Unit 1 重点知识讲解

Unit 1 重点知识讲解

 

一、 重点词汇

1. frustrate v. 使......沮丧；使......受挫

frustrating adj. 令人灰心的；令人沮丧的（修饰物，事件），如：

Watching movies to learn English is frustrating because the people speak too quickly. 通过看电影来学英语是让人灰心的，因为剧中人物说话太快了。

frustrated  adj. 灰心的；沮丧的（修饰人）如：

  I felt frustrated at that time. 那时，我觉得很沮丧。

类似的还有: interesting, interested; disappointing, disappointed; exciting, excited; boring, bored

2. pronounce v. make the sound of “发…音”  eg:

Do you know how to pronounce the letter? 你知道这个字母怎样发音吗？
pronunciation n.  “发音，读音”

Your pronunciation of the English word is wrong.

你那个英文单词的发音是错误的。

3. specific adj. “具体的，明确的” (particular, exact and clear)
e.g. Some students had more specific suggestions .

一些学生有更多的明确的建议。

Though he said a lot, he didn’t produce a specific suggestion.
  尽管他说了很多，但是并没有提出具体的建议。
4. differently adv. “不同地，有区别地”  

e.g. Wei Ming feels differently.
  different adj. be different from….(与…不同)

e.g. Cars are different from buses .
 difference (可数名词) e.g. There are some differences between cars and buses.

5. however  ① conj. “然而，但是（可放句首、中和尾）→but只能放句首。如：

I made a mistake, however.    然而我犯了一个错误。

Sometimes, however, he finds watching movies frustrating because the people speak too quickly. 但是，有时候，他发现看电影让人沮丧，因为人们讲话太快。
②adv. “无论如何（no matter how）”e.g. However difficult it is, I’ll work hard.

6. quick（adj.）— quickly(adv) 动作迅速
fast (形，副) 运动速度快; soon 马上 (时间快)

7. add v. ① “加” e.g. Add three to six, and you get nine.  3+6=9。

② “补充说” e.g. “I’m coming.” Lucy added.
8. excite (v.) “使(sb)兴奋” sth excites sb “某事使某人感到兴奋”

e.g. The news excited us.   这个新闻使我们激动。
excited (adj.) “兴奋的/激动的(指人对…感到兴奋)”

be excited about / at … “对…感到兴奋”
e.g. We were excited about/ at the news. = We were excited to hear the news.
exciting (adj.) “…使人兴奋的(指事物本身使人感到兴奋)”
e.g. We had an exciting party yesterday. 我们昨天开了一个让人兴奋的聚会。

  The exciting story made us excited a lot.

这个激动人心的故事让我们感到兴奋。

9. mistake n. 可数名词，指言语或行动上的“错误，失误”， 可说make a mistake 或make mistakes

  e.g. It is easy to make a mistake. 犯错误是很容易的。

I made the mistake of giving him my address. 我真不该把我的地址给他。

I’m sorry. I took your pen by mistake.  对不起，我错拿了你的钢笔。

mistake 还可以用作动词，意为“弄错；误以为；误会”。

e.g. I mistook his meaning. 我误解了他的意思。

We often mistake her for her twin sister.

我们常常误以为她是她的双胞胎姐姐。

10. unless=if not  “除非, 如果不…”, 引导条件状语从句。

 e.g. They will go on with the game unless there is a rain.

     如果不下雨，他们会继续这一比赛。

I will not go unless I hear from him. 除非我收到他的来信，否则我不会走。
 Don’t come unless I call you. = Don’t come if I don’t call you.

如果我不给你打电话，不要来。

11. affect和influence 的区别：

二者都表示“影响”，但是二者有区别。

affect是指有形力量造成的物质或生理上影响，尤指不良影响；

influence是指无形力量造成的潜移默化的或持久的影响、重要的影响，尤指感情上、态度上的影响。如：

The disease is beginning to affect her eyesight. 这一疾病开始影响她的视力。

Smoking affects your health.   吸烟影响你的健康。

She is easily influenced by her friends. 她很容易受她的朋友的影响。

The principles influenced the course of the revolution.

这些原则影响了革命的进程。

二、重点短语

1. the best ways to learn English. 学习英语的最好方法

  to learn English是不定式做定语修饰the best ways

e.g. Do you have any good topics to talk about?你有什么谈论的好标题吗？

     They have a few questions to ask.　他们有一些问题要问。

2. keep a diary  记日记，写日记 也可以用 write a diary。

3. speaking skills  说的能力；口语能力

  speaking是动名词做定语，注意：动名词作定语常表示功能，

  writing table=the table is used for writing  写字台

  watering can=the can is used for watering flowers喷壶，洒水壶

4. look up… in a dictionary  查字典

  e.g. If you meet new words that you don’t know, you can look them up in a dictionary. 如果你遇到你不认识的生词，你可以在字典中查询。

5. not ...at all 根本不，全然不, not经常可以和助动词结合在一起，at all 则放在句尾。

  eg. My brother did not like the scarf at all. 我哥哥根本不喜欢那个围巾。

6. end up doing sth  终止做某事，结束做某事, 后面加动名词短语，相当于finish doing sth.  

end up doing指结束做某事，事情已经完成。如：

When we practice speaking English, we often end up speaking in Chinese.

当我们练习说英语时，我们经常以说汉语结束。

另外，end up with … 以…结束

The party ended up with her singing.  晚会以她的歌唱而告终。

7. get the pronunciation right 使发音准确

  get…right 使……正确, get 在这里是“使变成……状态”的意思。

8. to begin with = to start with 用于叙述原因，置于句首。如：

I can’t come. To begin with, I don’t feel very well, besides I don’t have enough money. 我不能去。首先，我感觉不好，除此以外，我也没有钱。

9. later on  “后来，以后” e.g. I’ll be seeing you later on.  我以后会见到你。
no later than “不迟于…”; sooner or later “迟早”

10. be angry with sb “对某人生气” e.g. Gina is angry with her sister.
be angry at / about sth “对某事生气” e.g. Mr. Yang was angry about Gina’s homework .

11. have trouble doing  做某事有困难

   =have problem(s) doing=have difficulty doing

12. make up conversation “编对话”  make up （化妆，编借口…, 组成）
make up one’s mind ( to do ) “决心要做某事” = decide to do sth.  

13. deal with (← how ) = do with（what）“处理，对付”

e.g. How shall we deal with the thief? = What are we going to do with the thief?

我们怎样处理这个小偷？
That’s a deal ! = It’s a deal.  成交了. （deal n.）

14. have disagreements 有分歧，disagreement是agreement 的反义词，

  reach/arrive at/come to an agreement 达成一致

15. decide (not) to do   决定（不）做某事； decide on sth. 决定某事

16. regard…as…=have…as, treat…as, look on/upon…as 把……看作

   We regard our teacher as our friend. 我们把老师看作是我们的朋友。

17. complain to sb. about/of sth. 向某人抱怨某事，如：

   She complained to me about his bad manners. 她向我抱怨他的不礼貌。

   We complained to the police about the noise from the bar.

酒吧间的声音太大，我们向警方投诉。

18. change…into… 把……变成……

   change water into ice 把水变成冰

19. with the help of…在……的帮助下, 也可以说with one’s help,

without one’s help 没有某人的帮助

 

三、重点句型

1. Many said they learnt by using English.

许多（学生）说他们通过使用英语来学习。

many在这里是代词，而不是形容词，意为many students.

例如：We can put away many of these plates. We don’t need this many.

我们可以把许多盘子收起来，用不着这么多。

2. I don’t have a partner to practice English with. 我没有搭档练习英语。

   to practice English with 是不定式作定语，此处介词with 不能省略。

3. It’s amazing how much this helped. 它起多大作用，真是太让人惊奇。

   how much this helped 是真正的主语。it是形式主语。

4. My teacher is very impressed. 我给老师留下了深刻的印象。

impress: make sb. have good feelings or thoughts about you or things that are yours给某人留下深刻印象。如：

The book impressed a lot of people.  这本书给许多人留下了深刻的印象。

I was impressed by/at/ with her speech.  她的演讲给我留下很深的印象。

impress sb. with sth. =impress sth on sb.  使某人铭记某事  如：

My father impressed me with the importance of the work.

My father impressed on me the importance of the work.

我父亲要我铭记这个工作的重要性。

5. It can also influence the way we behave with our families.

它也能影响我们与家人的相处的方式。

  此处we behave…是定语从句，前面省略了关系词in which

6. It is our duty to try our best to deal with each challenge.　

尽全力去对待每个挑战是我们的职责。it是形式主语，不定式是真正的主语。

7. Time goes by, and good friendships may be lost.

随时间的流逝，友谊可能不复存在。
① go by　（时间）流逝。
② lose（语气较强）& miss（发现丢失）
e.g. You said you had lost your book. When did you miss it?

　　　你说你丢了你的书。什么时候丢的？

8. It’s too hard to understand the voices. 这些声音太难了，听不懂。
It’s + adj.形＋( for sb )＋to do 　

e.g. It’s difficult (for me) to swim very well. 游好泳，对我来说很难。
voice “（人的）语声、嗓音”

e.g. He has lost his voice because of a bad cold. 由于重感冒，他失声了。
noise “声音，噪音” make a noise →adj. noisy

e.g. Don’t make so much noise.  不要这么吵。
sound “（各种）声音” v. sound like… “听起来”

He is listening to the sound of the sea.    他在听海的声音。