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【英语】名词性从句易考点和易错点归纳
名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。根据教学实践及对各地高考试题的分析,我们可以看出名词性从句考点主要有以下几点: 一、连接词 1、连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。 2、连接副词：when, where, why, how。有词义，在从句中作状语。 3、从属连词：that, whether, if, as if。that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if (whether), as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。 二、主语从句 1、that引导主语从句时，不能省略。 e.g. That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised. 2、用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。 e.g. It doesn’t matter so much whether you will come or not. 注意：that从句作主语和宾语时，可以用it 来替换成以下几种结构表达。 (1)It is clear/certain/likely/true/surprising that… (2)It is a pity/shame/good idea/no wonder that … (3)It is said/reported/ believed/known/thought/suggested that … （4）It seems/happens that… 如： It happened to me that I went out yesterday. 三、表语从句的引导词、语序和时态 表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。除 that 是连词，没有词义之外其他引导词根据词义来考虑。 e.g. The question was who could go there. 四、宾语从句的引导词、语序和时态 1、it作形式宾语 此类动词find, feel, think, make, consider等动词后常用它作形式宾语，代替后面的从句 。 I think it important that we should learn English well. 有些动词习惯上在宾语从句前加it。如hate,like ,appreciate等。 I will appreciate it if you can join in my party . 2、宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省，在以下几种情况中that不能省略： （1）当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that不可省略； （2）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，that不能省； （3）当that作介词宾语时，通常that不省掉。如： He judged that, because he was a child, he did not understand wine Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do. 3、whether和if的用法。 1）whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。 It all depends on whether they will come back. 2）后面直接跟or not 时用whether。 I didn’t know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan. 3）表语从句、同位语从句中只能用whether。 The question is whether they have so much money. We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do it or not. 4）whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用 The question of whether they are male or female is not important. 5）whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。 I have not decided whether to go or not. 6） 引导条件状语从句时， 必须用if . If it rains tomorrow , we won’t go to the Summer Palace . 五、同位语从句引导词、语序和时态 同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词（如：news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea 、promise等）之后，说明该名词的具体内容。 e.g. I have no idea when he will be back. The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody. 注意: 同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。 同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中做宾语或主语，定语与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句，就应用连词that而不能用which.同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释名词的含义或内容，如以下名词：news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea、promise等，而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。如： They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again. The hope she expressed is that they would come to visit China again. 六、疑问词 + ever和no matter + 疑问词的区别 ①疑问词 + ever可引导名词性从句，在从句中要充当一定的部分。如： Whoever breaks the rule must be punished. You can choose whatever you like in the shop. ②疑问词 + ever还可引导让步状语从句。如： Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished, Whatever you do, you must do it well. ③no matter + 疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。如： No matter what you do, you must do it well. No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished. 七、名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致 （1）宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致，但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象，虽然主句是过去时态，从句仍用一般现在时。如： Hello,I didn’t know you were in London. How long have you been here? The teacher told us that light travels at a very high speed. （2）主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数，如果由and 连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，表示两件事情时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。如： When the meeting will begin has not been decided yet. When they will start and where they go have not been decided yet. When and where the meeting will begin has not been decided. 八、that和what的区别 that 引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不以当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定主语、宾语、表语或定语，what的意思是:“什么, …的….” What surprised me most is her cheerful expression on her face. 特别注意what的双重功能： ①What was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality. (what为“所……的事”，相当于“the thing that…;all that…;everything that…”) ②After ________ seemed a very long time，I opened my eye and found myself in bed. A. what B. when C. that D. which (what相当于“the time that”，表示“……时间”) ③He is not what he was a few years ago. (what表示“……的人”，相当于“the person that…”) ④What is now the North Sahara Desert was once a civilized world. (what表示“……的地方”，相当于“the place that…”) ⑤Our income is now double what it was ten years ago (what表示“……的数目”，相当于“the amount /number that…”) |
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