为了使英语句子显得更加精炼,结构更加合理,在不影响句意的前提下常省略一些词。省略可分为以下几种情况。 一、在句子开头省略主语或助动词。 1。在上下文意思清楚的情况下,常将句首的冠词、物主代词、人称代词和助动词等省略。例如: (You)Listen to the teacher,please。请听老师讲。 Seen the film?(:Have you seen the film?)看电影了吗? 一What is the matter?怎么了? 一Bike is broken.(=My bike is broken.)自行车出毛病了。 2.在句意清楚的情况下,可省去动词前面的人称代词。例如: (I)Wonder what she is thinking about.不知道她在想什么。 (I)Hope to meet you again.希望再见到你。 (He)looks just like his father.看起来就像他父亲。 3.there be句型中的there也可以省略。例如: Nobody at home.(=There is nobody at home.)没人在家。 Is anybody in? ( =Is there anybody in?)有人在家吗? 4.在疑问句中,只要句意清楚,主语和助动词(如do,have,be或will)可以省略。例如: You ready?你准备好了吗? You go?你去吗? Ready? Go!预备,开始! 5.带有某种尾句的句式中常用省略。例如: Can't sing,myself.我自己不会唱歌。 American,aren’t you?你是美国人吗? 二、当用and,but和or连接两部分词语时,为了避免重复,常可以省略某些词。可以省略的词有以下几种: 1.当两个动词的主语或宾语相同时,就没有必要重复。例如: He sang and(he)danced.他唱了歌,还跳了舞。 She was rich but(she was)unhappy.她富裕,但并不快乐。 2.重复的助动词可以省略。例如: You could have come and(you could have) told me.你本来可以来告诉我的。 3.主要动词重复时可以省略。例如: Please clean my father's office and (clean)the bedroom.请打扫我父亲的办公室和卧室。 Please read the book or (read)the newspaper.请看书或报纸。 4.为了避免重复,冠词、物主代词、指示代词和其它限定词都可以省略。例如: a boy and (a)girl一个男孩和一个女孩 a boy or (a) girl 一个男孩还是一个女孩 my father and (my)mother我的父亲和母亲 5.重复出现的形容词可以省略。例如: young man and(young)woman年青的男人和女人 6.重复出现的连词和介词可以省略。例如: in China and (in)Japan在中国和日本 She was late because she got up late and (because she had) missed the train.她因为起床晚了,误了火车,所以迟到了。 三、形容词后面的某些词可省略。例如: 一What kind of coat would you like?你要什么样的上衣? 一Red(coat),please.红色的。 四、只用to而不用整个动词不定式。例如: I went to the Great Wall because I wanted to.(=...because I wanted to go there.)我去了长城,因为我想去那儿。 Would you like to go to the cinema with me? 你想和我去看电影吗? 一Yes,I’d like to.是的,我想去。 五、为了避免重复前面出现的词语,有时常常省略部分词语,而只用助动词。例如: I can’t see the film today,but I can tomorrow.(=I call see the film tomorrow.)我今天不能看那场电影,但明天能去看。 一Can I keep the book for three weeks ?这本书我可以借三周吗7 一Of course,you can't。(=you can't keep the book for three weeks.) 当然不能。 六、有时省略一个词或词组,但在省略处补了一个词进去。例如: 一Which apple would you like ?你喜欢哪一个苹果? 一The big on 一Do you think that he will come today?你认为他今天会来吗? 一Yes , I think so.(=I think he will come today.)是的,我想是这样的。 七、当句中有两个助动词时,一般可省去第二个助动词。例如: Peter hasn’t been to1d,but I have.(=I have been to1d.)没人告诉彼得,却有人告诉我了。 |
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