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Vegetarianism就『素』最好

 cntic 2011-10-05
Vegetarianism就『素』最好
by Owen Mckimm

Could you eliminate meat from your diet?
你有办法将肉类从饮食中剔除吗?

Succulent sausages, juicy steaks, and tender chicken legs—could you give all these tasty treats up? More and more people in the US are doing just that. There are millions more vegetarians in the US now than there were a decade ago, and the number just keeps _(1)_. Why have so many made the _(2)_ from being carnivores to veggies?
The biggest reason is an increasing objection to killing animals. More than half a million animals are killed for meat every hour in the US alone, and many people consider this _(3)_ and wasteful. Facebook's creator and one of vegetarianism's latest converts, Mark Zuckerberg, has recently _(4)_ to eat only animals that he's killed himself in order to show new respect for animal life.
Since the world is going _(5)_, vegetarians have become the new poster children for saving the environment. Land that is used for farming sheep and cows now could be used far more _(6)_ to grow important crops like wheat. It is _(7)_ that the meat industry produces even more greenhouse gases than all the traffic in the world combined.
While giving up meat may be good news for the planet, can the same be said for the people who _(8)_ cut meat from their diets? According to most medical studies, the answer is yes. Vegetarians enjoy healthier hearts, a lower _(9)_ of cancer and diabetes, and lower cholesterol. In fact, former world-class athlete Carl Lewis, who won nine Olympic gold medals in track and field, claims that his best year of _(10)_ went hand in hand with his decision to start eating a vegan diet. One thing is for certain—when World Vegetarian Day comes around on October 1, there will be more people advocating going veggie than ever before.

(A) cruel (B) risk (C) green (D) leap (E) competing (F) completely (G) pledged (H) growing (I) estimated (J) productively


 

1. There are millions more vegetarians in the US now than there were a decade ago, and the number just keeps growing. 理由:
a. 空格前有动词 keeps,keep 有下列不同用法∶
表『保留,持有』时∶接名词或代名词作受词
例: You may keep the change.
(零钱你留著吧。)
表『保持』时∶接形容词作主词补语
例: Keep quiet, please.
(请保持安静。)
表『继续』时∶接现在分词,表进行的状态
例: Keep working hard, and you'll be successful one day.
(继续努力,那麽有朝一日你就会成功。)
b. 符合上述的选项有 (A) cruel(残忍的)、(B) risk(危险;风险)、(C) green(绿色的)、(D) leap(转变;跳跃)、(E) competing
(竞争)和 (H) growing(增加;成长),惟 growing 置入後符合语意,故选 (H)。

2. Why have so many made the leap from being carnivores to veggies? 理由:
a. 空格前有定冠词 the,可知空格内应置入名词。
b. 符合上述的选项有 (B) risk(危险;风险)、(C) green(绿色)和 (D) leap(转变;跳跃),惟 leap 置入後符合语意,故选 (D)。
c. leap n. 转变;跳跃
by leaps and bounds突飞猛进地;迅速地
例: My little sister has grown by leaps and bounds over the past year.
(我家小妹过去 1 年来长得很快。)

3. More than half a million animals are killed for meat every hour in the US alone, and many people consider this cruel and wasteful. 理由:
a. 空格之前有动词 consider(认为)以及受词 this(这件事),後有对等连接词 and 和形容词 wasteful(浪费的),可知空格应置入形容词。
b. 符合上述的选项有 (A) cruel(残忍的)和 (C) green(环保的;绿色的),惟 cruel 置入後符合语意,故选 (A)。
c. cruel a. 残忍的,残酷的

4. Facebook's creator..., Mark Zuckerberg, has recently pledged to eat only animals that he's killed himself in order to show new respect for animal life. 理由:
a. 空格前有现在完成式助动词 has,後有不定词片语 to eat only animals(只吃动物),可知空格内应置入及物动词或片语及物动词的过去分词。
b. 符合上述的选项有 (G) pledged(承诺)和 (I) estimated(估计),惟 pledged 置入後符合语意,故选 (G)。
c. pledge vt. 承诺,允诺
pledge to V承诺……
例: The rich man pledged to give all of his money to charity when he dies.
(那名有钱人承诺死後将所有财产捐给慈善机构。)

5. Since the world is going green, vegetarians have become the new poster children for saving the environment. 理由:
a. 空格前有不完全不及物动词 is going(正变得),可知空格内应置入形容词或分词。
b. 符合上述的选项有 (C) green(环保的)、(E) competing(竞争)和 (I) estimated(估计),然仅 green 置入後符合语意,故选 (C)。
c. green a. 环保的;绿色的
go green绿化,(从事)环保
例: The country has developed new sources of green energy.
(该国已发展出新的绿能资源。)

6. Land that is used for farming sheep and cows now could be used far more productively to grow important crops like wheat. 理由:
a. 空格前有动词 be used(被使用)和表比较级的 more,可知空格内应置入副词。
b. 符合上述的选项有 (F) completely(彻底地,完全地)和 (J) productively(有生产力地),惟 productively 置入後符合语意,故选 (J)。
c. productively adv. 有生产力地;有成效地
例: When Kathy studies, she uses her time productively.
(凯西念书时会很有效地利用时间。)

7. It is estimated that the meat industry produces even more greenhouse gases than all the traffic in the world combined.理由:
a. 空格前有虚主词 It 和 be 动词 is,後有 that 引导的名词子句作真主词,可知空格内应置入形容词或过去分词。
b. 符合上述的选项仅有 (I) estimated(被估计),置入後亦符合语意,并形成下列固定用法∶
It is estimated + that 子句据估计……
estimate vt. 估计
例: It is estimated that 1,000 people will be at the concert.
(估计有 1 千人会来参加这场音乐会。)
c. 根据上述,故选 (I)。

8. While giving up meat may be good news for the planet, can the same be said for the people who completely cut meat from their diets?理由:
a. 空格位於句构完整的形容词子句内,可知空格内应置入副词来修饰动词 cut(削减)。
b. 符合上述的选项仅剩 (F) completely(彻底地,完全地),置入後亦符合语意,故选 (F)。
c. completely adv. 彻底地,完全地
= totally adv.
例: Maggie was mad at her boyfriend because he completely forgot about her birthday.
(梅姬很气她男友,因为他完全忘记她的生日。)

9. Vegetarians enjoy healthier hearts, a lower risk of cancer and diabetes, and lower cholesterol.理由:
a. 空格前有不定冠词 a 和比较级形容词 lower(较低的),後有介词 of,可知空格内应置入单数可数名词。
b. 符合上述的选项仅有 (B) risk(危险;风险),置入後亦符合语意,故选 (B)。
c. risk n. 危险;风险
increase/reduce the/one's risk of...增加 减少(某人)……的风险
例: Consuming too much fat increases one's risk of heart disease.
(摄取过量的脂肪会增加心脏疾病的风险。)

10. In fact, former world-class athlete Carl Lewis...claims that his best year of competing went hand in hand with his decision to start eating a vegan diet.理由:
a. 空格前有介词 of,可知空格内应置入名词或动名词。
b. 符合上述的选项仅有 (E) competing(竞争),置入後亦符合语意,故选 (E)。
c. compete vi. 竞争
例: Andy competed with Jim for Mary's love and attention.
(安迪和吉姆竞相争取玛丽的芳心与注意。)

  1. give...up/give up...放弃 戒除……
    例: You shouldn't give up your dream just because of a few minor setbacks.
    (你不应该只因为一点小挫折就放弃梦想。)
  2. increasing a. 不断增加的
    例: An increasing number of people suffer from insomnia.
    (有越来越多人受失眠所苦。)
  3. objection n. 反对
    例: Linda's proposal has met with strong objections from her colleagues.
    (琳达的提案遭到同事强烈反对。)
  4. convert n. 改变信仰者 & vi. 改变信仰,皈依
    convert to + 宗教改信 某宗教
    例: Harry converted to Catholicism before marrying his wife.
    (哈利与他太太结婚前改信天主教。)
  5. show respect for...对……表示敬意 尊重
    例: In my opinion, the best way to show respect for others is to listen to what they have to say.
    (依我之见,对别人表示尊重的最佳方式就是倾听他们所要说的话。
  6. combine vt. 结合
    combine A with/and B结合 A 与 B
    例: It is impossible to combine oil with water because they don't mix.
    (要结合油和水是不可能的,因为它们无法融合。)
  7. claim + that 子句宣称……
    例: Rita claims that she was once kidnapped by aliens.
    (丽塔宣称她曾遭外星人绑架。)
  8. go hand in hand with...和……密切相关
    例: Good health goes hand in hand with regular exercise and a balanced diet.
    (健康与规律运动和均衡饮食是密不可分的。)
  9. come around(节日等)再度来到,降临
    例: My birthday seems to come around quicker every year.
    (我的生日似乎一年来得比一年快了。)
  10. advocate vt. 提倡,倡导
    例: This group advocates the killing of stray dogs.
    (该团体提倡扑杀流浪狗。)

1. vegetarianism n. 素食主义
2. succulent a. 美味多汁的
3. sausage n. 香肠
4. juicy a. 多汁的
5. steak n. 牛排
6. tender a. 嫩的
7. tasty a. 美味的
8. vegetarian n. 素食者(= veggie)& a. 吃素的,素食的
9. carnivore n. 肉食动物
10. alone a. 仅仅,光是(作後位修饰)
11. wasteful a. 浪费的
12. poster child n. 典范,范例
13. farm vt. 养殖;种植
14. crop n. 农作物
15. greenhouse gas n. 温室气体(指能引起温室效应的气体,如二氧化碳、甲烷等)
16. diet n. 饮食
17. diabetes n. 糖尿病
18. cholesterol n. 胆固醇
19. former a. 以前的,从前的
20. medal n. 奖牌;勋章
a gold/silver/bronze medal金牌 银牌 铜牌
21. track and field n. 田径运动
22. vegan a. 严守素食主义的 & n. 严守素食主义者

* for certain确定
= for sure


就『素』最好
你有办法将肉类从饮食中剔除吗?
美味的香肠、多汁的牛排和软嫩的鸡腿──你能放弃这所有的美食吗?越来越多美国人正这麽做。美国现在的素食者比 10 年前多了数百万名,而且人数还持续增加。为何有这麽多人要从肉食者转成素食者?
最主要的原因是杀害动物的反对声浪不断升高。光在美国,每小时就有超过 50 万头牲畜被宰杀成为盘中飧,许多人认为这既残忍又浪费。Facebook 的创办人、同时也是最近投向素食主义怀抱的马克·查克柏格,近日承诺他只会食用自己宰杀的动物,藉以表达对动物生命有别以往的尊重态度。
由於全世界越来越注重环保,素食者俨然成为拯救环境的新典范。把现在用来养殖牛羊的土地拿来种植像是小麦等重要作物,可以生产更多的粮食。据估计,肉品产业所制造的二氧化碳,比全世界运输业二氧化碳的总排放量高出许多。
虽然放弃吃肉对地球可能是件好事,但对於将肉类彻底从饮食中剔除的人来说也同样具有益处吗?根据大部分的医学研究,答案是肯定的。素食者的心脏较为健康,罹患癌症和糖尿病的机率较低,且体内的胆固醇也较低。事实上,前世界顶尖运动员、赢得 9 面奥运田径项目金牌的卡尔·路易斯宣称,他最具竞争力的黄金时期和他开始严守素食饮食的决定密切相关。可以确定的是,随著 10 月 1 日『世界素食日』的到来,会有比以往为数更多的人提倡素食主义。

答案∶ 1. (H) 2. (D) 3. (A) 4. (G) 5. (C) 6. (J) 7. (I) 8. (F) 9. (B) 10. (E)

《For Your Information》
Facebook 创办人马克·查克柏格每年都为自己订下自我挑战的目标,继前年学中文、去年每日打领带後,今年的挑战是只吃亲手宰杀动物的肉,令自己吃得更负责任。由於饮食习惯改变了,查克柏格现在基本上成了素食者,但他强调自己不反对吃肉,只是他在吃肉前,须清楚知道那苹被宰的动物来自何处,并由他下手宰杀。
他接受美国《财富》杂访问时说∶『很多人已忘记,你能吃肉,是因为有生物为你而死。所以我的挑战目标,是令自己不要忘记这一点,并为所拥有的一切感恩。每日都吃著好东西,很容易令我们感到理所当然。』
令查克柏格有这项挑战念头的,是去年他家中一次朋友聚会。当时食物中包括一苹烧猪,他的朋友都说,他们爱吃猪,却不会去想那苹猪原本是活生生的。他听到後觉得这种想法不负责任,启发了他决定只吃自己宰杀的动物。(资料来源∶苹果日报)

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