5 Fish You Should Never Eat
By David Zinczenko with Matt Goulding
Nov 14, 2011
你绝不要食用的5种鱼类
大卫.兹恩科赞克(David Zinczenko)、马特.古尔丁(Matt Goulding)供稿
2011年11月14日
If you’re over the age of 12, you’ve probably had more than a few dearly held beliefs ruined by reality. Like when you discovered it was Mom and Dad, not Santa, who were orchestrating the magic of Christmas. Or when you spent hours watching “Kim’s Fairytale Wedding” over and over again, only to learn that keeping up with this Kardashian was a waste of time. As they say, reality bites.
如果你已年满12，很可能怀有不少美好念想却都被现实撕得粉碎。比如，当你发现不是圣诞老人而是父母演奏出圣诞节的魔力。又或者，当你花好几个小时一遍遍重复观看“金的童话婚礼”(Kim's Fairytale Wedding)后，才发现要和这位卡达西安女士保持一致就是浪费时间。如同大家所说，这就是现实的创痛(reality bites)。
Well, folks, I hate to do this to you, but . . .
额，大伙儿，我厌恶这么来对待你们，但是。。。
Not all fish are good for you.
不是所有的鱼都对你们有好处。
Last year, the USDA increased its seafood recommendation to 8 ounces per week, and that has led many to believe that all fish are equally smart choices. But some are so high in contaminants like mercury that their health benefits are outweighed by their health risks. Others are flown in from halfway around the world, but given labels that make you think they were caught fresh earlier that morning. And still others are raised in filthy, overcrowed pools and loaded up with chemicals to keep them alive.
去年，美国农业部(the USDA)把海鲜的推荐食用量增加到每周8盎司，这让很多人相信所有的鱼肉都是同等明智的选择。但是，由于一些鱼类的污染物如汞等物质含量过高，它们给健康带来的好处已远远不及给健康带来的威胁。其他的鱼类绕了半个地球才运抵，但是它们身上贴有标签，让你认为它们当天早些时候刚捕获的新鲜鱼肉。养殖另外一些鱼的鱼塘充满污物、拥挤不堪，并且施用化学药品让它们存活
So let me shed light on some very rough waters. Put these fish at the top of your don't-eat list and you'll avoid most of the troubles of the world's fishing industry.
那么，让我带大家了解下背后的秘密吧。把这些鱼肉列入你不吃的名单里，你就能避免世界上捕鱼业所带来的大多数问题。
#1: ATLANTIC BLUEFIN TUNA
1. 大西洋蓝鳍金枪鱼
Why It's Bad: A recent analysis by The New York Times found that Atlantic bluefin tuna has the highest levels of mercury of any type of tuna. To top it off, bluefin tuna are severely overharvested, to the point of reaching near-extinction levels, and are considered "critically endangered" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Rather than trying to navigate the ever-changing recommendations for which tuna is best, consider giving it up altogether. But if you can't . . .
它有害的原因：纽约时报近期的一项分析发现，大西洋蓝鳍金枪鱼肉的汞金属含量位居所有金枪鱼种类之首。加之，过度捕捞蓝鳍金枪鱼的状况严重，国际自然保护联合会把它纳入“严重濒危”的范畴。推荐口味最优质的金枪鱼的评论不断变化，与其跟风，不如完全摒弃。但是，如果你做不到的话。。。
Eat This Instead: Opt for American or Canadian (but not imported!) albacore tuna, which is caught while it's young and doesn't contain as high levels of mercury.
食用它来代替吧：选择美国或加拿大（但不是进口的！）长鳍金枪鱼，这种鱼年幼时就被捕获，所以它体内的汞含量偏低。
#2: ATLANTIC SALMON (Both Wild-caught and Farmed)
2：大西洋三文鱼（野生和人工养殖）
Why It's Bad: It's actually illegal to capture wild Atlantic salmon because the fish stocks are so low, and they're low, in part, because of farmed salmon. Salmon farming is very polluting: Thousands of fish are crammed into pens, which leads to the growth of diseases and parasites that require antibiotics and pesticides. Often, the fish escape and compete with native fish for food, leading to declines in native populations.
它有害的原因：由于野生三文鱼数量很少，因此，事实上猎捕它们是违法的。它们数量少的原因一方面是因为人工养殖的三文鱼。三文鱼养殖业污染很严重：几千条鱼塞进鱼塘后，会导致病害和寄生虫的增加，就必须使用抗生素和杀虫剂。这类鱼经常在逃跑后和当地的鱼群争抢食物，因此导致当地鱼群的数量减少。
Adding to our salmon woes, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration is moving forward with approving genetically engineered salmon to be sold, unlabeled, to unsuspecting seafood lovers. That salmon would be farmed off the coast of Panama, and it's unclear how it would be labeled. Currently, all fish labeled "Atlantic salmon" come from fish farms. And, as you know if you follow me on Twitter, they're fed pellets that contain pink dye—that's how they get their color. Gross!
给我们的三文鱼遭遇雪上加霜的是，美国食品药品管理局(FDA)正在推进批准接受过基因工程的三文鱼对毫不设防的海鲜食品爱好者们贩卖，并且不加标注说明。那种三文鱼将在巴拿马海域附近进行人工养殖，它的标注方式也不太清楚。目前，所有标注“大西洋三文鱼”的鱼肉都来自人工养殖渔场。并且，如果你在“推特”上关注我，你就会知道，这些鱼被喂了含有粉色染料的小药丸--它们就是这样长成它们那种颜色的。好恶！
Eat This Instead: Opt for Wild Alaskan salmon.
取代它可食用：野生阿拉斯加三文鱼。
#3: ATLANTIC FLATFISH
Why It's Bad: This group of fish includes flounder, sole, and halibut that are caught off the Atlantic coast. They found their way onto the list because of heavy contamination and overfishing that dates back to the 1800s. According to Food and Water Watch, populations of these fish are as low as 1 percent of what's necessary to be considered sustainable for long-term fishing.
3. 大西洋比目鱼
它有害的原因：这类鱼包括在大西洋海岸捕获的比目鱼、鲳鱼以及大比目鱼。它们上榜的原因在于追溯到1800年代的的严重污染和过度捕捞问题。据美国食品和水关注组织(Food and Water Watch)，这些鱼类的数量低到只有据信为适合可持续的长期捕捞的必要数量的1%。
Eat This Instead: Pacific halibut seems to be doing well, but the group also recommends replacing these fish with other mild-flavored white-fleshed fish, such as domestically farmed catfish or tilapia.
取代它可食用：太平洋大比目鱼似乎不错，但是该组织还推荐食用其他淡味白肉的鱼类来取代食用这些鱼肉，比如人工养殖的鲶鱼或罗非鱼。
#4: IMPORTED KING CRAB
4. 进口帝王蟹
Why It's Bad: The biggest problem with imported crab is that most of it comes from Russia, where limits on fish harvests aren't strongly enforced. But this crab also suffers from something of an identity crisis: Imported king crab is often misnamed Alaskan king crab, because most people think that's the name of the crab. And supermarkets often add to the confusion by labeling imported king crab "Alaskan King Crab, Imported." But Alaskan king crab—crab that actually hails from the great state of Alaska—is a completely separate animal and is much more responsibly harvested than the imported stuff.
它有害的原因：进口蟹类最大的问题在于它大多数来自俄罗斯，针对渔业捕捞的限制在那里执行的并不严。但这种蟹类也遭受了类似于身份危机的问题: 由于大多数人认为阿拉斯加帝王蟹就是这种螃蟹的名字，进口帝王蟹通常被这样误称。同时，超市给进口帝王蟹打上“阿拉斯加帝王蟹，进口”的标签，通常又加深了这种误解。可阿拉斯加帝王蟹指的是实际上来自广袤的阿拉斯加州的蟹类，是另外一种不相干的动物，捕捞它也比捕捞进口货的态度负责任得多。
Eat This Instead: When you shop for king crab, whatever the label says, ask whether it comes from Alaska or if it's imported. Approximately 70 percent of the king crab sold in the U.S. is imported, so it's important to make that distinction and go domestic.
取代它可食用：你在购买帝王蟹时，无论标签上怎么写，询问下它来自阿拉斯加州还是进口的。美国境内销售的这种帝王蟹约有70%都是进口的，所以把它们区分开后买国产货是很重要的。
#5 IMPORTED SHRIMP
5. 进口泰德虾
Why It's Bad: Imported shrimp actually holds the designation of being the dirtiest of all the seafood we looked at. (For our full list, check out 12 Fish You Should Never Eat.) Problem is, 90 percent of shrimp sold in the U.S. is imported. Imported farmed shrimp comes with a whole bevy of contaminants including antibiotics, residues from chemicals used to clean pens, E. coli, mouse hair, rat hair, and pieces of insects. Yum! Part of this has to do with the fact that less than 2 percent of all imported seafood (shrimp, crab, catfish, or others) gets inspected before its sold, which is why it's that much more important to buy domestic seafood.
它有害的理由：实际上，进口虾类就是我们见过的最肮脏的海鲜食品的代称。（完整名单请查阅 你绝不要食用的12种鱼类）问题是，美国境内贩售的90%的虾均为进口虾。进口的养殖虾带着周身的污染物而来，包括航胜诉、清洁围栏的化学制剂残留、大肠杆菌、老鼠毛(mouse hair)、老鼠毛(rat hair)以及一截截昆虫。美味呀！这种情况的部分原因是，所有进口海鲜（虾、蟹、鲶鱼或其他品种）进行贩售前，只有不到2%接受了检查，这也是购买国产（译者注：指美国本国生产）海鲜更重要的原因。
Eat This Instead: Domestic shrimp. Seventy percent of domestic shrimp comes from the Gulf of Mexico, which relies heavily on shrimp for economic reasons. Pink shrimp from Oregon are another good choice; the fisheries there are certified under the stringent Marine Stewardship Council guidelines.
取代它可食用：国产虾。70%的国产虾产自墨西哥湾，出于经济因素，当地对虾有很强的依赖性。产自俄勒冈州的粉色虾是另一个不错的选择；那里的鱼类捕捞依照严厉的海洋管理委员会(Marine Stewardship Council)条例进行认证。
