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一、定义：
名词性从句是由if, whether, that,
how和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句，其功能同名词一样。
二、类型：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句
(请说出以下句子中的画线部分在句子中充当的成分)
1. When we’ll hold the sports meeting has not been
decided yet.
2.The fact that Great Britain is made up of three
countries is still unknown to many people..
3.He wonder if he could use my bike.
4. I am thinking about who will be given the job.
5. That he has won the first prize is true.
6. My parents’ wish is that I can go to a key
university.
7. They are discussing the problem whether they should
ban(禁止) fishing in the lake.
8. The problem is how I can get in touch with them.
9. It is not clear whether she will attend his
wedding.
10. I have no idea when he would return.
三、用法
1、主语从句：在复合句中做主句的主语。引导词有连词that
(that 不可省),whether; 代词有who, what ,which; 副词 when
,where, how, why 等。如:
A. That he is a famous singer is known to
us.
(It is known to us that he is a famous singer.)
B. When he will go to America is not yet fixed.
(It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.)
2.宾语从句：在复合句中做主句的宾语.引导词有连词that
(that 常可省略),whether, if; 代词有who, whose,
what ,which; 副词 when ,where, how, why 等。如:
A. We believe (that) he is honest.
B. I told him (that) I would come back soon.
C. He said (that) he would go there the next day and
that his family wouldn’t go there.
3、表语从句：在复合句中做主句的表语.引导词有连词that
(that 不可省),whether; 代词有who, what ,which;副词 when
,where, how, why 等。如:
A. The problem is that we didn’t get in touch with him.
B. This is how Henry solved the problem.
C. His suggestion is that we (should) finish the work at
once.
(如果句子的主语是suggestion,
advice,
order等名词时,后面引导的表语从句用should+动词原形,should可省略.)
4、同位语从句：在句中起同位语的作用.一般放在名词
fact , news , idea , promise, thought ,
suggestion等之后,用以说明或解释前面的名词。引导词有连that；少数情况下也可用连接副词等。如：
A. The thought that we might success excited us.
B. The idea that they should try a second time is worth
considering.
C. The suggestion that the plan (should) be delayed will be
discussed tomorrow.
(如果名词suggestion,advice.order等词后的同位语从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形,should可省略.)
四、注意
1、注意that
的用法(that引导名词性从句时在从句中不做任何成分，也没有具体的意义。其他连接词在引导从句时都做相应的成分并有具体的意思。)
①主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。如：
A.
That they are good at English is known to us all.
B.
The problem is that we don’t have enough money.
C.
She expressed the hope that they would come to China one day.
②宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省，在以下几种情况中that不能省略：
当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that不可省略；
当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，that不能省；
当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。如：
A. He judged that
because he was a child, he did not understand
what he had said.
B.
Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.
C.
The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.
③that从句做主语和宾语时，可以用it 来替换成以下几种结构表达。
(A)
It is clear/certain/likely/true/surprising that…
(B)It is a pity/shame/good idea/no wonder that ...
(C)It is said/reported/ believed/known/thought/suggested that …
(DIt seems/happens that。如：
It happened that I went out last night.
It is said that China will win in the World Cup.
2、注意同位语从句和定语从句的区别：
A.从句前都有一个名词
B.定语从句中关系词代替先行词在从句中做成分;而在同位语从句中连接词不做成分。
C.定语从句是对前面的名词进行修饰，同位语从句是对前面的名词进行解释说明。
The news that our team has won the final match is
encouraging.
（同位语从句）我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。
The news that you told us is really
encouraging.
（定语从句）
你告诉我们的消息真的令人鼓舞
The suggestion that students should learn something
practical is worth considering.
The suggestion that is worth considering is that the
students should learn something practical.
They put forward the question where they could get the money.
This is the place where the accident happened.
3、whether和if的用法
①whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。如：
It all depends on whether they will come back.
②后面直接跟or not 时用whether。如：
I didn’t know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan..
③主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句中只能用whether。如：
Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.
The question is whether they have so much money.
We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do it or not.
④whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用；whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。如：
The question of whether they are male or female is not important.
I have not decided whether to go or not.
⑤whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”，而if不能。If表示“如果”时，不能用whether。如：
Whether he comes or not, we will begin our party on time.
If I have enough time, I will play football.
4、疑问词 + ever和no matter + 疑问词的区别：
①疑问词 + ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的部分。如：
Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.
You can choose whatever you like in the shop.
②疑问词 + ever还可引导让步状语从句。如：
Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished,
Whatever you do, you must do it well.
③no matter + 疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。如：
No matter what you do, you must do it well.
No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished.
5、名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致、主谓一致、语序。
①
宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致，但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象，虽然主句是过去时态，从句仍用一般现在时。如：
Hello,I didn’t know you were in London. How long have you been here? The teacher told us that light travels at a very high speed.
②
主语从句做主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数，如果由and 连接两个或两个以上的主语从句做主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。如：
When the meeting will begin has not been decided yet.
When they will start and where they go have not been decided yet.
When and where the meeting will begin has not been decided.
③
名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。如：
He asked me what was the matter with me.
We’ve heard the news that well move into the new house.
Whatever you say will interest us all.
专项考点练习
1. ________that they found an unusual plant in the forest.
A. It is said B. They are said C. It said D. It says
2. _____ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
A. What B. That C. How D. Where
3. It worried Mary a lot _____ she would pass the college entrance
examination.
A. whether B. if C. that D. how
4. Shanghai has taken on a new look. It isn’t like _____ it used
to be .
A .what B. how C. that D. which
5. ____ is no possibility ______ Bob will win the first prize in
the match.
A. There, that B. It, that C. There, whether D. It, whether
6. Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster ____ he had
done the day before.
A .that B. how C .what D. where
7. The old man smiled when he saw how pretty _____ up to be during
the past few years.
A. had his daughter grown B. would his daughter grow
C. his daughter would grow D. his daughter had grown
8. Have you seen Mary lately? My boss wants to know _______.
A. how she is getting along B. how is she getting along
C. what she is getting along D. what is she getting along
9. ____surprised me most was _____such a little girl of seven could
play the violin so well.
A. That; what B. What; that C. That; that D. What; what
10. These wild flowers are so special I would do ______ I can to
save them.
A. whatever B. which C. that D. whichever
11. _____ helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
A. Who B. Anyone C. Whoever D. The person
12. Eat _____ you like and leave the others for _____ comes in
late.
A. any; who B. every; whoever C. whichever; whoever D. either;
whoever
13. ____ she couldn’t understand was _____ fewer and fewer
students showed interest in her lessons.
A. What; why B. That; why C. What; because D. Why; that
14. It was ____ he said ___ disappointed me.
A. What; that B. That; that C. What; what D. That;what
15. It was ordered that all the soldiers _______to the front.
A. should send B. must be sent C. should be sent D. must go
16. The true value of life is not in ______, but _______.
A. which we get; what give we B. what we get; what we give
C. which do we get; what do we give D. how we get; that we
give
17. We are all for your proposal that the discussion _______.
A. be put off B. was put off C. should put off D. is to be put
off
18. Go and get your coat．It's ____ you left it．
A. where B. there C. here where D. where there
19. Sarah hopes to become a friend of ______ shares her
interests.
A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who
20. You can’t imagine ______ when they received these nice
Christmas presents.
A. how they were excited B. how excited they were
C. how excited were they D. they were how
excited
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