词之后。例如： On my way home, I met my uncle. The students there have a lot time to do their own research work. (3)部分常用副词的用法 1) very, much 这两个副词都可表示“很”，但用法不同。Very用来修饰形容词和副词的原级，而much用来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。例如： She is a very nice girl I’m feeling much better now. Much可以修饰动词，而very则不能。例如： I don’t like the idea much. They did not talk much. 2) too, either 这两个副词都表示“也”，但too用于肯定句，either用于否定句。例如： She can dance, and I can dance, too. I haven’t read the book and my brother hasn’t either. 3) already, yet already一般用于语肯定句，yet一般用于否定句。例如： He has already left. Have you heard from him yet? He hasn’t answered yet. 4) so, neither so和neither都可用于倒装句， 但so表示肯定，neither表示否定。 例如： My brother likes football and so do I. My brother doesn’t like dancing and neither do I. 3.形容词、副词都有三个等级： 1、一般构成规律：
2、常见的不规则变化：
4．形容词和副词比较级、最高级的用法 原级的用法： ①肯定句型： __________________________ 意思是 “与……一样” ____________________________________________________ 这个男孩和他的哥哥一样聪明。 ____________________________________________________ 露茜写得和莉莉一样认真。 ②否定句型： __________________________ 意思是“不如……“ ____________________________________________________ 猴子不如大象强壮。 ____________________________________________________ 他没有你好。 比较级的用法： 1、比较级+than ____________________________________________________彼得比山姆聪明。 ____________________________________________________ 这来辆车比那一辆漂亮。 2、形容词比较级前可用____________________________________________________等修饰。 ____________________________________________________彼得比山姆聪明的多。 ____________________________________________________ 这间房子比那间稍微亮一点。 3、_____________________________________ 意思是“越来越…...” 4、_____________________________________ 意思是“越…...就越…...” ____________________________________________________ 你学习越努力，进步就越快。 5、_____________________________________. 意思是“比其它的任何一个……都更……”（这种情况其实是用比较级的形式表达最高级的意思。） ____________________________________________________ 在他班里他比其它任何学生都更愚蠢。 ____________________________________________________ 她比队里的其余任何一个女孩都要高。 最高级的用法： 1、_____________________________________或用从句修饰的句子中。 ____________________________________________________在所有这些表中这块最贵。 ____________________________________________________在我家，妈妈是最忙碌的。 2、_____________________________________ 表示“第几个最……的” ____________________________________________________黄河是中国的第二大河流。 ____________________________________________________ 这个公园是北京第三大公园。 3、_____________________________________ 表示“是最……之一” ____________________________________________________美国是世界上最富有的国家之一。 ____________________________________________________. 北京最美丽的地方之一是颐和园。 4、形容词最高级前一定要用the，而副词最高级前可省略。 ____________________________________________________大象是这个动物园里最重的动物。 ____________________________________________________所有学生中她来得最早。
形、副比较等级还应注意 1.比较级前用a little ; much / a lot ; even / still来加强语气，表示“……一点儿；……得多 ； 更……” eg. 1) a little bigger 大一点儿 2)much more 多得多 3)even heavier更重 但注意：不能在比较级前加so; too; very; quite等。 2.比较级必须是同类事物相比（即as; than后的词应与主语是同类事物），注意常用漏的代词有：that; those; one; ones eg. 1)The apples(A) in this basket (B) are redder (C) than in that basket(D). _________ 2)This knife (A) isn’t (B) so (C) new as that(D). _______________ 3)Our classroom (A) is (B) bigger (C) than Lily(D). _______________ 3.个体与整体相比，不能包括个体，常用“any other + 单数名词”来进行比较。 eg.1）Betty(是个体) is cleverer than any student in her class(是整体). ( × ) 正：Betty is cleverer than any other student in her class. =Betty is cleverer than anybody else in her class. =Betty is the cleverest in her class. (特别注意以上三种句型的转换) 2)China is bigger than any country in Africa. 中国比非洲的任何一个国家都大。 3) China is bigger than any other country in Asia. 中国比亚洲的任何一个其他国家大。 *4.使用最高级时应把主语包括在范围内。 eg. Mary is the tallest of all her sisters.( × ) (all her sisters已排除了Mary) 改：Mary is the tallest of all the sisters. 5.表示“第二、第三……”时，可在最高级前加“second , third, …”（但“第一”不能用first） eg. The Changjiang River is the first longest river in China. 改错：________________ 介词 1.in; on; at用在时间词前，表“在” 1)at + 具体时刻 2)on + 具体某天（具体某天的上、下午等；星期词；以及上、下午词前有修饰词时） 3)in + 年、月、季节及一天中的某部分 但注意：at night= in the night at noon at this / that time at Christmas eg. 1.___ the morning 2.___ Monday morning 3. ___ a rainy evening 4. ___3:50 5.__ 2002 6.___ the morning of April 10 7.___ spring 8.___ night 9.___ this time 10. ___ March 另外注意：在时间词（morning , afternoon , evening ; Sunday…）前有last, next , this , that时，不再用介词. tomorrow, tonight前也不用介词。 eg. I will go(A) to the cinema(B) in(C) this evening. ______________ 2. in , on , at 表地点： at一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某个范围之内；on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如： eg. 1)He arrived ___Shanghai yesterday. 2)They arrived ___a small village before dark. 3)There is a big hole ____ the wall. 4)The teacher put up a picture ____ the wall. 3.in , on , to表方位 in(范围内)；on(范围外且接壤)；to(范围外但不接壤)。可表示为下图的位置关系
eg.1)Taiwan is ___the southeast of China. 2)Hubei is ___the north of Hunan. 3)Japan is ___the east of China.
through: （内部）穿过，贯穿 介词 eg. 1)Can you swim _____ the river? 2)The road runs __________ the forest. 3) _____ the bridge, you’ll find a cinema.
after + 时间段：与过去时连用 但after + 时间点：可与将来时连用。 1) I’ll leave _______ three o’clock.. That is, I’ll leave ________ about ten minutes. 2)They left _______ two weeks.
on the tree(树上自身具有的花、果、叶等)
7. on the wall(墙表面的事物) 1) There is a map ___ the wall 2) There are four windows ___ the wall. 8.by bike / bus / car / ship (单数且无冠词) 但当这些交通工具名词前有其它修饰词时，则应使用相应的介词。 eg. by bike = on a(the; his) bike by car = in a(the ; her) car
above: 在…的斜上方 未接触 1) The moon rose ______ the hill. 2) There is a bridge _____ the river. 3) There is a book ______ the desk.
among :在（三者以上）之间 1)A big crowd of people were waiting for Li Lida on the beach. ________ them were his parents. 2)Tom sits ________Lucy and Lily. 11.on与about : 关于
about用于非正式的谈话或随便提及 eg. He gave a talk ____ the history of the Party
in / at the front of:在……前部（范围内） 1)There is a big tree _______ of the classroom. 2)A driver drives _________ of the bus. 类似区别：at the back of与behind 13.with和in: 表示“用“
in: 指“用语言、话语、声音等” 1) Please write the letter ____ a pen. 2) Please speak ____ a loud voice. 14. on a farm ; in a factory ; the girl in the hat ; leave for: 动身前往某地 15.一些固定搭配： （1）介词与动词的搭配 listen to , laugh at, get to, look for; wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off, worry about, think of, look after, spend…on…, 等。 （2）介词与名词的搭配 on time, in time, by bus, on foot, with pleasure, on one’s way to, in trouble, at breakfast, at the end of, in the end等。 （3）介词与形容词的搭配 be late for, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be angry with, be full of, be sorry for等。
六、连词: 从属连词和并列连词 （一）从属连词：用于连接各种从句的连词 （二）并列连词：并列连词用来连接具有并列关系的词，短语或句子。常见的并列连词有： 1.表并列关系的and, both…and, not only…but also, neither…nor等。 2. 表选择关系的or, either…or等。 3. 表转折关系的but, while（然而）等。 4.表因果关系的for, so等。
or: “和”在否定句中表并列 另外：1)or “或者”用于选择疑问句 2)or “否则” eg. ①.Which do you like better, tea or milk? ②.Hurry up, or you’ll be late for school. 6.but “但是”表转折 eg. I listened, but I heard nothing. 注意：1)though(虽然), but(但是)不能连用 2)not … but 不是…而是 eg. This book isn’t mine but yours.
7. either…or: 或者…或者 语后者决 not only … but also:不但…而且 定单、复 eg.1)Both he and I are students. 2)Neither he nor I am a student. 动词 重点知识归纳及讲解 一、概述 动词是表示动作或状态的词。句子中的谓语成分是由动词充当的，谓语通常是句中不可缺少的成分，因此动词是英语词类中最重要的一种。动词可以通过本身的变化来表示动作发生的时间以及说话人的语气、态度等。 1．动词的种类 动词按其词义和在句中的作用可以分为：行为动词（或称实义动词）、连系动词、助动词和情态动词。详见下表：
注意： 1）行为动词又可分为及物动词（vt.）和不及物动词（vi.）两种。及物动词作谓语，后面必须跟宾语意思才完整。不及物动词作谓语，后面不能跟宾语，只有加上介词后才可接宾语。 2）英语中有些动词常常是既作及物动词又作不及物动词；既作连系动词又作及物动词。 例如： He speaks English very well. (vt.) 他英语讲得好。 He spoke at the meeting. （vi.） 另外，动词按其在句中能否作谓语，又可分为谓语动词（finite verb）和非谓语动词（non-finite verb）两大类。 说明： 谓语动词又称限定动词，非谓语动词又称非限定动词。 非谓语动词初中阶段主要学习动词不定式的用法。 2．动词的基本形式 英语动词有五种基本形式，即动词原形、过去式、过去分词、现在分词和第三人称单数形式。如：work—worked—worked—working—works。它们的构成及形式详见下表。
说明： 1）词尾-ed在清辅音后读[t]；在浊辅音和元音后读[d]；在[t]和[d]后读[id]。 2）词尾-es或-s在[s ]、[z]、[t ]、[d ]后面读[iz]；在清辅音后读[s]；在浊辅音及元音后读[z]；在[t]，[d]后读[ts]、[dz]。 3）不规则动词的过去式与过去分词则要根据不规则动词表逐渐记住。 二、动词的时态 在英语中，由于谓语动作发生的时间不同，或表达不同时间存在的状态，谓语动词都要发生相应的变化。这些动词的变化形式就叫做动词的时态。 初中阶段主要学习，掌握以下八种时态。 其结构为： 1）主语为第一，二人称及第三人称复数时 肯定句 主语+动词原形+其它。 否定句 主语+don't+动词原形+其它。 一般疑问句 Do +主语+动词原形+其它？ 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+do+主语+动词原形+其它？ 2）主语为第三人称单数时 肯定句 主语+动词第三人称单数 +其它。 否定句 主语+doesn't+动词原形+其它。 一般疑问句 Does+主语+动词原形+其它？ 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+does+主语+动词原形+其它？ 其作用为：1. ___________________________________________________ 2. ___________________________________________________ 3. ___________________________________________________ 其常用时间状语为often，always，usually，sometimes，everyday(week，year...), in the morning（afternoon，evening）等。 Ex . 1. _______ she _______ (go)to the library every Sunday? 2.They often _______(swim)in summer. 3.______(be)everyone here? 4.The earth______(travel) round the sun.
其结构为： 肯定句 主语+动词过去式+其它。 否定句 主语+didn't+动词原形+其它。 一般疑问句 Did+主语+动词原形+其它？ 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它？ 其作用为：___________________________________________________ 其常用时间状语为 yesterday，the day before yesterday，...ago，last...及其它表过去的时间，如in 1998 等. Ex. 1.I_____the number down on a piece of paper a moment ago. A write B writed C wrote D writing 2.Everything______ready before Father came. A were B was C is D are 3.He always _______me last term. A helped B helps C helping D help
其结构为： 肯定句 主语+will+动词原形+其它。 否定句 主语+won't+动词原形+其它。 一般疑问句 Will+主语+动词原形+其它？ 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+will+主语+动词原形+其它？ 当主语是第一人称时，助动词可为 shall.且若为疑问句只能为shall. 其作用为: ___________________________________________________ 也可用 主语+am，is，are＋going to do+动词原形+其它来表示计划，打算或决定要做的事情。 对于很快就会发生的事，还可用进行时态表将来，但常局限于有位置移动色彩的动词，如go，come，leave等。 其常用时间状语为 tomorrow，the day after tomorrow，next...，in+时间段及其它表将来的时间，如in 2010 等. Ex. 1.Hurry up，or you_______(be)late. 2.What_____you________(do)tomorrow? 3.They_______(have) 6 subjects next term. 4.I think it________ again later in the day . A rains B will going to rain C is going to rain D will be rain 5.Where________this time next year? A will you be B will be you C you will be D will you going to be
其结构为: 肯定句 主语+ am，is，are+现在分词+其他. 否定句 主语+ am，is，are +not+现在分词+其他. 一般疑问句 Am，Is，Are+主语+现在分词+其他? 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+am，is，are+主语+现在分词+其他? 其作用为: ___________________________________________________ 其常用时间状语为 now，this week，these days 等,也可是置于句首的 Look，Listen. 现在进行时也可表示最近按计划安排将进行的动作,常会有一个表将来的时间状语。但仅限于少量词语，如go，come，leave，arrive等。 注：表态度,情感的动词和感官动词不能用于进行时态（like，know，want，hear等） Ex. 1. They are planting trees on the hill. （改为否定句） 2. Tom is writing a letter to his friend. (改为一般疑问句) 3. I am getting ready to run. (就划线部分提问) 五、过去进行时 其结构为: 肯定句 主语+was，were+现在分词+其他. 否定句 主语+was，were＋not＋现在分词+其他. 一般疑问句 Was，Were+主语+现在分词+其他? 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+was，were+主语+现在分词+其他? 其作用为：___________________________________________________。 其时间状语为：at this time＋过去时间 (at this time yesterday)，at that time， at＋具体时间点+过去时间（at 9:00 o'clock last night），from 具体时间点 to 具体时间点+过去时间(from 7:00 to 10:00 yesterday morning)。 过去进行时还可以与一般过去时搭配用于时间状语从句中。强调动作延续时用过去进行时，强调动作瞬间发生时用一般过去时。常用连词为when，while. Ex. 1.He __________(not work) at that time. 2.When the teacher_________(come)in，they_________(talk) loudly. 3.What______you_______(read) last night? 4.His mother ________(return)while he_______(do)his homework. 5.My father______(watch)TV while my mother_________(cook).
其结构为：肯定句 主语+ have，has +过去分词+其它。 否定句 主语+ have，has +not+过去分词+其它。 一般疑问句 Have，Has+ 主语+过去分词+其它? 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+ have，has+主语+过去分词+其它? 其作用与时间状语： 1）___________________________________________________，常与 already, yet, ever, never, just, before 等副词连用。 2）__________________________________________________________________。如for+时间段, since+过去时间，提问用How long. 此外，so far, in (during) the last (past)+时间段 也是该时态的时间状语。 现在完成时强调过去与现在的联系，而一般过去时只强调过去的动作，与现在无关。 在现在完成时的第二个作用中，必须使用持续性动词，故某些表瞬间的动词需要特定的转换形式。 如：die---have been dead open---have been open close---have been closed buy---have had borrow---have kept arrive (in，at),come(to)+ a place---have been in +a place，leave+ a place---have been away from+ a place join+团体---have been in+团体, have been a+团体成员等 Ex. 1 How long have you ______the book? A borrowed B kept C lent D bought 2.We _________each other since he ______. A didn't see，left B haven't seen，has left C haven't seen，left 3.____he______(wait) for you for an hour? 4.We________just______(have) our lunch. 5.So far, no man_________(visit) this village.
其结构为：be动词 肯定句 主语+would be+其它。 否定句 主语+would not be+其它。 一般疑问句 Would+主语+be+其它？ 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+would+主语+be+其它？ 实意动词 肯定句 主语+Would+动词原形+其它。 否定句 主语+wouldn't+动词原形+其它。 一般疑问句 Would+主语+动词原形+其它？ 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+would+主语+动词原形+其它？ 注：也可用 was，were＋going to do 的结构来表示。 其作用为: ___________________________________________________.此时态常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句中。 Ex. 1.Linda told me that she________(go)to the park the next day. 2.We didn't know when he________(arrive)until he called us. 3.They asked if they ________(visit )the farm by bus.
八、过去完成时 其结构为：肯定句 主语+ had + 过去分词+其它。 否定句 主语+ had + not+过去分词+其它。 一般疑问句 Had+ 主语+ 过去分词+其它? 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+ had+ 主语+过去分词+其它? 其作用为：___________________________________________________。 此时态常用于 1）以by，before+过去时间，时间段+before，the (week...)before为时间状语的简单句中。 2）主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中。 3）与一般过去时搭配，用于when，after，before引导的时间状语从句中 Ex. 1.We ____(be) there twice by the end of last year. 2.They_________(finish)the work before 1998. 3.He said he ________(see) the film the week before. 4.The sun________(rise) when he got up. 5.Yesterday,I ________(leave)the classroom after I ______(clean) it.
现在完成时中，关于终止性动词与持续性动词的要求，在过去完成时中，依然适用。
宾语从句
宾语从句：充当宾语的句子 对宾语从句应注意以下三要素： 1. 引导词 2. 语序 3. 时态 1. 引导词 1)that引导一般疑问句意义的宾从(that可省) eg. He says (that) the boy is a lilltle weak in Chinese. 2)疑问词引导特殊疑问句意义的宾从 eg. ①.Do you know who will give us a talk? ②.I don’t know whose book that is. ③.Could you please tell which gate we have to go to? ④.I wonder when he will come back. 注意：此类宾从的主语与主句的主语（或宾语）相同时，可替换为“疑问词 + to do” eg. ①.Ihaven’t decided where I will go =I haven’t decided where to go ②.He asked me what I bought = He asked me what to buy. 类似短语：how to do it what to say what to do where to go 3)if/whether(是否)引导一般疑问句意义的宾从 eg. ①.“Do you like this book?” she asked me. =She asked me ___ I liked this book. ②.“Have you visited the Great Wall?” Could you tell me? =Could you tell me _____ you have visited the Great Wall? 注意以下几点： ⅰ.区别if当作“是否”，还是“如果” eg. I don’t know if he ______ (come)if it ______(rain) tomorrow. ⅱ.用whether不用if的几种情况 1)后接不定式 eg. I can’t decide whether to go to Beijing. 2)与or / or not连用 eg. I want to know whether you will go to the park or not. 3)在句首时 eg. Whether this is true or not, I can’t say. 4)whether还可以引导让步状语从句，意为“不管，无论” eg. Whether it rains or not, we are going to the park tomorrow. 2.语序：宾从用陈述句语序 eg. 1)I don’t(A) know whether (B) will he (C) come (D) tomorrow. _____________ 2)He asks (A) me when (B) will you (C) come back(D). _____________ 3)Could you tell (A) how many players (B) are there (C)in (D) a football team? ________ 3.时态
eg. She said (that) the sun rises in the east.
名词 A组 I. 1. houses 2. villages 3. maps 4. oranges 5. bags 6. exercises 7. brushes 8. families 9. buses 10. cities 11. boxes 12. babies 13. classes 14. factories 15. glasses 16. dictionaries 17. watches 18. women 19. matches 20. men 21. wishes 22. Germans 23. tomatoes 24. policemen 25. kilos 26. humans 27. potatoes 28. Chinese 29. shelves 30. Japanese 31. leaves 32. Americans 33. lives 34. teeth 35. wives 36. feet 37. knives 38. sheep 39. halves 40. children II. 1. a group of children 2. two boxes of apples 3. three baskets of vegetables 4. nine pieces of bread 5. ten glasses of milk 6. five pieces of meat 7. many kinds of plants 8. a pair of glasses 9. two pieces of ice 10. three pieces of paper 11. four bottles of orange juice 12. five cups of tea 13. six bowls of rice 14. seven bags of rice 15. eight pieces of wood 16. nine pieces of medal
B组 IV. 1—5 AABDB 6—10 CCADB 11—15 CCBAB 16—20 DBDDA 21—25 CBBCA 26—30 BCCBA 31—35 CADCD 36—38 DCB V. 1—5 BACAA 6—10 ABADC 11—15 ACDBA 冠词 A组 I. 1. an, a 2. the, / 3. A, a 4. the, /, a 5. a 6. a 7. /, an 8. an, the 9. a, the, The 10. the, the, the, the 11. The, the 12. the, the, the 13. The , the 14. The 15. a, the 16. the 17. the, the 18. /, /, / 19. The, the 20. /, the B组 III. 1—5 DCDAC 6—10 ACBDB 11—15 CACAB 16—20 DCBBA 21—25 CBBBC 26—28 DCD 代词 A组 I. 1—5 CDCAC 6—10 DABDD 11—15 ACCAB 16—20 ABCAA 21—25 CCDDC 26—30 BAABC 31—35 BBBCA 36—40 ADDBC B组 II. 1—5 BCDDB 6—10 DCADB 11—15 BDBBB 16—20 DBADA 21—25 BCCBA 26—30 BCCAD 数词
五、参考答案 I. 1. first 2. second 3. third 4. fifth 5. eighth 6. ninth 7. twelfth 8. twentieth 9. thirty-first 10. forty-fourth 11. fifty-seventh II. 1. Lesson 12 / the Twelfth Lesson 2. Room 304 3. half an hour 4. three times a day 5. page 25 6. 1990s / the nineties of the twentieth century 7. the No.4 bus 8. The No.15 Middle School 9. the 21st century 10. two and a half kilos / two kilos and a half 11. a quarter to three 12. Book Two 13. in his fifties 14. Class Eight, Grade Two 15. ten forty-five 16. Unit 15 17. Lesson 13, Book 3 18. a third / one third 19. three hundred dollars 20. March 22nd, 1994 III. 1—5 CDADD 6—10 ADABC 11—15 BBACC IV. 1—5 CCCCB 6—10 ABBBD 11 C 1-5BDCCD 6-9 BABA
介词 一、语法选择 1-5、BCBAB 6-10、ACBAC 11-15、CAABA 16-20、ABBAC 21-25、ACBCB 26-30、BBAAA 31-35、CAACA 36-40、BCACC 41-45、CABCC 46-50、CBBCB 51-55、CABCB 55-60、BBBAC 61-65、BBCCC 66-70、AACBB 71-72、AC 动词（I）
五、参考答案 A组 I．1-5C D A A A 6-10D C D B B 11-15A D C C D 16-20 C D C B C 21-25 C C D D D 26-30 C B B C B 31-36C C A C B C B组 II．1. visited 2. has made 3. is going 4. sleeps 5. in raining 6. does 7. is leaving 8. arrived 9. were talking 10. have learned 11. had, started 12. works 13. is blowing 14. haven't finished 158. must be sent 16. had planted 17. was playing 18. see 19. has gone 20. Do, get 21. had been on 22. travels 23. has, learned 24. moves 25. would give 26. will plant/are going to plant 27. don't shout 28. could work 29. wouldn't sing 30. leaves 31. are planting 32. didn't give 33. were playing 34. would clean 35. have 36. joined 37. comes 38. thinks 39. is visiting 40. will be 41. has been 42. had begun 43. will come 44. is 45. took 46. has gone 47. do 48. doesn't rain, will plant 49. had finished 50. are swimming 51. attacked 52. practices 宾语从句
I. 1—5 BADDB 6—10 DCBAB 11—15 DAABC 16—20 DBBAA II. 1—5 DBADD 6—10 BDABC 11—15 CACAA 16—20 DDCCD 21—25 ADCCC 26—30 CCCDB 31—35 ABBDA |
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