Book3语法专题：名词性从句

Book3语法专题：名词性从句

1、名词性从句中连接词的运用

 
 
 


 
 
 


 
 
 


 
 
 


 
 
 


 
 
 


 
 
 


 
 
 


 
 
 


 
 
 


 
 
 


 
 
 


 
 
 


 
 
 

连接词	词义	在句子中的成分
that	(无词义)	不作句子成分
whether	是否	不作句子成分
if	是否	不作句子成分
as if	好象	不作句子成分
who(ever)	（无论）谁	主语，表语，宾语
whom(ever)	（无论）谁	宾语
whose(ever)	（无论）谁的	主语，宾语，定语，表语
what(ever)	（无论）什么	主语，宾语，定语，表语
Which(ever)	（无论）哪个	主语，宾语，定语，表语
how	如何，怎样	方式状语
when	什么时候	时间状语
where	什么地方	地点状语
why	为什么	原因状语

★（1）that的用法。

①主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。如：

That they are good at English is known to us all.

The problem
is
that we don’t have enough money.

She expressed
the hope that they would come to Chinaone day.

②宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省，在以下几种情况中that不能省略：（A）当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that不可省略；（B）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，that不能省；（C）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。如：

He judged that,
because he was a child, he did not understand wine.

Everyone knew
what happened and that she was worried.

The reason
lies in that she works harder than the others do.

③that从句作主语和宾语时，可以用it 来替换成以下几种结构表达。

(A) It is clear/certain/likely/true/surprising
that…

(B) It is a pity/shame/good idea/no wonder that
...

(C) It is said/reported/
believed/known/thought/suggested that …

(D) It seems/happens that。如：

It happened that
I went out last night.

It is said that
China
will win in the World Cup.

④that和what的区别。

that 引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不以当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定语从句中的先行词 + 关系代词即常说的先行词 + that。如：

It’s shame that
he has made such a mistake. Do what he says.

⑤ 同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。

同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中做宾语或主语，宾语与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句，就应用连词that而不能用which.同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释名词的含义或内容，如以下名词：news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea等，而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。如：

They
expressed the hope that they would come to visitChinaagain. (同位语从句)

The hope she
expressed is that they would come to visitChinaagain.（定语从句）

★（2）whether和if的用法。

①whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。如：

②后面直接跟or not 时用whether。如：

③主语从句表语从句中只能用whether。如：

④whether可以引导同位语从句，用以说明前面的名词的内容，if不能。如：

⑤whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用；whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。如：

⑥间接引语位于句首时或者是间接引语提前时用whether不用if。如：

⑦whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”，而if不能。如：

Practice:选用if和whether填空

1.I didn’t know __________or not he had arrived inWuhan.

2._________the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.

3.The question is _______________they have so much
money.

4.We ought to discuss carefully the question_____________ we can do
it or not.

5.The question of ____________they are male or female
is not important.

6.I have not decided_____________ to go or not.

7.Thank you, but ____________ _I’ll be free I’m not
sure at the moment.

8.It all depends on ______________ they will come back.

9._________________ he comes or not,
we will begin our party on time.

★（3）疑问词 + ever和no matter + 疑问词的区别。

①疑问词 + ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的部分。如：

Whoever breaks the rule must be punished. (在主句中做______语)

You can
choose whatever you like in the shop. (在主句中做______语)

②疑问词 + ever还可引导让步状语从句。如：

Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished,

Whatever you do, you must do it well.

③no matter + 疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。如：

No matter what you do, you must do it well.

No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished.

★（4）when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。

when 和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词，则when和where引导的是定语从句，否则则为同位语从句。如：

They put
forward the question where they could get the money.

This is the
place where the accident happened.

2、名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致

（1）宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致，但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象，虽然主句是过去时态，从句仍用一般现在时。如：

Hello, I
didn’t know you were inLondon.
How long have you been here?

The teacher
told us that light travels at a very high speed.

（2）主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数，如果由and 连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。如：

When the
meeting will begin has not been decided yet.

When they
will start and where they go have not been decided yet.

When and
where the meeting will begin has not been decided.

3、名词性从句的词序：名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。如：

He asked me ____________________________(我怎么了\发生什么事了).

We’ve heard
the news that we’ll move into the new house.

______________________________(无论你说什么) will interest us all.