《小学英语时态小结》

《小学英语时态小结》

 

一：现在进行时：

1、概念：用在叙述某人正在做某事的时候。（某动作正在进行）

其结构是“be动词 + 动词ing”,句中可能会有look，listen，now或一个相当具体的时间。

2、时间状语：now, at this time

3、基本结构：am/is/are+doing

4、否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing

5、一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首

6、动词加“ing”（现在分词）的变化规则：

1）、接在动词后面加“ing”

2）、“元音+辅音+e”结尾的单词把e去掉再加ing。

3）、重读闭音节双写最后字母再加ing，单词有：run—running、swim—swimming、put—putting、get—getting、shop—shopping

7、例句

1.)    What is Mary doing?   She’s shopping.

2.)    Is Betty swimming now?   No, she isn’t. She’s running.

3.)    It’s seven thirty in the evening. We’re having dinner at home.

 

 

 

 

二：一般现在时：

1、概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。用来叙述经常性发生的事情、习惯和爱好等。

2.时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays,

 

3.基本结构：①动词原形（如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要加（e）S）        ②be+形容词

4.否定形式：①此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词; ②am/is/are+not。

5.一般疑问句：①用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。②把be动词放于句首；

 

 

6、如果叙述的人或事物是第三人称单数行为动词要加上s或es，其变化规则和名词的复数形式变化规则一样。

1.)    John likes going hiking.

2.)    Mary often gets up at seven o’clock.

3.)    Mr. Li cooks supper every evening.

4.)    How does he go to school?   ----He goes to school on foot.

5.)    Does he go to school on Saturday?   ---Yes, he does.

(第三人称单数一般疑问句句前是does，句中的动词要用原形。)

 

动词第三人称单数变化规则:

1）直接在动词后面加“s”。

2）以“s、x、sh、ch”结尾的单词，在动词后面加“es”。

wash---washes  watch---watches    fish---fishes

3）以“辅音+y”结尾的单词，把y改i再加es。

   carry---carries    study---studies   fly---flies

4）go 和do 的第三人称单数是goes 和does

 

叙述的人或事物不是第三人称单数行为动词要用原形。

1.)I usually go to school on foot.

2.)We play football every Sunday afternoon.

3.)What do they do on Sundays?   ---They play chess.

 

 

三：一般过去时：

1、概念：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状态连用,

2.时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.

3.基本结构：①be+形容词；②行为动词

4.否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。

5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。

6.例句：She often came to help us in those days. 

 

 

肯定句: I visited my grandparents last weekend.

       I usually played with my friends last year.

I was busy last weekend.

They were sad yesterday.

否定句: I didn’t visit my grandparents last weekend.

I wasn’t busy last weekend.

They were not sad yesterday.

一般疑问句: Did you visit you grandparents last weekend?   Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.

Were you busy last weekend?   Yes, I was. / No, I didn’t.

Yes, we were. / No, we weren’t.

特殊疑问句: What did you do yesterday?

           I played football.

           Where did Mike go last weekend?

           He went to the library.

           How did you go there?

           I went by bus.

           Where were you yesterday? I was at home.

 

 

四：一般将来时：

1、          叙述将要发生的事情或打算。表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。

2.时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.

 

3.基本结构：①am/is/are/going to + do；结构是be going to+动词原形。如果所接的动词原形刚好是go或come，可把to go 和to come 去掉。②will + do.

 

4.否定形式：①am/is/are/going to +not+ do；②will + not; 在行为动词前加will not，同时还原行为动词。

 

5.一般疑问句：be放于句首；will提到句首。

 

1.)      What are you going to do tomorrow?    ---I am going to visit my grandparents.

2.)      Are they going to sweep the floor tonight?    ---Yes, they are.

3．）Where is Sarah going (to go) next week?   ---She’s going (to go) the park.