考点扫描：
一）习惯用语：
look the same=look like 看起来像
in some ways在某些方面
as you can see 正如你能看到的
look different 看起来不同
in common 共同的
as +<形容词/副词原级> +as …与…一样
not as/so…as… …不如…
more than=over 多于,超过
be good at=do well in sth./doing sth.爱好于…
make sb. +do 使某人…
have good grades 成绩优良
be good with sb. 善于与某人相处
call…at +电话号码 拨…找…
stop doing sth. 停止做某事
stop to do sth. 停下来做某事
begin with..以…开始
most of……中的大多数
primary school 小学
both…and… 两者都
laugh at…嘲笑…
my twin sister 我的双胞胎姐姐
be outgoing 爱抛头露面
short hair 短发
more athletic 更健美
the same as 同……一样
lots of 许多
3 centimeters taller 高了三厘米
二）重点句型：
1．I'm more outgoing than my sister．我比我妹妹更爱出风头。
2．He has shorter hair than Sam．他的头发比山姆的短。
3．Tom is more athletic than Sam．汤姆比山姆更健美。
4．Liu Ying is not as good at sports as her sister.
刘莹不如她姐姐擅长体育。
5．Both girls go to lots of parties．两个女孩都参加了许多晚会。
6．In some ways we look the same，and in some ways we look different.在某些方面，我们看起来一样，在某些方面，我们看起来不同。
7．My good friend is good at schoolwork．我的好朋友爱好干学校事务。
8．I think a good friend makes me laugh．我认为好朋友会使我发笑。
9．I'm about 3 centimeters taller now．我现在(比以前)高了3厘米。
三）交际用语：
Is that Sam? No,that's Tom.
He has shorter hair than Sam.
He's calmer than Sam.
四)主题写作：运用比较级介绍人和事。
词语点击：
1.outgoing: ['aut,g?ui?]
①形容词adj. 外向的，友好的，开朗的, 直率的
Would you say that you were an outgoing person? 你认为你外向吗?
②名词 n.出发;出外；(常用复数)开支;费用
【积累】 outgoing的反义词是introverted内向的，矜持的，寡言的
2.serious: ['si?ri?s]
形容词 adj. 严重的;危急的;令人担心的; 严肃的,庄严的。
His error is serious. 他的错误很严重。
He was kind and affectionate, but very serious.
他仁慈、亲切,但非常严肃。
【拓展】seriuos 的名词形式为seriousness；其副词形式为seriously.
He is joking. Don't take it seriously.
他是跟你开玩笑呢。 你别当真。
When people ask you to do something， you should take it seriously.
人家托你的事， 你别不在意。
3.mean: [mi:n]
动词 v.(言词等)表示...的意思; 意欲,意图,打算;
What does the phrase mean?这短语是什么意思?
I realized what he meant.我明白他的意思了。
Do you mean to go without money?你想身无分文就走吗?
【拓展】（1）问某物是什么意思可用“What do …mean?”等于“What do you mean by…?”或“What′s the meaning of…?” meaning是mean的名词形式。例如：
What does the word mean?= What′s the meaning of the word?
或What do you mean by saying the word?
(2)means意为 “手段，方法，工具”,单复数同形（词尾永远有-s）。若用作主语，其谓语动词的数根据句意来确定。例如：
Every means has been tried,but we find only by this means can we do it well.
每种方法都试过了，但我们发现通过只有这种方法才能做好。（后半句为倒装句）
4.as: [?z, ?z]
一)as作副词，表示程度，意为“同样地”。
在“as…as…”，“not as/so…as…”结构中的第一个as是副词，第二个as 是连词，作“和/与……(不)一样”解。
Jack is as tall as his father (is).杰克和他的父亲一样高。
二)as作介词:
①作“如，像”解。用法类似于like。
eg： They got united as one man.他们团结得像一个人一样。
②作“充当，作为”解。，eg： as a writer，
He was famous./ he was famous as a writer.作为作家，他是很有名的。
He came to China as a tourist five years ago.
他五年前以游客的身份来过中国。
三）as作连词的用法
1）几个关于as...as的常见句型：
(1)as...as possible
Please answer my question as soon as possible.请尽快回答我的问题。(2)as...as usual/before
She looks as pretty as before.她看起来和以前一样漂亮。
(3)as well as
She cooks as well as her mother does.她烧菜烧得跟她母亲一样好。
一些带有as...as结构的常见短语归纳：
as busy as a bee像蜜蜂一样忙碌
as easy as ABC像ABC一样容易
as deep as a well像井一样深
as light as a feather像羽毛一样轻
2.）as用作连词引导时间状语从句
as与when，while都是引导时间状语从句的从属连词，含义都是"当……的时候"。但它们有区别：用when时，从句的动作可以与主句的动作同时发生，也可以先于主句的动作发生；用while时，从句的动作为一过程，主句动作与从句动作同时进行或在从句动作过程中发生；用as时，主句和从句的动作同时发生，具有延续的含义。例如：
(1)It was snowing when he arrived at the construction site.
他到达工地时，天正在下雪。
(2)He was watching TV while his mother was cooking.
他母亲做饭时他在看电视。
(3) You will grow wiser as you grow older.
你会随着年龄的增长而越来越聪明。
3）as用作连词引导原因状语从句
as，because，since都可以表示因果关系，连接原因状语从句，含义是"因为，由于"，但它们有区别：because表示的语气最强；as一般放在句首，语气较弱，较口语化；since常常用在书面语中，表示多为对方已知的、或稍加分析便可得知的原因，有时可译作"既然"。例如：
(1) He will succeed because he is in earnest.
他一定会成功，因为他很认真。
(2) Since you are so sure of it he′ll believe you.
既然你对此如此有把握，他会相信你的。
(3) As rain has fallen, the air is cooler.因为下过雨，空气比较清爽。
四）as的其他几个用法；
①用于the same...as结构
This is the same book as I read last week.
这本书和我上周读的那本是一样的。
②用于such...as结构中
I don′t like such books as he recommends.我不喜欢他推荐的那些书。
而such as作“例如”讲，引出列举项。
The farm grows various kinds of crops, such as wheat, corn, cotton and rice. 这个农场种植各种各样的庄稼，例如麦子，玉米，棉花和稻米。
③用于"so +adj. + a/an + n. (单数) + as "结构中
I am not so strong a man as I was.我已经没有从前那么强壮了
5.way: [wei]
名词 n.① 路,通路,道路，方向[C]
Can you show me the way to the post office? 你能否告诉我去邮局的路?
② 路程,距离[the S] It's a long way to the railroad station.
到火车站路程很远。
③方法,方式[C][(+to-v)] Scientists are trying to find ways to prevent
the disease.科学家们正试图找到防止疾病的方法。
④风俗,习惯;风度;作风[C] I did not like the way he talked to me.
我不喜欢他跟我讲话的方式。
⑤方面,点[C] Their plan is recommendable in many ways.
他们的计划在许多方面都是可取的。
【积累】 way构成的短语有：on the/one′s way to 在通往/某人去某地的路上;in…way用……方法; in many ways在许多方面;by the way顺便问/说一句;in the way挡道，碍事
6.both: [b?uθ]
①形容词 adj. 两...(都),两个...(都)
Both his eyes were severely burned. 他的双眼都严重烧伤了。
②代词 pron. 两者(都);两个(都);双方(都)
Why not buy both? 为什么不把两件都买下?
③副词 adv. 并;又;两者皆 We like Amy and Phil both.
艾米和菲尔两个我们都喜欢。
④连接词 conj. 既...且...;...和...都
The prospects both excited and worried me.
这前景既使我激动又令我忧虑。
⑤构成both…and…意为“不但……而且……”，若连接两个并列的主语，谓语动词用复数形式；该词组的否定形式为neither…nor…(既不……也不……)或not…either…or….例如：
He can speak both Japanese and French.的否定形式为：
He can speak neither Japanese and French.
或 He can′t speak either Japanese or French.
直接否定both是一种部分否定，表示“并非两者都”。（“部分否定”讲解详见本书第四单元“火眼金睛”中“5.‘否定’也温柔”）
【辨析】all , both, 表示“都”，“全部”。
(1) both指两个人或物，而all指三个以上的人或物，在句中都可作主语、宾语、表语、同位语或定语。
Both of us want to go. 我们两人都想去。
All of us should work hard.我们都应努力工作。
(2) both和all都可直接修饰名词；名词前如有限定词时，其前只能用both of或all of.
Both brothers are clever. 兄弟俩都聪明。
Both of the books are useful.两本书都有用。
(3) both和all在句中的位置是位于be动词之后，行为动词之前，如有情态动词或助动词，则位于情态动词或助动词与主动词之间。
We are all here. 我们都来了。
[特别提醒]
both的反义词是neither, all的反义词是none。
Both of us are not doctors. 我们俩并非都是医生。 (部分否定)
Neither of us is a doctor. 我们俩都不是医生。(全部否定)
All of the books are not helpful.
并非所有这些书都对人有帮助。(部分否定)
7.however: [hau'ev?]
1)连接词 conj.然而,可是,不过
I feel a bit tired. However, I can hold on.我有点累了,但我能坚持下去。
2)副词 adv. ①无论如何,不管怎样
However hot it is, he will not take off his coat.
无论多热,他也不会脱掉外衣。
②不管用什么方法
However he tries, he never seems able to work satisfactorily.
不管他怎么努力,他好像总不能令人满意地工作。
③究竟怎样,到底如何: However did you know that? 你到底怎么知道那件事的?
【拓展】由–ever构成的合成词有：whoever 谁都……，无论谁；whichever 随便哪个，无论哪个；whatever 凡是……的，无论什么；whenever 随时，无论什么时候；wherever 无论哪里，无论到哪里；等等。
8.for: [f?:]
1)介词 prep. ①为,为了:This letter is for you. 这是你的信。
②代替;代表: We used boxes for chairs. 我们用箱子当椅子坐。
③因为,由于: I am sorry for what I said to you. 我后悔不该对你讲那些话。
④ (表示时间、距离等)达,计:
You can see for miles from the roof.你站在屋顶上可以看到数英里之外。
⑤ 对于,关于;在...方面 :
I am too old for the job.我年纪太大,做不了这工作。
⑥ 为得到,为赢得:
He sent the waiter for some fruit. 他让服务员去拿一些水果。
⑦ 以...为代价;以...交换:
He sold his car for 500 dollars. 他以五百元把车卖了。
⑧当作,作为： Do you take me for a millionaire? 你是不是把我当百万富翁?
⑨ 赞成;支持;倾向于
Are you for the plan or against it? 你是支持还是反对这个计划?
⑩朝...方向去;往,向： He left for Taipei. 他出发去台北。
⑾. 就...而言：She is all right for her age.就年龄而言她还行。
2）连接词 conj.因为,由于
We must start early, for it will take two hours to drive to the airport.
我们得早点动身,因为开车去机场得花两个小时。（补充说明，只能放在句子后面）
9.opposite: ['?p?zit]
1)形容词 adj. ①相反的,对立的[(+to)]
They have opposite views on the question.在这个问题上他们持相反的观点。
②对面的,相对的[(+to)]His store is opposite to mine.他的店在我的对面。
He lives opposite to me. 他住在我对面。
There was a garden on the opposite side of the street.街的对面有个花园。
2)名词 n. 对立面;对立物[C][the S][(+of)]
Black is the opposite of white. 黑色的相反是白色。
3)介词 prep. 在...对面(=across from)
The post office is opposite the bank. 邮局在银行对面。
4)副词 adv. 在对面,在对过
They sat opposite on the lawn. 他们面对面坐在草坪上。
10.interest: ['int?rist]
1）名词 n.兴趣;关注;爱好; 趣味性; 感兴趣的事物或人; 利益;利害; 利息; 股份,股权
I showed my interest in physics.我对物理感兴趣。
His two great interests in life are music and painting.
他生活中的两大兴趣是音乐和绘画。
We work for our common interests. 我们为共同的利益而工作。
I borrowed the money at 5% interest. 我以五分利息借了那笔钱。
He has an interest in the company.他在这家公司拥有股份。
2）及物动词 vt.使发生兴趣;引起...的关心
Chemistry interests him. 他对化学感兴趣。
He interested me in politics. 他使我对政治发生兴趣。
【注意】interest的形容词有两种形式：interested,interesting.它们的用法详见本书第一单元：“火眼金睛”中的“兴趣知多少”。
11.though: [e?u]
1） 连接词 conj.虽然;尽管
Though he is rich, his life is not happy. 他虽然很有钱,但生活并不幸福。
2）副词 adv. (一般放在句尾)然而,还是
It was a hard job, he took it though. 这是份苦差事,可他还是接受了。
【积累】
1）though 与 although 引导让步状语从句的比较：
though与 although 同义，一般情况下可互相换用。但 although 比 though 更正式，多用于书面体，且多放于句首。在 although 或 though 引导的让步状语从句中，主句不能用 but ，但可使用 yet ， still 。例如：
Although / Though he is in poor health, (yet) he works very hard.
尽管他身体不好，然而他工作很努力。
though 可用在倒装句中，但 although 不能。例如：
Although / Though he is clever, he doesn't study well.
Clever though he is, he doesn't study well.尽管他很聪明，学习却不好。
2）though 构成的短语：
as though = as if 好像 even though = even if 即使
12.care: [k??]
1）不及物动词 vi. ① 关心;担心;在乎,介意[(+about/for)]
Do you care if I go? 如果我去的话,你不介意吧?
②关怀,照顾[(+for)] ③喜欢,愿意,想要[(+for)]
I don't care for coffee. 我不喜欢喝咖啡。
2）及物动词 vt. ① 对...介意,对...计较[+wh-]
I don't care what they say. 我不在乎他们说什么。
② 喜欢,愿意,想要[+to-v]I don't care to go out. 我不想出去。
3)名词 n. 照料，关怀，小心。常构成短语：take (good)care of=look after┅well（好好）照顾。
例如：The baby needs a lot of care.这个婴儿需要精心照料。
13.necessary: ['nes?,s?ri]
1)形容词 adj. ①必要的,必需的[(+for/to)]
Oxygen is necessary for life. 氧气是生命所必需的。
②必然的,无法避免的
Poor health is a necessary result of over-exertion.
体弱是过度劳累的必然结果。
2)名词 n. 必要的物品;必需品
She has enough money to buy the necessaries of life.
她有足够的钱购买生活必需品。
【注意】It′s necessary for sb. to do sth.做某事对某人来说是必要的。
例如：It′s necessary for us to learn English well.
(这句话应该懂吧，切记！！！)
14.friendship: [′frend?ip]
名词n.友情, 友谊, 友好
I valued my friendship with my classmates.我珍视我和同学们之间的友谊。
A hedge between keeps friendship green. 君子之交淡如水。
To our friendship! 为我们的友谊干杯!
Friendship is love with understanding. 友谊是爱加上谅解。
Friendship multiplies joys and divides griefs.
友谊可以增添欢乐，可以分担忧愁。
Friendship often end in love, but love, in friendship- never.
友谊常因爱而结束；爱从不以友谊而告终。
Friendship ---- one soul in two bodies.友谊是两人一条心。
Friendship cannot stand always on one side. 友谊是双方的事。
Friendship should not be all on one side.友谊不该只是单方面的事。
【积累】类似的词有：ownership物主关系 hardship艰苦relationship关系
15.information： [,inf?'mei??n]
名词 n报告;消息;报导;情报资料;信息[U][(+about/on)]
The book contains much useful information. 这本书包含了许多有用的资料。
We received information that you had arrived.我们得到了你已抵达的消息。
【注意】information是不可数名词，同学们往往受汉语影响把它误认为可数名词。类似的词还有：news（新闻）;advice（建议）;fun（乐趣）;weather（天气）;progress（进步）等等。例如：他取得了很大的进步。
（误）What a great progress he has made!
(正) What great progress he has made!
火眼金睛：
1.欲与天公试比“高”：
tall与high都有“高的”意思，先加以比较：
（1）说人，动物，树木等有生命的东西，主要用tall，不用high；tall常用来表示同类之中的高者，它用于指由底到顶的高度，尤其是当高度大于宽度或直径的时候。例如a tall man，a tall tree等。
（2）说一个不与地面接触的人和物的高时，要用high，而不用tall，比如人站在树上时，飞机飞上天时。例如：
He is high up in the tree. 他高高地爬在树上。
The plane is so high in the sky. 飞机在空中这么高。
（3）指建筑物、山时要tall或high都可以，不过high的程度比tall高。
（4）high常用于抽象意义或比喻意义。如：high price, high speed, high position等。
（4）high可作副词，tall不能。
（5）tall的反义词为short, high的反义词为low.
2.“聪明”宝宝大比拼：
smart，clever，bright与wise四者都是“聪明”的意思，
但各自的含义与用法不同：
①clever指人或动物的脑子灵活，指做成的事物时，常含有巧妙的意思；
②smart与clever同义，但更强调顽皮的一面；
③bright通常指年轻人或小孩的聪明，常用于口语；
④wise指由于知识、经验丰富及良好的判断能力而正确对待或处理人或事，常用于正式、客气的场合。
例如：
He is a clever boy．他是个聪明的孩子。
That is a clever plan．那是个巧妙的计划。
You can't cheat him because he is a smart boy．
你骗不了他，因为他是个聪明伶俐的孩子。
The bright boy is reading English in the bright room．
这个聪明伶俐的孩子在明亮的房间里读英语。
a wise saying 至理名言 a wise leader 英明的领袖
3.笑声有多脆？
laugh和smile都是“笑”的意思，都可做动词，又可作名词，
但它们的含义不同：
laugh一般是有声的笑,可以是大笑.常构成短语laugh at，有“嘲笑”的意思；而smile一般是无声的微笑，通常是好意的微笑，表示善意的或愉悦的心情。
The joke made all laugh loudly.这个笑话使所有人开怀大笑。
She came in with a smile on her face.她面带微笑走了进来。
【积累】含“笑”的常用语：
He who laughs last laughs best. 笑到最后笑得最好。
belly laugh 捧腹大笑
A man may smile and smile and be villain. 笑里藏奸.
A smile sweeps all your sorrows away.一笑解千愁
（同学们；看到这里，你也笑一笑吧，记住只可smile,不可laugh哦！）
4.究竟胜过谁？
win和beat都作"赢"、"战胜"讲，都可用作及物动词，其区别主要在于——
宾语的不同：
①充当win的宾语的是比赛、战争、奖品、金钱等名词，即race，match，game， competition，war，prize之类的词；
②充当beat的宾语的则是比赛、竞争的对手，即指人或球队的名词或代词。
例如：
He won first prize in the surfing competition．他在冲浪比赛中获得第一。We beat the strongest team in the football match this time．
在这次足球赛中我们战胜了最强的那个队
【积累】：beat a dead horse 鞭打死马令其奔驰——徒劳
A dog will not howl if you beat him with a bone. 肉骨头打狗狗不叫。
5.使唤他人妥（to）不妥(to)?
make 是使役动词， 后面跟复合宾语的时候，宾语补足语用不带to的不定式，“make sb.do sth.”或“”make sb.+adj”。常见的使役动词有：have,keep,let等。例如：
The music made us all want to dance.音乐让我们所有人都想跳舞。
What he said made the teacher angry. 他说的话让老师生气。
但make 用于被动语态，表示“被迫做某事”的时候，需要把to 加上，即“be made to do”.
He was made to change his mind. 他被迫改变了主意。
试比较：①have sb do sth 意思是“让某人做某事”
②have sth done 意思是“使某件事被（别人）做”
We had the machine mended just now.我们刚才请人把机器修好了。
③have sb doing sth 意思是“使某人（一直）做某事”
The two cheats had their lights burning all night long．
两个骗子让灯整夜地亮着。
Although the farm is large，my dad has only two men working for him．
虽然农场大，但我爸爸只雇了两人为他（一直）干活。
（是啊！我们现在知道了：使唤别人不妥，被使唤未尝“不妥” ！）
6.拾遗补缺“插入语”：
课本有句：So who do you think should get the job,Ruth or Rose?
那么你认为谁应该得到这份工作，露丝还是罗斯？
句中的do you think用于特殊疑问句中做插入语，who作主语，其后使用陈述语序。类似的插入语还有：do you believe(你相信), do you say（你说）, do you guess（你猜），do you suppose(你推断)等。
How long did you say she would stay here?你说她会呆多久？
When do you suppose they’ll be back?你推断他们什么时候会回？
How old did you think she was？你认为她多大？
一般来说，插入语在句中不起主要作用。如果把插入语抽去，句子的含义不大受影响。但是，有的插入语却是句子不可缺少的一部分。例如：
He got the news from (nobody knows) where.
他这消息谁也不知道是从哪儿得来的。（可见：插入语也是可以拾遗补缺的哦！）
7.范围有多大？
在英语最高级句型中，我们时常会用到表示比较范围的短语，而in, of, among是构成这些短语的常用介词。但是，这三个词在最高级中的用法却有所不同。 1） in表示环境范围，通常用于在一定范围内的比较，后面常常接表示区域、时间、单位、团体等的名词或代词，并且后面的名词和主语不是同一概念的范畴。例句：
(1) The Changjiang River is the longest river in China.
长江是中国最长的河。
(2) London is the biggest city in Britain. 伦敦是英国最大的城市。
(3) She sings the best in Class Two. 二班她唱歌最好。
(4) The child was very young, but he wasn't the youngest in the family.
这孩子很小，但他在家里不是最小的。
2）of用来表示对象范围，一般用于同类事物之间的比较，且of后面的名词与主语是同一概念范畴。
(1)"the+基数词(+名词复数)"结构，指的是具体数目中，表示"……个之中最"。例句：
①Peter is the oldest boy of the three boys.
在这三个男孩中，彼得是年纪最大的。
②This is the smallest of the three.这是三者之中最小的。
③This is the shortest of the four roads. 这是四条路中最近的一条路。
(2)"of all, of all+(the)+名词复数，of all+one's+名词复数"结构表示"其中之最"。例句：
①Of all choices, this is the best.在各种办法之中，这种最好。
②He's the most intelligent of all the students.
在所有学生中，他是最聪明的。
③Of all my hobbies, swimming is my favourite.
在我的业余爱好中，我最喜欢游泳。
④ They all spoke English badly, but Jack spoke the worst of them.
他们所有人英语说得都不好，但杰克是他们之中说得最差的一个。 of, among用于在多数同类事物中(通常为三者以上)进行比较，表示"其中之最"，后面一般接名词或代词。同of一样，也表示对象范围，因此among与of有时可互换使用。例句：
(1) Li Ming is the most handsome among(of) the boys.
李明是男孩中最英俊的。
(2) This book is the best among the modern novels.
这本书是现代小说中最好的。
(3)The picture is the most beautiful among these.
在这些图画中，这一张是最漂亮的。
此外，among后面还可以接形容词的最高级，表示"其中之一"的含义。例句： (1) London is among the largest cities in the world.
伦敦是世界上最大的城市之一。
(2) Hangzhou is among the most beautiful cities in China.
杭州是中国最美丽的城市之一。
8.风云“聚”义厅：
本单元重点句子释义集锦：
1. Here are photos of me and my twin sister Liu Ying.
这儿是我和我的孪生妹妹刘英的一些照片。
① photos of me 表示照片上的人是“我”；photos of mine 表示照片的拥有者是“我”；
② my twin sister 中的twin是名词作定语，用单数形式。例如：
Tom is my twin brothers.
2. As you can see, in some ways we look the same.
正如你看到的那样，我们在一些方面长得一样。
① as 表示“就像……一样”，as you can see 表示“正如你看到的那样”，as you know（正如你所知道的）；as you think（正如你所想的）
② look the same（长得一样），反义词组为 look different（长得不一样），而look like…则表示“某人长得像某人”
3. Although my hair is shorter than hers.虽然我的头发比她的短些。
although 相当于though，用来引导让步状语从句，意思是“虽然，尽管”。
although 较正式，语气强，though最常用，二者引导的从句不能与but和however连用，但可以与yet, still连用。
① Though/Although he was tired, he went on working.
= He was tired, but he went on working.
② Though /Although he was ill, he still came on time.
= Even though he was ill, he still came on time.
4. However, we both enjoy going to parties.
但是，我们两人都喜欢去参加聚会。
however是一个表转折的副词，意思是“然而，可是，不过”。
它还有“无论如何，不管怎样”的意思。
e.g.: She always goes swimming, however cold it is.
enjoy doing sth.“喜欢做某事”；enjoy oneself = have a good time
① He （喜欢） （画画）last year. But now he doesn’t.（enjoyed,drawing）
② —Did you enjoy (you) at the party, Lucy?—Yes, I did. (yourself)
6. Liu Li has more than one sister.刘丽不止一个妹妹。
more than（=over）的意思是“超过，比……多”，反义词是less than“不足，少于”
e.g.: We have more than 150 teachers in our school.
7. Liu Ying is not as good at sports as her sister.
这个句子是as…as…的否定句型，即not so/as…as…，意思是“不如……；不及……”；“与……不一样”。
① He is as tall as me.他和我一样高。
② He is not as tall as me. 他没有我高。
= He is shorter than me./= I’m taller than him.
8. I think a good friend makes me laugh.我认为一个好朋友能让我欢笑。
（1）这是一个主从复合句，I think是主句，后面跟的是宾语从句，用陈述句语序。
I think you are right.（主、从句之间省略了引导词that）
I don’t think you are right.（否定句）
（2）make在本句中是使役动词，意思是“使某人做……；让某人……”，其后跟动词原形或形容词。
Who made you so happy? Don’t make the baby cry.
I made them not come so early.
(make sb. not do sth. )（使某人不做某事。）
9. Some friends have opposite views and interests.
一些朋友有相反的观点和不同的兴趣。
（1）opposite在这里用作形容词，意思是“相反的，对立的”，无比较级。
She sits opposite to me.（此处用作副词“在……对面”）
（2）interest在本句中用作可数名词，意思是“爱好”，“引起兴趣的地方”。
My best friend has lots of interests.
它还可以用作不可数名词，意为“兴趣”。
I have interest in English. = I’m interested in English.
10. We asked some people what they think and this is what they said.
我们问一些人他们想些什么，这就是他们所说的。
本句中的what they think是宾语从句，作ask的宾语。What they said是一个表语从句，和前面的is构成系表结构。句中的what是think和said的宾语。
（1）I don’t know （你说的话）。（what you said）
（2）This is （她所听到的）。(what she heard)
11. I like to have friends who are like me.
我喜欢交一些与我有共同点的人做朋友。
从句who are like me在句中作定语，修饰限定friends，称为定语从句。
Who是引导词，用于引导定语从句，friends叫先行词。
① I need a man who can do the work.
②I like the people who are outgoing.
12. I like to have friends who are different from me.
我喜欢交那些跟我不一样的朋友.
此句和上句一样，是含有定语从句的主从复合句。Who are different from me意思是“与我不同”，同义句为who are not like me或who are not the same as me. be different from…“与……不同”。
① The weather in America is different from in China.（×）
The weather in America is different from that in China.（√）
② My view is different from (you). （yours ）
= My view isn’t .（the same as yours）
13. I’m quieter than most of the kids in my class.
我比班上大多数孩子文静。
此句中的most of意思是“……中的大多数”，后面跟名词或代词宾格的复数形式。
① Most of us/them/you like sports.
② Most of the books are useful.= Most books are useful.
【小练习】句型转换。
1. I’m shorter than he is. (改为一般疑问句)
________ _________ shorter than ________ ___________ ?
2. Tina is Twelve. Mary is twelve, too. (合成一个句子)
_______ Tina ________ Mary __________ twelve.
3. Tom is popular. Jim is more popular. (合成一个句子)
_________ is _________ popular than ___________ is.
4. They both enjoy going to the movies. (改为同义句)
_______ __________ ________ enjoy going to the movies.
5. Little Tina likes playing chess. (改为同义句)
Little Tina __________ ____________ ________ playing chess.
（Keys:1. Are you; he is;2. Both; and; are;3. Jim; more; Tom;
4. Both of them;5. is interested in)
语法聚焦：
形容词的比较级和最高级
一、比较级的定义：
大多数的形容词都有三个级别：原级、比较级、最高级。其中比较级表示“更……”，用于两者之间的比较，用来说明“前者比后者更……”，比较级前面一般用much, even, a little修饰，其中even, much 只能修饰比较级。
二、比较级的构成：
（1）规则变化：
①单音节和部分双音节的形容词一般在词尾加-er
Eg: calm---calmer tall---taller smart---smarter
②以字母e结尾的直接在词尾加-r
Eg: nice---nicer fine---finer large---larger
③以“辅音+y 结尾的词，变y为 i，再加-er”
Eg: early---earlier happy---happier busy---busier
④以重读闭音节的单个辅音字母结尾的词，双写辅音字母，再加-er
Eg: big---bigger thin---thinner hot---hotter
⑤多音节或部分双音节的形容词在原级前面加more
Eg: popular---more popular important---more important
（2）不规则变化：
少数形容词的比较级变化是不规则的：
good---better bad/ill---worse many/much---more
little---less far---farther/further old---older/elder
三、比较级的用法:
(一)当两个人或事物（A和B）进行比较时，我们需要用到形容词（副词）的原级或者比较级
1． 表达“A和B一样”，用as…as的结构。
公式: A+be动词+as+形容词原级+as…+B A+实义动词+as+副词原级+as…+B
I am as tall as you.我和你一样高。
He runs as fast as I. 他跑得和我一样快。
2．表达“A不如B”用not as/so…as的结构。
公式: A+be动词的否定形式+as+形容词原级+as…+B
A+助词的否定形式+动词+as+形容词原级+as…+B
I am not as tall as you.我没有你高。
He doesn’t run as fast as I. 他没有我跑得快。
2． 表达“A大于B”用“比较级+than”的结构。
公式: A+be动词+形容词比较级+than+B…
A+实义动词+副词比较级+than+B…
I am taller than you.我比你高。
He runs faster than I. 他跑得比我快。
(二)关于形容词、副词比较级的更多用法
1．比较级前面可以加上表示“优劣程度”的词或短语，意思是“更…”，“…得…”。常见词有much, a little, even, a lot, a great deal等。
He is much taller than I.他比我要高得多。
I jump a little higher than he.我跳得比他高一点点。
2.比较级前面可以加上表示具体数量差别的结构,表示具体“大多少”，“小多少”，“长多少”，“短多少”等。
I am two years older than he.我比他大两岁。
This building is 20 meters higher than that one.
3．“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。
It is getting warmer and warmer．天气越来越暖和。
He is running faster and faster．他跑得越来越快。
0ur country is becoming more and more beautiful．我们祖国越来越美了。
4．“the more…， the more…”表示“越……，就越……”，
The more，the better.多多益善。
The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you will make.
你越细心，犯错就越少。
5．“the more…of the two…”表示“两个当中较……的一个”
The taller of the two boys is my brother.
四、当三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较时，我们需要用到形容词（副词）的最高级
1．表达“…是…中最…的”,用“the+形容词（副词）的最高级”的结构。后面可以加上表示范围的介词短语或从句。
公式：主语+be动词+the +形容词最高级+（名词）+表示范围的介词短语或从句
主语+实义动词+（the） +形容词最高级+表示范围的介词短语或从句
He is the tallest (student) in our class.
He jumps the highest of the three boys.
This is the best book that I have ever read.
2．表示“最…的…中一个”，用“one of +the +最高级+复数名词”的结构来表达。
He is one of the best students in our class.他是我们班最好的学生之一。
This is one of the most beautiful flowers in the garden.
这是花园里最漂亮的花之。
注意：(一) 形容词的最高级前面有定冠词the , 而副词的最高级前面定冠词the可以省略。但在形容词最高级前有物主代词时，不能要定冠词the.
（二）常见的用来表示范围的介词有in, of, among
五、运用形容词、副词比较级应当注意的问题：
(一)、按语法规则，than后面的人称代词应当用主格，但口语当中有时会用宾格代替主格。
He is more careful than I (me).
(二)、只有同类的事物才能比较
Her bag is bigger than mine.
不能说 Her bag is bigger than I.
The weather of Kunming is much better than that of Shenyang.
不能说The weather of Kunming is much better than Shenyang.
【语法专项练习题】
1、That boy looks as _________ as a boxer.
A. strong B. stronger C. strongest D. more strong
2、The Summer Palace is________ than Zhong Shan park.
A. biger B. more big C. the biggest D. bigger
3、Which do you like__________ , apples or oranges?
A. good B. better C. best D. well
4、--Oh, the food is bad.
--I think so .And the service(服务) is __________.
A．the worst B. worse C. badder D. the worse
5、--You are the same coat as I.
--Yes, Mine is __________ , but not so __________ as yours.
A. better, expensive B. better, more expensive
C. much better, more expensive D. good, more expensive
6、The experts think that India’s population may be_____than China’s __________ 2020.
A. much, by B. more, in C. larger, by D. larger, on
7、This year our school is __________ than it was last year.
A. much beautiful B. the most beautiful
C. beautifuler D. much more beautiful
8、__________ you work, __________ knowledge you will get.
A. The harder, more B. The harder, the more
C. Harder, the more D. Harder, more
9、He has__________ friends than I.
A. much more B. many more C. very more D. too more
10、She draws better than__________ .
A. us all B. we all C. all us D. all we
11、Shanghai is larger than__________ city in China.
A. any B. any other C. the others D. any else
12、I’m not sure whether Mary can sing __________ Ann.
A. as well as B. as good as C. as better as D. so good as
13、I have fewer apples than __________ .
A. he B. his C. hers D. mine
14、The news is __________ surprising.
A. much B. very C. more D. very much
15、The population of China is larger than __________ .
A. America B. the one of Americas
C. that of America D. Americans
16、Which is ____________clothing store in your town?
A. the best B. the better C. the most good D. best
17、My sister is ____________person I know.
A. the funniest B. the funnier C . the most fun D. funniest
18、Is Mr Du __________ teacher in your school?
A. the most busy B. the busier
C. the most busiest D. the busiest
19、He is ________more beuutiful than I.
A. too B. enough C. much D. very
20、The box is ______heavy .I can’t move it.
A. much B. more C. enough D. too
21、The book is the__________one in the bookshop．
A．the most cheap B．the expensive
C．the most expensive D．the less expensiver
22、I have _______ apples and ______milk than you.
A. many, little B. more, less C. more, least D. many, less
23、You should study English hard, because it’s getting_________ in our country .
A. more and more important B. more important and more important
C. importanter and importanter D. important and important
24、Her brother is __________than she.
A. 7 year older B. 7 year old C. 7 years old D. 7 years older
25、The Famous People Talent Show was one of ____________that I have ever seen.
A. the most fantastic show B. most fantastic shows
C. the more fantastic shows D. the most fantastic shows
(Keys: 1—5ADBBA 6—10CDBAA 11—15BAABC 16—20AADCD 21—25CBADD )
典例剖析：
1.Do you enjoy _________ English in our class,Mr Green?
A.teach B.taught C.to teach D.teaching （北京中考题）
【剖析】本题看出enjoy的用法。enjoy后接动词作宾语只能用动词-ing形式，不能用不定式，故答案选D.（类似的动词有：finish,practice,keep等。）
2.Lucy is _______ one of the twins.
A.the tallest B.taller C.the taller D.tall
【剖析】本题看出形容词比较级和最高级的用法。双胞胎是两个人，比较时只能用比较级；the taller one是特指两人中较高的那一人，故本题答案应该选C.
3.This pair of shoes are not mine.Mine are black.(改错)
A B C D
【剖析】本题看出pair的用法。shoes,pants,trousers(长裤)，gloves(手套)等等一类词直接做句子的主语时，谓语动词要用复数，但被pair修饰时，则依据pair的单复数决定谓语动词的形式。本句主语应是This pair of shoes，所以谓语动词要用单数。故本题答案选B,并将其改为is.
