分享

a和an的用法

 越秀区桂花岗 2011-10-31

a用在以辅音字母开头,或以读做辅音的元音字母开头的单词前面:

 

a man一个男人

 

a university一所大学

 

a hat一顶帽子

 

a European一个欧洲人

 

a one-way street一条单行马路

 

an用在以元音字母(aeiou)开头,或以不发音的h字母开头的单词前面:

 

an apple一个苹果

 

an island一个岛

 

an uncle一位大叔

 

an onion一个洋葱

 

an egg一个鸡蛋

 

an hour一小时

 

an还用在发音以元音开头的单个字母前面:

 

an Lplate一块“实习驾驶”车牌

 

an MP一个国会议员

 

an SOS一个呼救信号

 

anx’一个x字母、X形的东西或未知数

 

aan没有性的变化:

 

a man一个男人

 

a woman一个女人

 

an actor一个男演员

 

an actress一个女演员

 

a table一张桌子

aan不用在以下几种情况下:

 

A 复数名词之前:

 

aan没有复数形式,所以a dog的复数是dogsan egg的复数是eggs

 

B 不可数名词之前(参见第13节):

 

C 三餐名称之前,但这些名称前加形容词时除外:

 

We have breakfast at eight

 

我们8点钟吃早饭。

 

He gave us a good breakfast

 

他请我们吃了一顿丰盛的早餐。

 

为了庆祝某事或特意为某人而举行的宴会之前要用冠词:

 

I was invited to dinnerat their house in the ordinary way).

 

他们邀请我吃饭(在他们家吃便饭)。

 

但是说:

 

I was invited to a dinner given to welcome the new ambassador

 

我被邀请参加欢迎新任大使的宴会。

A aanone(形容词)

 

1  计算时间、测量距离或重量等时,aanone可以用于单数的前面:

 

l=aone pound一英镑

 

1000000 aone million pounds 100万英镑

 

(参见第三十六章。)

 

但是,请注意:

 

The rent is 100 a week

 

房租为每星期100英镑。

 

这个句子中week前面的a不能用one代替。(参见第2F。)

 

在其他类型的陈述句中aanone通常不能互换,因为one+名词通常意为 one onlynot more than one(只有一个),而aan则没有这个意思:

 

A shotgun is no good

 

猎枪不行。(这种武器不合适。)

 

One shotgun is no good

 

一枝猎枪不行。(我需要两枝或三枝。)

 

2 one的特殊用法

 

a one(形容词/代词)与 anotherothers对照连用:

 

Oneboywanted to readanotherothers wanted to watch TV.一个(男孩)想看书,另一个/别的男孩们想看电视。(参见第53节。)

 

One day he wanted his lunch early another day he wanted it late

 

他一天要早点吃午饭,另一天又要晚点吃午饭。

 

b one可以用在 dayweekmonthyearsummerwinter等词之前,或者用在日期或月份的名称之前,以特指某事发生的时间:

 

One night there was a terrible storm

 

一天晚上有一场特大的风暴。

 

One winter the snow fell early

 

有一年冬天雪下得早。

 

On e day a telgram arrived

 

有一天来了一封电报。

 

c one day也可用来表示 at some future date(将来有一天):One day youll be sorry you treated him so badly.(这里也可用someday。)

 

终有一天你会因为待他这么不好而后悔的。

 

(关于oneyou,参见第68节。)

 

B aanone(代词)

 

one是可以用来代替aan的相应的代词形式:

 

-Did you get a ticket

 

-YesI managed to get one

 

-你搞到票了吗?

 

-是的,我设法搞到了一张。

 

具有这种用法的one的复数形式是some

 

-Did you get tickets

 

-YesI managed to get some

 

-你搞到票了吗?

 

-是的,我设法搞了几张。

1.(个,件,…)

 

  He had a book under his arm.他手臂下夹着一本书。

 

  He was a boy from a poor home. 他是来自穷苦家庭的孩子。

 

  I saw a girl watering the flowers. 我看见一个女孩在浇花。

 

  Anna had a boy friend named James. 安娜有个男朋友名叫詹姆斯。

 

  He arrived half an hour ago. 他是半小时前到达的。

 

  He is an able man. 他是一个能干的人。

 

  Give him an inch and he will take a mile. 他会得寸进尺。

 

  The book is based on an actual case. 这书是根据一个实际案例写的。

 

  He decided to put an advertisement in the newspapers. 他决定在报上登一份广告。

 

  2.任何…都:

 

  A bird has wings. 鸟有翅膀。

 

  A square has four sides. 正方形有四条边。

 

  A dog is an animal. 狗是动物。

 

  3.()

 

  He comes home once a week. 他每周回一次家。

 

  The doctor told him to bathe his eyes twice a day. 医生让他每天洗两次眼睛。

 

  The ducks were force-fed several times a day. 这种鸭子每天强行喂食好几次。

 

  4.某,某一个:

 

  A Mr. Black just came to see you. 刚才一个叫布莱克先生的人来看你。

 

  The house next door has been bought by a Mr Jones. 隔壁的房子被一个叫琼斯的先生的人买下了。

 

  【考点说明】

 

  1. a 还是用an:一般说来,在辅音或半元音开头的词前用a,而在元音开头的词前用an。注意:有些以元音字母开头的单词,由于第一个音不是元音而是辅音,其前仍用a而不用an

 

  2. 单数可数名词若泛指,其前需加 a / an,不要从汉语习惯出发,漏掉此不定冠词,如不能说Her father is famous film poet.(应在isa)

 

  3.不能与指示代词、物主代词、名词所有格等连用,如不说 my a good friend,可改说 a good friend of mine

 

不定冠词最基本的用途就是用来表示“一”这概念,如:

 

  A stitch in time saves nine.

  Jason is an internationally known scholar.

 

  此外,a/an 还有下列 6 种用途:

 

  一常和timemeasurement等有关的名词连用,以表示“每—” 的概念,如:

 

  I teach five days a week.

  This type of vegetables is sold at one dollar a kilo.

  My car usually runs sixty kilometres an hour.

 

  二常和 hundred, thousand, dozen 以及数目及数量连用,如:

 

  That factory turns out at least a hundred tyres a day.

  Noel's monthly salary is a thousand dollars.

  I have a number of sponsored students.

  Mary has a lot of money.

 

  三在“of / at”后面出现,以表示“同一类”这概念,如:

 

  Birds of a feather flock together.

  11. Please come one at a time.

  12. Things of a kind come together, so do people of a mind.

 

  四常在“rather, quite, many, half, what, such”等字后面出现,形成固定用法,如:

 

  13. Tom is rather a fool.

  14. I think Chinese is quite a useful language.

  15. Many a student has asked that question.

  16. The visitor left half an hour ago.

  17. What a fine day it is!

  18. How can you say such a thing?

 

  五用在“so, as, too, how +形容词”这些结构里,如:

 

  19. We have not had so hot a day before.

  20. Susan is as clever a girl as Anna.

  21. That is too difficult a book for beginners.

  22. No one knew how serious a problem it was until later.

 

  六出现在许多惯用语中,如:

 

  23. Bob always has a bone to pick with others.

  24. Some students turned a deaf ear to the teacher's advice.

  25. All must learn a language with an eye to mastering it.

  26. I hope you will make an effort to attend the meeting punctually.

  27. Jason has an aversion to being idle.

  28. The news of Jack's sudden resignation came as a bolt from the blue

    本站是提供个人知识管理的网络存储空间,所有内容均由用户发布,不代表本站观点。请注意甄别内容中的联系方式、诱导购买等信息,谨防诈骗。如发现有害或侵权内容,请点击一键举报。
    转藏 分享 献花(0

    0条评论

    发表

    请遵守用户 评论公约

    类似文章 更多