分享

人教版八年级英语上册第一单元知识详解

 紫曦唯幂1 2012-07-23
人教版八年级英语上册第一单元知识详解                                                                                                           Unit 1  How often do you exercise?


考点扫描: 


一)习惯用语:

watch TV 看电视

go to the movies  去看电影 

on weekends  在周末 

hardly ever 几乎不

how often 多久一次

once a week 一周一次  

twice a month   一月两次 

do homework  做家庭作业

the result of……的结果

as for  至于,对于

junk food 垃圾食品

be good/bad for 对…有益/害

eating habits 饮食习惯

try to do sth.尽力做某事  

lots of=a lot of许多

of course/Sure当然

come home from school从学校来到家  

look after=take care of 照看;照顾 

a healthy lifestyle  一种健康的生活方式

be the same as…和…相同

be different from…和…不同

want to do sth.想要做某事

want sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事

make a big difference 有很大不同

keep healthy = stay healthy

keep in good health =keep fit 保持健康 

surf the Internet上网

get good grades  取得好成绩

  
二)重点句型: 

1.What does she do on weekends?  她在周末常干什么?

2.She often goes to the movies. 她经常去看电影。

3.I watch TV every day. 我每天都看电视。

4.We often surf the Internet.  我们经常上网。

5.I read English books about twice a week. 我大约一周两次看英语书。

6.I shop once a month. 我每月购物一次。

7.She says it’s good for my health. 她说这对我的健康有利。

8.How often do you eat junk food? 你多久一次吃垃圾食品?

9.I look after my health. 我照看我的健康。

10.My eating habits are pretty good. 我的饮食习惯相当好。

 

三)交际用语:
What do you usually do on weekends?   I usually play soccer.
What do they do on weekends?    They often go to the movies.

What does he do on weekends?    He sometimes watches TV.

How often do you shop?    I shop once a month.

How often does Cheng watch TV?    He watches TV twice a week.



四)主题写作:
提供出一些信息,让你写一篇关于你或者别人的生活习惯及其影响.


词语点击:

1.exercise: [′eks?saiz]


1)作可数名词用,“练习,习题,体操,功课,操练”等,常用复数。
  I'm doing my exercises.我在做练习/功课。
  Doing morning exercises is helpful to our health.
     做早操对我们的健康是有益的。
2)作不可数名词用,“锻炼,运动”。
  You are weak because of the lack of exercise.你身体弱是因为缺少锻炼。
  Take more exercise,and you will be healthy.多多锻炼,你会健康的。
3)作动词用,“训练,锻炼”。
  You must exercise yourself in order to be stronger and healthier.
      为了更健康更强壮,你必须锻炼自己。
  You don't exercise enough.你锻炼不够。﹝作不及物动词﹞
   作动词用还有“履行职责,行使全力”等意思。
  You must exercise your own duty.你必须履行你自己的职责。

  
  
2.hardly: [′hɑ:dli]

1)副词adv.hardly 是"几乎不", hard 也可是副词,“努力地,猛烈地 ”
2)hardly 是位于句首时,句子要用倒装.如:

Hardly did I believe what you said. 我几乎不相信你说的话.

Hardly did I arrive at the railway station when the train started.

我一到火车站,火车就开走了.

3)句子中有 hardly 时,其反意疑问句的疑问部分应该用肯定形式. 如:

He can hardly understand it ,can he ? 他几乎听不懂,是吗?

hardly ever 很少(几乎从不,难得)

例句与用法:

My grandfather loves his island. He hardly ever sets foot in the city.

我祖父热爱他那个小岛,他几乎从不进城来。

He hardly ever (very seldom) goes to bed before midnight.

他很少在午夜以前就寝.
(同学们要记住:早睡早起是“一”个好习惯啦!
   Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.)
    


3.ever:
[′ev?]

   
 
ever用作副词,意为“曾经、以前”
   
Did you ever see the UFO?你还见到过飞碟?
    When you were  working there,did you ever meet foreigner?
          你在那里工作时曾见过外国人吗? 


4.once:
[w?ns]


 
 1)副词adv. 一次  I have been there once.我到过那儿一次
           
I see them once every two months.我每两个月与他们见一次面。

2) 连接词conj.一旦,一经...便

Once you get into a bad habit, you'll find it hard to get out of it.

一旦染上坏习惯,想改掉就难了。

 

 

5.twice: [twais]


副词 adv.:两次,两回; 两倍。
  He comes to work twice a week. 他每周来上两次班。

The dining-room is twice as big as the kitchen. 餐厅是厨房的两倍大。   

 

 

6.active:  [′?ktiv]

 
形容词adj.活跃的;活泼的
 Mrs. Brown is over 80 and not very active now.
   布朗太太已八十多岁,现在不大活动了。
提示:active的名词形式为activity,意为“活动”。

 


7.about:
 [?′baut]


 
1)副词 adv.大约;几乎
     John is about the same age as Tom.    约翰和汤姆的年龄相仿。
  2)介词 prep. 关于,对于
     My mother often spoke to me about you.  家母过去常和我谈起你。

 


8.milk:
[milk]


 
1)名词n.乳; 牛奶(不可数名词)

You have to keep watching to prevent the milk from boiling over.

你要看住, 不要让牛奶溢出来。

2)动词v. & vi.产奶; 挤奶

The cow is milking heavily.这头奶牛出奶率很高。

9.drink:
[dri?k]


 
1)动词 vt. & vi.喝(酒), 饮

I don't drink and I've never played cards.我不喝酒, 也从不打牌。
2)名词n.既可做可数名词,又可作不可数名词
   He likes a drink when he returns home from work.

他喜欢下班回家后喝一杯酒。
   food  and drink食物和饮料

 


10.health: [helθ]


名词n. 1)健康[U]

Smoking does harm to health. 吸烟有损健康。

2.)健康状况[U]
She is in poor health.她身体不好。

拓展:health的形容词为healthy,healthy的比较级为healthier最高级为healthiest,反义词为unhealthy。



11.habit: [ˊh?bit]

 名词n.  习惯, 习性。

    Habit cures habit.  [谚]新习惯可以改掉旧习惯。
  be in / have a habit of (doing sth.) 惯于, 有某种习惯
His uncle has a bad habit of smoking.他的叔叔有一种抽烟的坏习惯。


12.try: [trai]

1)动词v.tried(过去式) trying(现在分词)tries(单数第三人称形式)
试图,努力;努力做或完成(某事)。
tried to ski.试着滑冰
2)名词n.尝试,常用于短语have a try,等于have a go
【拓展】try on 试穿(衣帽等)try one's best to do sth.尽最大力量做某事


13.same:[seim]

形容词adj.:同一的
I live in the same house as he.我跟他同住一所房子。
反义词为different。Same常与the连用,常见短语有:
  almost the same几乎一样 the same as 和……一样
  This is the same skirt that she was wearing year ago.
        这就是她一年前穿的那条裙子。
 

14.different: [ˊdif?r?nt]

形容词adj.1) 不同的[(+from)]
  Their school is different from ours. 他们的学校与我们的不同。
  That is quite a different matter. 那完全是另一码事。

2. )各种的
The delegates come from different parts of the world.
   代表们来自世界各地。

它的名词形式为difference,形容词为differently.


15.although: [?:l′??u]

连接词conj.1)尽管, 虽然
Although my car is very old, it still runs very well.
我的汽车虽然很旧, 但仍然跑得很快
2) 然而:I did not know that, although I learned it

小提示】许多同学都知道,英语习惯上不能将汉语中的“虽然……但是……”直译为 although/though… but…。这两个词不能连用。如:
    她虽然很穷,但没有失去她的尊严。
误:Although she is very poor, but she has not lost her dignity.
正:Although she is very poor, she has not lost her dignity.
正:She is very poor, but she has not lost her dignity. 
  
  
16.keep [ki:p]
  
动词v.:保持;使……保持某种状态。首先这是一个系动词,后接形容词做表语,
其次本词也是实义动词,无论后面的动词是作宾语或宾语补足语,都用动词-ing形式。例如:
  We kept working in the fields in spite of the rain.
尽管下雨,我们还是坚持在地里干活。
【拓展】keep构成的一些短语
keep (sb.) away (from sth.)(使)某人离开(某物)
keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事阻止,妨碍;控制住[(+from)]
(例如;Robbie couldn't keep the child from crying.
         罗比没法使孩子不大叫大哭。)
keep sth. in mind 记住(某事物)
keep back 忍住(眼泪),扣下,隐瞒
keep in touch with 与……保持联系
keep (on) doing sth. 继续做某事
keep off 远离,避开,让开
keep up 保持(不低落),继续
keep up with 跟上,不落在后面

 

 

17.must[m?st]


情态动词modal v. 1)(表示必要、命令或强制)必须,得
  You mustn't talk like that.你可不能这样说话。
  You must do as you are told.你必须遵嘱行事。
  We must be home by six. 我们必须在六点以前回家。

2) (表示肯定的推测)一定,谅必,八成
This must be your room.这一定是你的房间了。
He must be eighty now.他现在八成有八十岁

【注意】must还可以用来询问对方的意见,否定回答不用mustn’t,要用needn’t或don’t have to,意思是“不必”。
——Must I hand in the homework today?我必须今天交家庭作业吗?
——No,you don’t have to/neednt.不,你不必。
 


18.less
[les] 


1)形容词 adj. (little的比较级)较小的,较少的[+than]
    He has less strength than I. 他力气比我小。

2)副词 adv. (little的比较级)较小地,较少地;不如[+than]
Thunderstorms are much less common in Ireland than in England.
      爱尔兰的雷雨远较英格兰为少

Little的最高级为least,其后加不可数名词,与little,less,least相对应的反义词分别是much,more,most.
  
【拓展】 -less后缀

1.(附在动词或名词之后的形容词词尾)表示"无","没有"(如: useless, homeless)

2. (附在动词或名词之后的形容词词尾)表示"不能"(如:tireless孜孜不倦的)
be tireless in teaching 诲人不倦

 

火眼金睛:



  1.“多久”一相逢:
How often do you visit your grandparents? Twicce a month.
     你多久去看一次你的(外)祖父母?每月两次。
 

how often“多久一次”用来引导特殊疑问句,询问事情发生的频率。常用once a week,twice a month等来回答。例如:
     ——How often do you go swimming?
     ——Once a week.
    拓展】
   how long“多长”,用来询问时间(对一段时间提问)或物体的长度。
   how far“多远”,用来询问距离。
   how soon“多久以后”,对以“in+一段时间”进行提问,常用于一般将来时。

 


2.“兴趣”知多少?
  
I'm interested in the (interesting) book.
           我对这本(有意思的)书感兴趣。
  1)-ing形容词
      这类形容词可做定语或表语。做表语时,主语通常是事物,表示“令人……的”。例如: exciting令人兴奋的  surprising令人惊奇的  boring令人讨厌的
   2)-ed形容词
      这类形容词常做表语,且主语是人,表示“(人)感到……的”。例如:
excited感到兴奋的  surprised感到惊奇的  bored感到厌烦的

 

 

3.如何“示”好:
be good for…意为“对……有益/有好处”。例如:
    Reading books is good for us.开卷有益
 拓展】
be good at意为“善于,擅长”,后接名词、代词或动名词。
be good to意为“对……友好”,一般后接表示人的名词。
be good with意为“与……相处得好”
题例:Are you good_____ sports and good _____ children?
     A.for,with  B.at,with  C.to,at  D.at,for
【剖析】本句意为“你擅长于运动并能与孩子们相处得好吗?”,故答案选B.

 


4.“帮助”得法:
help sb.(to) do sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”,to也可省略。Help还可用于短语help sb. with sth.中,也意为“帮助某人做某事”。例如:
Would you please help me (to) finish this task?
Can you help me with this task? 两句意思都是:“你能帮我完成这项任务吗?”

【拓展】
can't help doing sth.意为“情不自禁地做某事”。例如:

We can't help laughing after hearing the story.

听完这个故事以后,我们情不自禁地笑了。
但是:This book can't help to solve this problem.(黄冈中学预录题)
(这本书不能帮助解决这个难题。)则是help (us)to do sth.的否定形式,不在此例。

 


5.“经常”连连串:
频率副词的用法:
always>usually>often>sometimes>seldom(极少) >hardly ever>never等频率副词用来表示某一动作或状态发生的频率。注意;它们可是按降幂排列的哦!
1)频率副词用于一般现在时,它们常位于行为动词之前,be动词、情态动词及助动词之后,加强语气时放在句首。
2)对它们提问时用how often.

【拓展】hardly ever,never分别是否定意义的词组和副词,变反意疑问句时,疑问部分用肯定形式。例如: He hardly ever watches TV,does he?

6.风云“聚”义厅:


本单元重点句子释义集锦:
1.How often do you exercise? 你(你们)多久锻炼一次身体?

How often + 助动词do(does或did) + 主语 + do sth.? 疑问词how often是问频率(多久一次),(翻译:“你们多久到工厂去一次?”“每星期两次。”

翻译:“他们多长时间举办一次舞会?”“通常每两周举办一次。”

                                                                   

 

2. “What do you usually do on weekends?” “ I usually play soccer.”

“周末你通常做什么?”“我通常踢足球。”

第一个do为助动词, 在这起帮助构成疑问的作用;而第二个do则是实义动词。

翻译:What do you usually do on weekends? I often go to the movies.

                                                                      

 

3. “What’s your favorite program?” “It’s Animal World.”

        “你最喜欢什么节目?”“动物世界。”

 

4. As for homework , most students do homework every day .
谈到家庭作业,绝大部分学生每天都要做。 

as for...意思是“至于;关于”,常用于句首作状语,其后跟名词、代词或动词的-ing形式(即动名词)。如:

 As for him,I never want to see him here.
至于他,我永远不希望在这里见到。

 As for the story,you'd better not believe it.
关于那故事,你最好不要相信。

翻译:至于我自己,我现在不想去。                                      

                        

5. Mom wants me to get up at 6:00 and play ping-pong with her .
妈妈想我六点钟起床和她一起打乒乓球。 

翻译:老师不想让我们吃汉堡包。_______________________________________ .

 

6. She says it’s good for my health.她说这对我的健康有益。

be good for...表示“对……有益(有好处)”;其反义为:be bad for...。(这里for 是 介词,后跟名词、代词或动名词)如:

翻译:多读书对我们有好处。_____________________________________________ .

 

7. How many hours do you sleep every night? 你每晚睡几个小时?

 

8. I exercise every day , usually when I come home from school .
我每天都要锻炼,通常在从家里到学校的途中。

 

9. My eating habits are pretty good .
我的饮食习惯相当好。 这里pretty相当于very 。

 

10. I try to eat a lot of vegetables , usually ten to eleven times a week .我尽量多吃蔬菜,通常每周十到十一次。

 

11. My healthy lifestyle helps me get good grades.
健康的生活方式帮我保持好的精神状态。

 

12. Good food and exercise help me to study better.
 好的饮食和锻炼帮我学得更好。

这里better是well的比较级,而不是good的比较级

 

13. Is her lifestyle the same as yours or different?
 她的生活方式与你的一样还是不同呢?

=Is her lifestyle the same as your lifestyle or is her lifestyle different from yours?( be the same as … / be different from … )

 

14. You must try to eat less meat . 你必须尽量少吃肉。

try to do sth.表示“ 尽力做某事 ” ,不包含是否成功的意思,less是little的比较级

 

15. That sounds interesting. 这听起来很有有趣。

这是“主语+系动词+表语”结构的简单句。sound(听起来),look(看起来),smell (闻起来),taste(尝起来),feel(觉得),seem(好象),grow(变得),get

(变得)等词在英语中可用作系动词,后跟形容词作表语。如:

It tastes good.  这味道好。

The music sounds very sweet. 这音乐听起来很入耳。

The smoke grew heavier and heavier. 烟雾变得越来越浓了。

(Keys:

1.“How often do they have a dancing party?”
“Usually, once every other week.”(every two weeks)

2.你周末通常做什么?我常去看电影。
4.As for myself, I don’t want to go now.

5.The teacher doesn't want us to eat hamburgers.
6.It's good for us to do more reading.)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

语法聚焦:

一般现在时的特殊疑问句


1.本单元的重点句型是what和how often等疑问代词或疑问副词引导的特殊疑问句,其基本形式为:疑问词+助动词/系动词+主语+谓语动词+其他(状语)?

What do you usually have for dinner?你通常晚餐吃什么?
How often does he go fishing?他多久钓一次鱼?
2.常见的疑问代词有what,who,whom,which等,疑问副词有when,how,why,where等。疑问代词在句中常作主语、宾语、表语等;疑问副词在句中常作时间、地点、方式、原因状语等。
 例如: Who will go with you?谁和你一起去?(主语)
       What do you often do on vacation?你假期经常做什么?(宾语)
       How do you go to school every day?你每天怎样上学?(方式状语)
3.在一般现在时的特殊疑问句中,若谓语动词是实义动词,主语是单数第三人称或单数名词时,主语前加助动词does,其他情况用助动词do.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


典例剖析:

1.Their country is very rich ,        it is very small.
  A.thuogh   B.because  C.and  D.so

剖析】此题考查连词的用法。前句意为“他们的国家非常富有”,后句意为“国家非常小”,两句有转折之意,故应选A。


2.——Can your father drive?
  ——Yes,and he usually           to school.
   A.drove   B.is driving   C.drives   D.has driven  (2008武汉中考)

剖析】此题考查一般现在时中谓语动词的用法。由频率副词usually 可判断句子的时态为一般现在时;因句子主语为第三人称单数,故谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式,答案选C。同学们要记住:“三人形,必有S”哦!

 

3.Reading English in the morning is good            learning English.
     A.at     B.for    C.to     D.of      (第二届“冰凌花”竞赛)

剖析】此题考查相近词组的用法。be good at意为“善于,擅长”, be good for…意为“对……有益/有好处”, be good to意为“对……友好”,没有be good of用法。只有B答案合符题意。

    本站是提供个人知识管理的网络存储空间,所有内容均由用户发布,不代表本站观点。请注意甄别内容中的联系方式、诱导购买等信息,谨防诈骗。如发现有害或侵权内容,请点击一键举报。
    转藏 分享 献花(0

    0条评论

    发表

    请遵守用户 评论公约

    类似文章 更多