发音与拼写的相对应（国际音标注音）
Sound to
spelling correspondences
|
辅音
Consonants |
|
IPA |
spelling |
example |
|
/p/ |
p,
pp, ph, pe, gh |
pill, happy, Phuket, tape,
hiccough |
|
/b/ |
b,
bb, bh, p (in some dialects) |
bit, rabbit, Bhutan,
thespian[citation needed] |
|
/t/ |
t,
tt, ed, pt, th, ct |
ten, bitter, topped,
pterodactyl, thyme,
ctenoid |
|
/d/ |
d,
dd, ed, dh, th (in some dialects) |
dive, ladder, failed, dharma,
them |
|
/g/ |
g,
gg, gue, gh |
go, stagger, catalogue,
ghost |
|
/k/ |
c,
k, ck, ch, cc, qu, q, cq, cu, que, kk, kh |
cat, key, tack, chord,
account, liquor, Iraq, acquaint, biscuit,
mosque, trekker, khan |
|
/m/ |
m,
mm, mb, mn, mh, gm, chm |
mine, hammer, climb, hymn,
mho, diaphragm, drachm |
|
/n/ |
n,
nn, kn, gn, pn, nh, cn, mn, ng (in some dialects) |
nice, funny, knee, gnome,
pneumonia, piranha, cnidarian, mnemonic,
fighting |
|
/?/ |
ng, n, ngue, ngh |
sing, link, tongue,
Singh |
|
/r/ |
r,
rr, wr, rh, rrh |
ray, parrot, wrong, rhyme,
diarrh(o)ea |
|
/f/ |
f,
ph, ff, gh, pph, u, th (in some dialects) |
fine, physical, off, laugh,
sapphire, lieutenant (Br),
thin |
|
/v/ |
v,
vv, f, ph |
vine, savvy, of,
Stephen |
|
/θ/ |
th, chth, phth, tth |
thin, chthonic, phthisis,
Matthew |
|
/e/ |
th |
them,
breathe |
|
/s/ |
s,
c, ss, sc, st, ps, sch (in some dialects), cc, se, ce, z (in some
dialects) |
song, city, mess, scene,
listen, psychology, schism, flaccid, horse,
juice, citizen |
|
/z/ |
s,
z, x, zz, ss, ze, c (in some dialects) |
has, zoo, xylophone, fuzz,
scissors, breeze, electricity |
|
/?/ |
sh, ti, ci, ssi, si, ss, ch, s, sci, ce, sch,
sc |
shin, nation, special,
mission, expansion, tissue, machine, sugar,
conscience, ocean, schmooze,
crescendo |
|
/?/ |
si, s, g, z, j, zh, ti, sh (in some
dialects) |
division, leisure, genre,
seizure, jeté, Zhytomyr, equation,
Pershing |
|
/t?/ |
ch, t, tch, ti, c, cz, tsch |
chin, nature, batch, bastion
(some accents), cello, Czech,
Deutschmark |
|
/d?/ |
g,
j, dg, dge, d, di, gi, ge, dj, gg |
magic, jump, ledger, bridge,
graduate, soldier, Belgian, dungeon,
Djibouti, exaggerate |
|
/h/ |
h,
wh, j, ch |
he, who, fajita,
chutzpah |
|
/j/ |
y,
i, j, ll |
yes, onion, hallelujah,
tortilla |
|
/l/ |
l,
ll, lh |
line, hallo,
Lhasa |
|
/?/ |
-ll, -l |
ball, halt |
|
/w/ |
w,
u, o, ou, wh (in most dialects) |
we, queen, choir, Ouija
board, what |
|
/hw/ |
wh
(in some dialects) |
wheel |
|
元音
Vowels |
|
IPA |
spelling |
example |
|
/i/ |
e,
ea, ee, e…e, ae, ei, i…e, ie, eo, oe, ie...e, ay, ey, i, y, oi, ue,
ey |
be, beach, bee, cede,
Caesar, deceit, machine, field,
people, amoeba, hygiene, quay, key,
ski, city, chamois, Portuguese, geyser
(Br) |
|
/?/ |
i,
y, ui, e, ee, ie, o, u, a, ei, ee, ia, ea, i...e, ai, ey, oe |
bit, myth, build, pretty,
been (some accents), sieve, women, busy,
damage, counterfeit, carriage, mileage,
medicine, bargain, Ceylon,
oedema |
|
/u/ |
oo, u, o, u…e, ou, ew, ue, o…e, ui, eu, oeu, oe, ough,
wo, ioux, ieu, ault, oup, w |
tool, luminous, who, flute,
soup, jewel, true, lose, fruit,
maneuver (US), manoeuvre (Br), canoe, through,
two, Sioux, lieutenant (US), Sault Sainte Marie,
coup, cwm |
|
/?/ |
oo, u, o, oo...e, or, ou, oul |
look, full, wolf,
gooseberry, worsted, courier,
should |
|
/e/ |
a,
a…e, ay, ai, ai...e, aig, aigh, ao, au, e (é), e...e, ea, ei, ei...e, eig, eigh,
ee (ée), eh, et, ey, ez, er, ie, ae, eg |
paper, rate, pay,
rain, cocaine, arraign, straight,
gaol (Br), gauge, ukulele (café),
crepe, steak, veil, beige,
reign, eight, matinee (soirée), eh,
ballet, obey, chez, dossier, lingerie (US),
reggae, thegn |
|
/?/ |
a,
e, o, u, ai, ou, eig, y, ah, ough, gh, ae, oi |
another, anthem, awesome,
atrium, mountain, callous, foreign, beryl,
Messiah, borough (Br), Edinburgh, Michael,
porpoise |
|
/o/ |
o,
o…e, oa, ow, ou, oe, oo, eau, oh, ew, au, aoh, ough, eo |
so, bone, boat, know,
soul, foe, brooch, beau, oh, sew,
mauve, pharaoh, furlough,
yeoman |
|
/?/ |
e,
ea, a, ae, ai, ay, ea…e, ei, eo, ie, ieu, u, ue, oe |
met, weather, many,
aesthetic, said, says, cleanse,
heifer, jeopardy, friend, lieutenant (Br),
bury, guess, foetid |
|
/?/ |
a,
ai, al, au, i |
hand, plaid, salmon, laugh
(some accents), meringue |
|
/?/ |
u,
o, o…e, oe, ou, oo, wo |
sun, son, come, does,
touch, flood, twopennce |
|
/?/ |
a,
au, aw, ough, augh, o, oa, oo, al, uo, u |
fall, author, jaw, bought,
caught, cord, broad, door, walk,
fluorine (Br), sure (some accents) |
|
/ɑ/ |
o,
a, eau, ach, au, ou |
lock, watch, bureaucracy,
yacht, sausage, cough |
|
/a?/ |
i…e, i, y, igh, ie, ei, eigh, uy, ai, ey, ye, eye, y…e,
ae, ais, is, ig, ic, ay, ui |
fine, Christ, try,
high, tie, eidos, height, buy, aisle,
geyser (US), dye, eye, type, maestro,
aisle, isle, sign, indict, kayak,
guide |
|
/ɑr/ |
ar, a, er, ear, a…e, ua, aa, au, ou |
car, father, sergeant, heart,
are, guard, bazaar, aunt, our (some
accents) |
|
/?r/ |
er, ar, ere, are, aire, eir, air, aa, aer, ayr,
ear |
stationery (some accents), vary,
where, ware, millionaire, heir, hair,
Aaron, aerial, Ayr,
bear |
|
/??/ |
oi, oy, aw, uoy oy…e, eu |
foil, toy, lawyer, buoy,
gargoyle, Freudian |
|
/a?/ |
ou, ow, ough, au, ao |
out, now, bough, tau,
Laos |
|
/?r/ |
er, or, ur, ir, yr, our, ear, err, eur, yrrh, ar, oeu,
olo, uer |
fern, worst, turn, thirst,
myrtle, journey, earth, err, amateur,
myrrh, grammar, hors d'oeuvre, colonel,
Guernsey |
|
/ju/ |
u,
u…e, eu, ue, iew, eau, ieu, ueue, ui, ewe, ew |
music*, use, feud,
cue, view, beautiful*, adieu*, queue,
nuisance*, ewe, few, * in some dialects, see Yod
dropping | |
|
