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初中英语语法学习要掌握一定的规律

 嘉上联盟 2011-07-31

初中英语语法学习要掌握一定的规律,根据初中语法的一些特点,找出并掌握这些规律,对于初中学生,英语难学的就是语法,因为语法条目繁多,又难记,并且很容易混淆,最后导致英语成绩不理想,初中英语语法该怎么学呢?

学语法,只要遵循其中的一些应变规律,做个学习英语的有心人,把复杂多变的初中英语语法逐渐变的简单化,并且要再学习过程中掌握一些属于自己的技巧搭配,下面介绍下初中英语语法的一些小规律;
 
一、非谓语动词
“非谓语动词”可分为动词不定式、动名词和分词。

它在句子中的作用很多:除了不作谓语外,它可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语与复合宾语(主语补语或宾语补语)。有些及物动词后面接不带to的不定式作复合宾语。

这些动词归纳如下:一感(feel).二听(hearlisten to),三让(have1et make),四看(seewatchnoticeobserve)。再加上help somebody(to)do somethinglook at somebody do something。还有“二让”属特殊:get somebody to do something keep somebody doing

而有些及物动词后面接动名词 (the -ing form)作宾语。这些动词归纳为一句话:Papa C makes friends。这是由如下动词的开头字母组成:permitadvise, practise, avoid, consider, mind, allow, keep, enjoy, suggest, finishriskimagine, escape, need, delay, stand(忍受)

为了容易记住,也可以编成顺口溜:“允许完成练习,建议避免冒险,考虑延期逃跑,喜欢保持想象,需要反对忍受”。其相对应的动词依次是:permit/allow, finish, practise ; advise/suggest avoidrisk, consider, delay, escape/miss, enjoy/appreciate, keep, imagine; need/want/require, mind, cant help/cant stand

二、复合句
1
、学生最容易混淆的是定语从句与同位语从句的区别。
例如:AThe news that our team has won the match is true (同位语从句)
B
The news that he told us surprised everybody here (定语从句
)
关键的区别在于连接或关系代词that:有意义的是定语,无意义的是同位。因为引导定语从句的that在从句中作主语或宾语,而引导同位语从句的that只起到连接词的作用。

2
、接着容易混淆的是引导定语从句的关系代词that whichthat之前是不定(代词)、序数()(形容词)最高级:which之前是介词短语与逗号(非限制性)
例如:AAll that we have to do is to practise every day
B
The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten
C
I have lost my penwhich I like very much.
D
The house in front of which there is a garden is my home

三、It的用法

1It除了代替人和物以外,还可以作形式主语。而真正的主语(不定式、动名词或从句)则放于谓语或表语之后。
例如:It is nor easy to finish the work in two days.
然而有少数表语之后接动名词作真正的主语。这些表语是:无助(no help)、无用(no use)、没好处(no good);工作(hard work)、费时(a waste of time)、且危险(a danger)

例如:AIt is no use crying over spilt milk.
B
It is a waste of time waiting for him

2It还可以作形式宾语。通常下列动词后面可接it作形式宾语:2f2tcjm (findfeel ,think , take, considerjudge, make)
例如:AHe made it clear that he was not interested in this subject
B
I think it no use arguing with him.

3It用于强调句式。要强调句子的某一部分(主语、宾语、状语),可以把it当作先行词。这种句子的结构是:It is(was)+ 被强调部分+that(who)+句子的其余部分。
例如:AIt is Professor Lin who teaches us English(强调主语)
B
It was in Shanghai that l saw the film.(强调状语
)
C
It was in 1990 that I worked in the factory(同上
)
但要注意与定语从句的区别。

例如:DIt was 1990 when I worked in the factory(定语从句)
我们去掉强调结构It is (was) that,句子意义很完整。它就是强调句。反之,就是定语从句。如例句C。而例句D就不能。

四、倒装结构
学生容易混淆的是全部倒装与部分倒装。如何区分之,编个顺口溜:副(adv.)(prep)提前全倒装,其它句式部分倒;否定提前倒助动,让步状语倒表语;复合句式倒主句,不倒装的属特殊。下面举例说明:
A
Here comes the bus(副词提前,全倒装)
B
Here he comes.(代词作主语,不倒装
)
C
In front of the house lies a garden.(介词短语提前,全倒装
)
D
Never shall I do this again.(否定词提前,部分倒装
)
E
Young as he is ,he knows a lot.(让步状语从句,表语倒装
)
F
Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in(only 修饰状语,主句倒装
)
G
Only he can save the patient.(only修饰主语.不倒装
)
       H
Not only will help be given to people, but also medical treatment will be provided.(否定词提前,部分倒装
)
I
Not only he but also we like sports.(连接两个主语,不倒装)

五、虚拟语气
虚拟语气也是一个难点。所谓虚拟语气是表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议,而不表示客观存在的事实。它通过句子的谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。现归纳如下:纯假设,用虚拟,动词时态退一级:条件句,分主从,主句谓语前加would (should, couldmight);表愿望,用虚拟,wish后面接宾语(从句):现在过去与将来,动词时态退一级:提建议,用虚拟,宾语(从句)动词用 (should)do:俩建议,三要求,再加坚持与命令(suggest, advise, demand, require, request, Insist, order)It is timewould rather,后接丛句用虚拟:部分主语从句中,谓语用虚拟结构 (It is
necessary /important/natural/natural/strange/strange that
……should do)。 下面举例说明:

A
If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting. (条件句虚拟)
B
Without air, there would be no living things.(同上
)
C
We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.(表示愿望虚拟
)
D
He demanded that we (should)start right away.(表示建议虚拟
)
E
It is(high)time that we left (should leave)now(特殊从句虚拟
)
F
I would rather you gave me the book(同上)

GIt is necessary that we should clean the room everyday(主语从句虚拟)
H
He speaks English so fluently as if he were English (特殊从句虚拟)

这些是几个总结出来的初中英语语法的一些小规律,希望大家可以从中参考,并且掌握一套属于自己的,容易记忆、联想的方法。语法都是从人与人的语言沟通实践中逐渐总结完善起来的,要学会在学习过程中找到所学点的规律,提高了英语的学习效率,特别在英语学习中,更加要多实践,多讲英语,出现错误才好及时解决,有利于巩固所学知识。

 

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