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一项新研究发现，创伤事件后短时间内注射甾体激素可以降低受害人发展为创伤后精神障碍的风险。 In the study, which involved 17 trauma patients, those who received injections of the steroid hormone cortisol within six hours of their injury were significantly less likely than those not given injections to develop PTSD several months later, the researchers said. 研究者称，该研究包括17名创伤患者，均于创伤后6小时内接受甾体激素皮质醇注射，相对于未注射者发展为创伤后精神障碍的可能性较小。 The findings suggest there may be a "window of opportunity" immediately following a trauma during which action can be taken to prevent PTSD, said the researchers, who are now conducting a wider study. 研究者认为，研究结果显示，创伤后短时间内可能存在一个“机遇之窗”，在这段时间内采取一定措施可以预防创伤后精神障碍。研究者现在正在进行扩大的研究。 "One can think about it as the morning-after pill for PTSD," said study researcher Joseph Zohar of Tel Aviv University in Israel. Doctors call such precautions that are taken after the fact, such as the contraceptive pill ingested after sex, "secondary prevention." “大家可以把它想象成创伤后精神障碍的宿醉片，”以色列特拉维夫大学的研究者Joseph Zohar 说。医生称这种事后采取的紧急措施为“二级预防”，正如性交后服用紧急避孕药。 If the findings are confirmed, "this will be the first time that there is secondary prevention in psychiatry," Zohar said. 如果结果被证实，“这将是精神病学上首个二级预防，”Zohar 说。 The study will be published in the October issue of the journal European Neuropsychopharmacology. 研究结果将发表于欧洲神经精神药理学杂志10月刊。 PTSD and cortisol 创伤后精神障碍及皮质醇 When people experience stress or anxiety, the body responds by releasing stress hormones, including cortisol. In the new study, Zohar and colleagues tried to mimic the natural response of the body by administering hydrocortisone, the pharmaceutical form of cortisol. 当人们体验紧张或焦虑时，机体反馈性释放应激性激素，包括皮质醇。在新的研究中，Zohar及其同事试图通过给予皮质醇的药用制剂——氢化可的松，模拟自然情况下机体的反应。 The study involved patients who visited an emergency department after traumatic events, including car crashes and work-related accidents. Participants were randomly assigned to receive a single shot of hydrocortisone or a placebo. 研究中的患者就为创伤后就诊于急诊科的患者，包括发生车祸及工伤者。参与者随机分组接受单剂量氢化可的松或安慰剂注射。 After three months, three of the eight patients in the placebo group were diagnosed with PTSD. After one month, one person who received hydrocortisone showed signs PTSD, and after three months, no one in the hydrocortisone group did. 三个月后，安慰机组8人中有3人确诊为创伤后精神障碍。一个月后，氢化可的松给药组1人出现创伤后精神障碍的症状，三个月后，给药组无人确诊为创伤后精神障碍。 Because the participants in the study had been in accidents of everyday life, it's unclear whether a shot of hydrocortisone would have the same effect on someone who experienced a different type of trauma, such as one related to combat, Zohar said. Zohar说，由于研究参与者均为日常生活中出现意外，目前单剂量氢化可的松对其他类型创伤，比如打斗创伤，是否有相同的作用尚不明确。 Preventing bad memories 避免痛苦的记忆 It's possible people who are predisposed to PTSD have abnormalities in the way their brains release cortisol, Zohar said. By injecting hydrocortisone, the researches may be augmenting the stress response and thus helping to prevent PTSD. Zohar说，易于诱发创伤后精神障碍者可能大脑皮质醇释放存在异常。通过氢化可的松注射可以扩大应激反应，因此有助于预防创伤后精神障碍。 Cortisol also may act to prevent the formation of memories, Zohar said. Zohar说，皮质醇还可影响记忆的形成。 For people with PTSD, "the past is always present," Zohar said. "The individuals are haunted by their traumatic experience." Administering cortisol might prevent PTSD by not allowing the complete formation of memories of a traumatic event. 对于患有创伤后精神障碍的患者，“过去即是现在，”Zohar说，“他们被创伤的经历困扰。”给予皮质醇可能通过抑制创伤事件完整记忆的形成以预防创伤后精神障碍。 Zohar said he and his colleagues are now carrying out a larger trial using hydrocortisone on trauma victims. Zohar说他和他的同事目前正进行一项将氢化可的松用于创伤受害者的大型试验。 |
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