(一)用“be going to” 结构表示将来要发生的事,或打算、计划,决定要做的事情。新目标初二上第10单元重难点讲解1. 这个结构的使用主要侧重于口语。表示事先计划好的客观的或肯定要发生的事情。状语经常是表示将来的词。如:tomorrow , the day after tomorrow , soon (不久), this afternoon , this evening , this year , before long (不久) , in the future (将来), in the near future (在不久的将来),some day (某天)
2. 陈述句基本构成: 主语 + be (am , is , are) + going to + 动词原形 如:I am going to travel around the world . 我将到世界各地旅游。 They are going to meet outside the school gate . 他们将在校门口见面。 He is going to play basketball tomorrow . 他打算明天打蓝球。 It is going to rain . 天将下雨。 上边四句中am , is , are为助动词,根据主语不同而改变。“going to”每个句中都有。注意to 后边的动词:travel , meet , play , rain 都是原形。
3. 否定句: 主 + be + not + going to + 动词原形 如:We are not going to have any classes next week . 下周我们将不上课。 I am not going to be a teacher . 我将不成为教师。
4. 疑问句: 将Am , Is , Are 提前大写即可。 B (Am , Is , Are ) + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 如:Are you going to be a doctor when you grow up ? 你长大后将做一名医生吗? 简略回答:Yes , I am . No , I am not . Is he going to take the piano lesson tomorrow ? 他明天上音乐课吗? Yes , he is . No , he isn’t .
5. 特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词 When (How , What , Where )等 + be (am , is , are ) + 主 + going to + 动词原形 如:你下周日将干什么? What are you going to do next Sunday ? 你下星期天将做什么?
6. 此外表示将来的一般将来时和“be going to ”表将来的区别是什么呢。 一般将来时基本结构是主语 + will(或shall) + 动词原形 + …… 我们还没有学过这种用will / shall 表示的将来时态,但我们在书上已经几次出现。在此同学们只掌握它与be going to 的区别即可。 (1)当说话人在做一个预测时,(他或她认为将来会发生或出现某种情况),will 和 be going to ……都是可以用的。 (2)表达一种事先计划或打算时(说话人打算在将来做某事,因为他已制定了一个计划或决定去做这件事),只能用be going to . 如:He is going to change his job . 他将换份工作。(表示已经计划好了的。) (3)而will , shall 则表示未经事先考虑的意图。 如:There is somebody at the door . I’ll go and open it . 有人敲门,我去开。 (4)表示意愿时,只能用will。
7. 我们说某处有某物用There is ……/ There are ……的句型。 它的原型是There be 句型,那么它的将来时怎么表达呢?怎么带入“be going to ”的结构中去呢? 如:明年在河上将有一座大桥。 我们说:There is going to be a bridge over the river next year . 在这句中,我们看“is”是由“be going to ”的be 来的。 “be”是“there be ”句型中的动词原形“be”。 我们千万不能说: There is going to have ……(×)
8. 当动词为come , go , leave , start , begin , arrive 等表示短暂动作的词时,我们通常用现在进行时表将来。如:我明天将走。 I am going tomorrow . 此时我们不说:I am going to go tomorrow . 又如:他明天下午到达。 He is arriving tomorrow afternoon .
(二)P68 3a. Listen and fill in the chart . The correct answers are : Where ? He is going to move to New York . How ? Chi is going to take acting lessons . When ? He is going to finish high school and college first .
同学们能将它们(以上三个答案)用它们前面的特殊疑问词提问吗?即对划线部分提问? 1. Where is he going to move ? 2. How is Chi going to do ? 3. When is he going to finish high school and college ? ·move to 表示搬家到什么地方 He is going to move to Shanghai . 他将搬到上海。 ·take acting lessons 上表演课
(三)P69 3a. 1. dream job 意思是“理想的工作”。 2. I’m going to do what I want to do . what I want to do 是宾语从句作do 的宾语,这句话的意思是我将做我想做的事情。 3. I’m going to move somewhere interesting . 我将搬到有趣的地方。 还有文章最后一句: Finally , I’m going to retire somewhere quiet and beautiful . 最后我将退休到个安静而美丽的地方。 这二句中somewhere是不定代词,表示“某处”,之后的形容词interesting , quiet and beautiful 做 somewhere 的定语,但修饰不定代词的定语必须后置。 如:nothing difficult 没什么难事 nothing wrong 没什么问题 something delicious 好吃的东西等 4. Paris sounds like a city that I could enjoy . 巴黎听起来像是个我能喜欢的城市。 sound like 听起来像 that I could enjoy 是a city 的定语从句。 5. find a part-time job 找到一份兼职工作。 for a year or two 一、二年 save some money 攒一些钱 some 后可跟可数名词,也可跟不可数名词如: some students (可数名词)一些学生 some money (不可数名词)一些钱 6. at the same time 同时 I study English . At the same time , I study French . 我学英语,同时我学法语。 7. I’m going to hold art exhibitions that will make me rich and famous . 我将举办使我富有和出名的艺术展览会。 hold an exhibition 举办展览会。 hold a meeting 开会 “that will make me rich and famous”是定语从句 make sb + 形容词表示“使某人……” make me happy 使我高兴。 happy 是宾语me的补充说明,叫宾语补足语。那么rich and famous 作宾语me的宾语补足语。
(四)P69 3b. I’m going to write articles and send them to magazines and newspapers . 我将写文章并将它们送到杂志和报纸上去。 send … to … 把……送到什么地方。
(五)P69 4. Beijing is hosting the 2008 Olympic Games . 北京将举办2008年奥运会。 host 动词“主办”。此句为现在进行时表将来。 make the Olympics a success . 意思是使奥运会成功。 make … a success 是说使……成功 success 是名词表示成功。
(六)Section B. P70 1a 一些短语的意思要会 1. play an instrument 演奏一种乐器 2. set good grades 得到好成绩
(七)P70 2b. answers : Manuel : going to study hard and do his homework every day . Kim : going to a summer camp , going to play soccer , going to practice really hard every day .
(八)P71 3a New Year’s Resolution Survey Results 新年决心调查结果 keep fit 保持健康,相当于“keep healthy ” Some parents are going to study the subjects their children learn at school . 一些家长将学习他们孩子们在学校所学的科目。 “their children learn at school ”作 subjects 的定语从句。 They want to communicate better with their kids . 他们想和他们的孩子们更好地联络。 communicate … with sb. 同某人联系
Unit 10 I’m going to be a basketball player.
1.I_______give you a definite answer tomorrow. A.am going to B.will C.would 解析:will表示意愿,“我明天会给你一个明确答复。”be going to表示计划,打算做某事。答案为B。 2. Miss Mendoza_______ for New York tomorrow. A.will leave B.is going to C.is leaving 解析:表示位置移动的词(如:go,come,leave等),它们的进行时表示即将发生或计划要做的事。答案为:C。 3. Mr Morgon is going to retire_______. A.somewhere beautiful B.quiet somewhere C.a nice somewhere 解析:somewhere是不定副词,形容词修饰不定副词/不定代词时,形容词应置于不定副词/不定代词之后。答案为A。
词汇
1. computer programmer 电脑程序设计人 2. professional basketball player 职业蓝球运动员 3. engineer 工程师 4. airline pilot 飞行员 5. take lessons 上课 6. grades 成绩 7. dream job 理想的工作 8. grow up 长大 9. move to 搬到,移动到 10. exhibition 展览 11. resolutions 决心 12. get good grades 得到好成绩 13. get a part-time job 得到一份兼职的工作 14. make more friends 交更多的朋友 15. computer science 计算机科学 16. sounds like 听起来像 17. fashion show 时装表演会 18. at the same time 同时 19. keep fit 保持健康 20. welcome party 迎新会
(四)主要句型:Target language . 1. What are you going to be when you grow up ? 你长大后将干什么? 2. I am going to be a computer programmer . 我将来成为一名电脑程序设计人。 3. How are you going to do that ? 你将怎么做? 4. I’m going to study computer science . 我将要学习计算机科学。 5. Where are you going to work ? 你将去哪里工作? 6. When are you going to do that ? 你将什么时候去做? 课文解析 SA 3a
July My dream job: When I grow up, I’m going to do what I want to do. I’m going to move somewhere interesting. Paris sounds like a city that I could enjoy. They have lots of fashion shows there. I want to be a reporter for a fashion magazine. So how am I going to do it? First, I’m going to find a part-time job for a year or two and save some money. Then I’m going to be a student at an art school in Paris. And I’m going to study French at the same time. Next, I’m going to hold art exhibitions because I want to be rich and famous. I’m going to buy a big house with the money and I’m going to travel all over the world. Finally, I’m going to retire somewhere quiet and beautiful. 1. When I grow up, I’m going to do what I want to do. 当我长大的时候,我将做我想做的事。 (1)when在这里引导一个时间状语从句,“当我长大时” (2)do what I want to do. 意为“做我想做的事” (3)grow up 成长,长大 eg: She is going to be an actress when she grows up Our parents will be old when we grow up. grow还有“生长、发育、增长”的意思。 eg: The crops are growing fast after a heavy rain. 2. move. vt. 移动、搬动 eg: Can you help me to move the box? Kate moved into New York city last year. moved adj. 感动 We were moved after hearing his story. 3. somewhere interesting 意为“某个有趣的地方” 形容词修饰这些复合不定代词时,放在这些词的后面。 eg: something difficult somewhere exciting nothing different 4. sound like “听起来像”后面接名词;sound“听起来…”是一个系动词,后面接形容词。 eg: That sounds like an good idea. Shanghai sounds like a wonderful place. Your idea sounds like a good one. This song sounds beautiful. 5. First, I’m going to find a part-time job for a year or two and save some money. 首先,我打算找一份兼职,干一两年存些钱。 (1)part-time“兼职的”,其反义词为“full-time”(“专职的”) eg: In the morning he works as a part-time cook in a hotel. (2)a year or two = one or two years 一两年 (3)save v. 意为“储蓄、储存、挽救、节约” eg: Children should learn to save. It is a good habit to save money. 6. at the same time. 意为“同时,然而” eg: They answered the question at the same time. This is a difficult problem, at the same time it’s very interesting. 7. Next, I’m going to hold art exhibitions because I want to be rich and famous. 然后,我将举行艺术展览,因为我想变得富有和出名。 hold一词的用法 hold art exhibitions“举行艺术展览” hold a sports meeting 意为“举行运动会”,hold意思为“举行”,这里hold可以用have来替换,即:have a sports meeting. hold还可以表示“拿着,握着,扶着,容纳”等意思。 eg: They held each other’s hand. The room can hold 50 people. 8. with the money“用这些钱” with的用法很多 (1)表示具有,意为“带有,具有” eg: China is a country with a long history. What’s wrong with your machine? (2)表示手段或方法,意为“以…”,“用…” eg: He is writing with a pen. We see with our eyes. (3)表示伴随,意为“与…一道”,“跟…一起” eg: She is playing with some children. Would you like to dance with us? 9. hold的用法: “hold art exhibitions”“举行艺术展览” “hold a sports meeting”意为“举行运动会”,hold意思为“举行”,这里hold可以用have来替换,因此可以表示为have a sports meeting. hold还可以表示“拿着,握着,扶着,容纳”等意思。 hold on (电话)别忙挂,等一等 hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸 The room could hold fifty people. Hold on, please. Mrs. Li will speak to you.
课文解析SB 3a
New Year’s Resolution Survey Results We got over 1,000 letters, faxes, and e-mails from our readers about their New Year’s resolutions. Thank you! Many readers are going to work harder in school this year. Lots of readers are going to play sports. Some readers said they are going to eat more vegetables. A few readers said they are going to learn a new language. Some girls said they are going to exercise more to keep fit. Some parents are going to study the subjects their children learn at school. They want to communicate better with their kids. An old lady said she found a job as a foreign language teacher. She is going to start teaching in China next year. 1. We got over 1,000 letters, faxes, and e-mails from our readers about their New Year’s resolutions. 我们收到来自我们读者的关于他们新年决心的一千多封信件,传真,还有电子邮件。 2. Some parents are going to study the subjects their children learn at school. 有些父母打算学习他们孩子在学校学习的课程。 句中“their children learn at school”作subjects的定语,这个句子是定语从句。 3. They want to communicate better with their kids. 他们想与他们的孩子更好地交流。 communicate with sb. 与…交流 eg: The teachers communicate will with students. 4. An old lady said she found a job as a foreign language teacher. 一位年老的妇女说,她找到了一个当外教的工作。 a foreign language teacher 一个外语教师 a foreign teacher一个外国教师 新目标初二上第10单元教学重点难点新目标初二上第10单元知识讲解一、 两者均可用来表示将来的意图,但"be going to"结构语义稍强些。例如: They are going to climb the Qomolangma one day. 他们准备/想将来某一天去爬珠穆朗玛峰。 二、对于事先经过考虑的打算、计划、意图, 应使用be going to, 而不是will 结构。例如: — What are you going to do next Sunday? 下星期天你打算干什么? — I'm going to go fishing. 我打算去钓鱼。 三、 对于未经过考虑的打算,计划,只是临时之意,则用will 结构,不用be going to 结构。例如: — Where is the telephone book? 电话号码簿在哪儿? — I'll go and get it for you. 我去给你拿。 四、在表示即将发生某事时,两者区别意义不大,多可互换。例如: What is going to happen? 就要发生什么事? What will happen? 将要发生什么事? 一般说来,be going to 表示较近的将来,而will 则表示较远的将来。试比较: It is going to snow tonight. 今晚要下雪。 There will be a strong wind in a few days. 几天后将有一场大风。 五、表示不受人的主观意愿影响的单纯将来, 一般只能用will结构。例如: Tomorrow will be April Fools' Day. 明天是愚人节。 六、在正式的通知(如新闻媒体公布的官方消息,气象预报等)中用will结构。例如: There will be a heavy rain to the south of Huai River. 淮河以南将有大雨。 新目标初二上第10单元重要句型概览及练习 |
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