1.葡聚糖凝胶的某些技术数据
种类
|
干颗粒直径(μ)
|
分子量分级范围
|
床体积毫升/克干分子筛
|
得水值
|
溶胀最少平衡时间(h) |
柱头压力(kPa)(2.5cm直径柱)
|
肽及球形蛋白质 |
葡聚糖(线性分子) |
室温 |
沸水浴 |
Sephadex G-10 |
40~ 120 |
~700 |
~700 |
2~ 3 |
1.0±0.1 |
3 |
1 |
|
Sephadex G-10 |
40~ 120 |
~1500 |
1500 |
2.5~3.5 |
1.5±3.5 |
3 |
1 |
|
Sephadex G-25 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
粗级 |
100~300
(≈5~100目) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
中级 |
50~150
(≈100~200目) |
1,000~
5,000 |
100~
5,000 |
4~6
|
1.5±0.2
|
6
|
2
|
|
细级 |
20~800(≈200~400目) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
超细 |
10~40 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sephadex G-50 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
粗级 |
100~200 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
中级 |
50~150 |
1,500~ |
500~ |
|
|
|
|
|
细级 |
20~80 |
30,000 |
10,000 |
9~11 |
5.0±0.3 |
6 |
2 |
|
超细 |
10~40 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sephadex G-75 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
40~120 |
3,000~ |
1,000~ |
|
|
|
|
|
超细 |
10~40 |
70,000 |
950,000 |
12~15 |
7.5±0.5 |
24 |
3 |
3.92~15.86 |
Sephadex G-100 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
40~120 |
4,000~ |
1,000~ |
|
|
|
|
|
超细 |
10~40 |
1,500,000 |
150,000 |
15~20 |
10.0±1.0 |
48 |
5 |
2.35~9.41 |
Sephadex G-150 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
40~120 |
5,000~ |
1,000~ |
20~30 |
|
|
|
|
超细 |
10~40 |
400,000 |
150,000 |
18~22 |
15.0±1.5 |
72 |
5 |
0.88~3.53 |
Sephadex G-200 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
40~120 |
5000~ |
1000~ |
30~40 |
|
|
|
|
|
10~40 |
800,000 |
200,000 |
20~25 |
20.0±2.0 |
72 |
5 |
0.39~1.57 |
2.聚丙烯酰胺凝胶的技术数据
型号 |
排阻的下限
(分子量) |
分级分离范围
(分子量) |
膨胀后的床体积(ml/g干凝胶) |
膨胀所需最少时间(室温,h) |
Bio-gel-P-2 |
1,600 |
200~2,000 |
3.8 |
2~4 |
Bio-gel-P-4 |
3,600 |
500~4,000 |
5.8 |
2~4 |
Bio-gel-P-6 |
4,600 |
1,000~5,000 |
8.8 |
2~4 |
Bio-gel-P-10 |
10,000 |
5,000~17,000 |
12.4 |
2~4 |
Bio-gel-P-30 |
30,000 |
20,000~50,000 |
14.9 |
10~12 |
Bio-gel-P-60 |
60,000 |
30,000~70,000 |
19.0 |
10~12 |
Bio-gel-P-100 |
100,000 |
40,000~100,000 |
19.0 |
24 |
Bio-gel-P-150 |
150,000 |
50,000~150,000 |
24.0 |
24 |
Bio-gel-P-200 |
200,000 |
80,000~200,000 |
34.0 |
48 |
Bio-gel-P-300 |
300,000 |
100~400,000 |
40.0 |
48 |
3.琼脂糖凝胶的技术数据
型号 |
琼脂糖含量
%(W/W) |
排阻的下限
(分子量) |
分级分离的范围(分子量) |
生产厂家 |
Sepharose 4B |
4 |
|
0.3×106~3×106 |
Pharmacia |
Sepharose 2B |
2 |
|
2×106~25×106 |
Sagavac 10 |
10 |
2.5×105 |
1×104~2.5×105 |
Seravac
|
Sagavac 8 |
8 |
7×105 |
2.5×104~7×105 |
Sagavac 6 |
6 |
2×106 |
5×104~2×106 |
Sagavac 4 |
4 |
15×106 |
2×105~15×106 |
Sagavac 2 |
2 |
150×106 |
5×105~15×107 |
Bio-gel A-0.5M |
10 |
0.5×106 |
<1×104~0.5×106 |
Bio-Rad
|
Bio-gel A-1.5M |
8 |
1.5×106 |
<1×104~1.5×106 |
Bio-gel A-5M |
6 |
5×106 |
1×104~5×106 |
Bio-gel A-15M |
4 |
15×106 |
4×104~15×106 |
Bio-gel A-50M |
2 |
50×106 |
1×105~50×106 |
Bio-gel A-150M |
1 |
150×106 |
1×106~150×106 |
4.各处凝胶所允许的最大操作压
凝胶 |
最大静水压(kPa) |
Sephadex |
|
G-10 |
9.8 |
G-15 |
9.8 |
G-25 |
9.8 |
G-50 |
9.8 |
G-75 |
4.9 |
5.琼脂糖凝胶浓度与线性DNA分辨范围
凝胶浓度(%) |
线性DNA长度(bp) |
0.5 |
1000~30000 |
0.7 |
800~12000 |
1.0 |
500~10000 |
1.2 |
400~7000 |
1.5 |
200~3000 |
2.0 |
50~2000 |
6.染料在变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶中的迁移速度
凝胶浓度(%) |
溴酚蓝 |
二甲苯青FF |
5.0 |
35bp |
140bp |
6.0 |
26bp |
106bp |
8.0 |
19bp |
75bp |
10.0 |
12bp |
55bp |
20.0 |
8bp |
28bp |
7.染料在非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶中的迁移速度
凝胶浓度(%) |
溴酚蓝 |
二甲苯青FF |
3.5 |
100bp |
460bp |
5.0 |
65bp |
260bp |
8.0 |
45bp |
160bp |
12.0 |
20bp |
70bp |
15.0 |
15bp |
50bp |
20.0 |
12bp |
45bp |
七、氨基酸的特性
氨基酸名称 |
三字母缩写 |
单字母缩写 |
质量 |
侧链电离的pHa值 |
结构式 |
丙氨酸(alanine) |
Ala |
A |
89.09 |
|
|
精氨酸(arginine) |
Arg |
R |
174.2 |
12.48 |
|
天冬酰氨(asparagine) |
Asn |
N |
132.1 |
|
|
天冬氨酸(aspartic acid) |
Asp |
D |
133.1 |
3.86 |
|
半胱氨酸(systeine) |
Cys |
C |
121.12 |
|
|
谷氨酰胺(glutamine) |
Gln |
Q |
146.15 |
|
|
谷氨酸(glutamic acid) |
Glu |
E |
147.13 |
4.25 |
|
甘氨酸(glycine) |
Gly |
G |
75.07 |
|
|
组氨酸(histidine) |
His |
H |
155.16 |
6.0 |
|
异亮氨酸(isoleucine) |
lle |
I |
131.17 |
|
|
亮氨酸(leucine) |
Leu |
L |
131.17 |
|
|
赖氨酸(lycine) |
Lys |
K |
146.19 |
|
|
甲硫氨酸(methionine) |
Met |
M |
149.21 |
|
|
苯丙氨酸(phenylanaline) |
Phe |
P |
165.19 |
|
|
脯氨酸(proline) |
Pro |
P |
115.13 |
|
|
丝氨酸(serine) |
Ser |
S |
105.06 |
|
|
苏氨酸(threonine) |
Thr |
T |
119.12 |
|
|
色氨酸(tryptophan) |
Trp |
W |
204.22 |
|
|
酪氨酸(tyrosine) |
Tyr |
Y |
181.19 |
10.07 |
|
缬氨酸(valine) |
Val |
P |
117.15 |
|
|
八、遗传密码
密码子的第二位
密码子的第一位(5’端) |
|
U |
C |
A |
G |
|
密码子的第三位(3端’) |
U
|
UUU |
Phe |
UCU |
Ser |
UAU |
Tyr |
UGU |
Gys |
U |
UUC |
Phe |
UCC |
Ser |
UAC |
Tyr |
UGG |
Gys |
C |
UUA |
Leu |
UCA |
Ser |
UAA |
终止(赭石) |
UGA |
终止(乳白) |
A |
UUG |
Leu |
UGG |
Ser |
UAG |
终止(琥珀) |
UGG |
Trp |
G |
C
|
CUU |
Leu |
CCU |
Pro |
CAU |
His |
CGA |
Arg |
U |
CUC |
Leu |
CCC |
Pro |
CAC |
His |
CGC |
Arg |
C |
CUA |
Leu |
CCA |
Pro |
CAA |
Gln |
CGA |
Arg |
A |
CUG |
Leu |
CCG |
Pro |
CAG |
Gln |
CGC |
Arg |
G |
A
|
AUU |
Ile |
ACU |
Thr |
AAU |
Asn |
AGU |
Ser |
U |
AUC |
Ile |
ACC |
Thr |
AAC |
Asn |
AGC |
Ser |
C |
AUA |
Ile |
ACA |
Thr |
AAA |
Lys |
AGA |
Arg |
A |
AUG |
Met |
ACG |
Thr |
AAG |
Lys |
AGC |
Arg |
G |
G
|
GUU |
Val |
GCU |
Ala |
GAU |
Asp |
GGU |
Gly |
U |
GUC |
Val |
GCC |
Ala |
GAC |
Asp |
GGC |
Gly |
C |
GUA |
Val |
GCA |
Ala |
GAA |
Glu |
GGA |
Gly |
A |
GUG |
Val |
GCG |
Ala |
GAG |
Glu |
GGG |
Gly |
G |
|