初中阅读理解：得高分一定要熟记的技巧

初中阅读理解：得高分一定要熟记的技巧

　　阅读理解，顾名思义，包括了阅读材料的过程和理解材料所蕴含的内容这两个层面。参加中考的学生，英语阅读应该达到以下要求：能独立阅读所学语言知识范围内的材料，生词率不超过3%。三年制和四年制的阅读速度分别是每分钟40-50和50-60个单词，理解正确率达到70%。

　　阅读能力强的标志不仅指阅读速度快，而且还要求理解率高。具体体现在如下几个方面：①掌握所读材料的大意，以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节。②既能理解具体的事实，也能理解抽象的概念。③既能理解字面意思，也能理解深层含义(包括作者的态度、意图及倾向等)。④既能理解某一句话、某一段落的意义，也能理解全篇的逻辑关系，并能据此进行推理和判断。⑤既能根据材料所提供的信息解决问题，也能结合必备的常识(包括生活常识和相关的其他学科知识等)去理解和处理题目设置的疑难问题。

　　要想解答好阅读理解题必须做到以下两点：①掌握相当的词汇量。词汇不过关，处处是难关。平常要多背诵一些基础词汇、词组、习惯短语等。教材中出现的重要句型也必须牢记。这样就能为顺利阅读提供强有力的保障。同时在记忆词汇时，要注意单词的词性及一词多义现象，这样对阅读中碰到的生词的推断会有一定的帮助。②加强“听、说、读、写、译”五项基本技能的训练，创造良好的语境。通过多听、多说、多读、多写、多译，逐步培养语感，提高综合运用语言知识的能力，为阅读能力的提高奠定坚实的基础。

　　“阅读理解”的题型特点

　　“阅读理解”是集语法、词汇、逻辑推理、背景知识于一体，测试语言综合能力的题目。它主要用来考查学生综合运用英语语言知识的能力，不仅考查阅读速度，而且重点考查理解能力。

　　“阅读理解”的考查内容

　　作为一种综合性很强的试题类型，“阅读理解”的考查内容有如下几个方面：

　　①考查短文的主旨和大意。包括对文章大意、主题的理解，对作者意图或文章中人物观点的理解，以及能从短文内容中推断出结论和作者的弦外之音等。

　　②考查短文的细节和事实。包括事实识别、有关数字方面的计算或识图、排列顺序等。

　　③考查短文中词语的意思或句子的含义。这些词句一般不只是体现其表层意义，而往往具有深层涵义。要求考生能利用阅读材料中的信息，结合上下文来判断其特定意义，或者根据句子的语法关系分析、挖掘其涵义。这就要求考生具备必要的语言知识、相关学科的常识及一定的分析和推断能力。

　　④考查拟选题目的能力。这是对考生概括能力的检测，难度稍大。因为短文标题的拟定不但取决于阅读材料的内容，而且还受标题特点的影响。一般地，英语短文标题的特点有：省略冠词、be动词或作定语用的人称代词，且多以短语或简单句出现。选择标题的一般原则是：一是要切题，即能概括出全文的主旨;二是要简洁，即文字要简单明了。

　　A four-year-old girl is lying in the arms of a doctor. She has just lost her mother. Her pink clothes are full of blood and her eyes look at something only she can see.

　　Every day we see pictures like this on our televisions. We see Iraqi (伊拉克的) children begging for food and water from American and British soldiers as they move through towns and cities towards the capital, Baghdad (巴格达). We see these children following parents, carrying bags of almost the same size as their small bodies as they escape from their homes in Baghdad.

　　They show just some of the young lives that have been turned upside down by ongoing war and the terrible price paid by Iraqi children.

　　“Dad, why are the Americans fighting against us? Are we going to be killed?” asks the son f Abu Singar, an Iraqi engineer. Abu finds it hard to explain this war to his eight-year-old son.

　　He tries to make him feel safe by saying, “The bombs (炸弹) are far away from us. The Americans are fighting the soldiers. We’re going to be all right.” Even though Abu knows it isn’t always true, little else can be done. In Baghdad, parents give their children sleeping pills to try and let them escape from the sound of bombs. And all the schools are closed.

　　Now things are worse, and the ongoing war makes it impossible to count the number who are hungry, sick, hurt or even dead.

　　根据短文内容，选择正确答案。

　　1. What happens to the children in Iraq because of the war?

　　A. The children will get better than before.

　　B. The children beg for food and water from American and British soldiers.

　　C. The children in Iraq go away from their homes in Baghdad.

　　D. The children live a most terrible life.

　　2. What does the word “ongoing” mean in Chinese?

　　A. 正在进行的 B. 非正义的 C. 未授权的 D. 影响恶劣的

　　3. The father doesn’t tell the true thing to his child because ______.

　　A. he wants to make his child not feel dangerous

　　B. he and his child are afraid to lose each other in the war

　　C. he doesn’t want his child to believe American soldiers

　　D. he will lose his country and his home

　　4.The war in Iraq tells us that ________.

　　A. the Iraqi people in the war are much hungrier and worse

　　B. we should help the Iraqi people build their country again

　　C. nothing can be done except fighting

　　D. both A and B

　　5.What would be the best title (标题) for the report?

　　A. Iraqi children during the War

　　B. Sickness, Death in Iraq

　　C. America and England Fight against Iraq

　　D. A Girl in the War in Iraq

　　　　(Keys: 1.D 2.A 3.A 4.D 5.A)