★☆英语动词不规则变化表☆★ 时态是中学阶段的重点,也是难点,而与其息息相关的动词(尤其是不规则动词)的过去式、过去分词的变化散乱难记,令人头疼。可仔细琢磨就不难发现它们的变化有一定的规律可循。 ★记忆法一:常见93个不规则动词的变化规律归纳如下: 一、A—A—A型,即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。(共9个) cost—cost—cost bring—brought—brought buy— bought—bought 2 词尾有-ild,-end时,只需把d变为t。(4个) ★记忆法二:不规则动词相对于规则动词来说,难记得多,是最难对付的一类词。学生难学,老师难教。幸好它们不是杂乱无章的,可根据其中的一些内部规律来记忆。下面给大家介绍一种归纳记忆法,以期大家在攻克这一难关时,能收到事半功倍的效果。 一、 原形、过去式、过去分词相同: cost/cut/hit/hurt/let/put/read/shut (细心的你一定会发现,这些词中大多数是以字母t结尾的。) 二、 原形、过去式相同,过去分词不同: beat/beat/beaten (come,become,属不规则变化,但welcome属规则动词,其过去式、过去分词为:welcomed,welcomed) 四、 过去式,过去分词相同: (1) 去掉字母组合ee中的一个e meet/met/met (2) 去掉字母组合ee中的一个e,然后再在词尾加t (3) 词尾为的ll 去掉一个l加t spell/spelt/spelt (4) 过去式和过去分词以aught或 ought结尾 catch/caught/caught buy/bought/bought (5) 将stand改为stood stand/stood/stood (6) 将ay改为aid lay/laid/laid (7) 将d改为t lend/lent/lent spend/spent/spent (8) 将i改为a , o, u等 sit/sat/sat dig/dug/dug (9) 将ell改为old (10) 词尾加t learn/learnt/learnt (11) 有两种过去式和过去分词, 一种是不规则的, 一种是规则的: learn/learnt/learnt shine/shone/shone hang/hung/hung smell/smelt/smelt burn/burnt/burnt light/lii/lit (12) 其它 have(has)/had/had leave/left/left (1) 过去式以ew结尾、过去分词以own结尾 grow/grew/grown 值得注意的是: show/showed/shown或showed begin/began/begun ring/rang/rung swim/swam/swum (3)改i为o变成过去式,过去分词以n结尾 (4) 原形后加n变成过去分词 drive/drove/driven give/gave/given (5) 过去式后加n变成过去分词 break/broke/broken freeze/froze/frozen steal/stole/stolen take/took/taken (6)其它 go/went/gone wear/wore/worn 六、 有两种过去式和过去分词,但词义相同。 wake/woke/woken (或woke) wake/waked/waked 七、动词因其过去式、过去分词有两种形式而产生不同词义: 八、两个既可以做过去式,又可以做动词原形的词 lie躺卧lay/lain/lying(现在分词) lay放,下蛋laid/laid/laying find 找到、发现find/found/found found 创建,成立 found/founded/founded 九、根据动词之间的词义联系来记忆 (一)词义相对: (1) come/came/come来—— go/went/gone去 (2) give/gave/given给——get/got/got(AmE gotten)获得 (3) sleep/slept/slept睡觉—wake/woke/woken (或woke) 或wake/waked/waked 醒来 (4) rise/rose/risen上升、上涨、升起——fall/fell/fallen下降、落下、倒下 sink/sank/sunk (5) buy/bought/bought买—— sell/sold/sold出售, 卖 (6) take/took/taken带去——bring/brought/brought 带来 (7) teach/taught/taught教——learn/learnt/learnt 或learn/learned/learned学习、学会 (8) lose/lost/lost丢失、失败——find/found/found找到 win/won/won赢得、(获)胜 (9) stand/stood/stood站、立——sit/sat/sat坐 (10) send/sent/sent 送、寄、发送——get/got/got获得、收到 (二)词义相近: (1) beat/beat/beaten 打, 打败 (2) understand/understood/understood 懂, 了解 know/knew/known 知道, 了解, 认识 (3) get/got/got(AmE gotten)变成、成为、变得 become/became/become 变成, 成为, 变得 go/went/gone变成turn/turned/turned变成 (4) spend/spent/spent 花费、度过 pay/paid/paid 支付、交纳 cost/cost/cost花费、价值为 take/took/taken花费 (5) say/said/said说、讲 speak/spoke/spoken说、演讲 tell/told/told 告诉、说、吩咐、断定 talk/talked/talked谈话, 讲, 谈论, 议论 ★记忆法三: 1.无变化,过去式与原形相同。 let→let, put→put, hit→hit, must→must, set→set, beat→beat, cast→cast, cost→cost, cut→cut, hurt→hurt, read→red, shut→shut (shed→shed split→split spread→spread burst→burst) 2.元音字母的变化。 i→a: begin→began, drink→drank, ring→rang, sing→sang, swim→swam, give→gave, sit→sat, sink→sank i→o: drive→drove, ride→rode, shine→shone, write→wrote, rise→rose, win→won, (strive→strove arise→arose) i→ou: find→found (wind→wound, bind→bound, grind→ground) a→oo: take→took, shake→shook e→o: get→got, forget→forgot o→a: come→came, become→became oo→o: shoot→shot, choose→chose 3.元音字母组合的变化。 aw/ow/y→ew:draw→drew, blow→blew, grow→grew, know→knew, throw→threw, fly→flew 4.元音字母和辅音字母都有变化。 (1) sell→sold, tell→told, retell→retold (2) say→said, pay→paid, lay→laid, relay→relaid (3) sweep→swept, keep→kept, sleep→slept, creep→crept (4) bring→brought, buy→bought, think→thought, fight→fought (5) catch→caught, teach→taught (6) can→could, will→would, shall→should 5.辅音字母变化。 (1)build→built, send→sent, bend→bent, lend→lent, rend→rent, spend→spent (2)make→made, have→had, hear→heard (3)mean→meant, learn→learnt |
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来自: MouseHappy > 《英语语法》